狀語從句
——書面表達中不可或缺的神器

四川綿陽中學 付 利

狀語從句一般分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較、方式狀語從句。 狀語從句是書面表達中不可或缺的組成部分，它能幫助作者流暢、自然地表達要點。 尤其是狀語從句的省略的運用，能很好地表現(xiàn)作者的語言駕馭能力，給書面表達提分。 希望本文能夠帶領同學們重新認識書面表達中的狀語從句，并在以后的書面表達中自如、恰到好處地運用狀語從句。

Step 1 句法喚醒

1. （2019·全國甲卷） We should make full preparationsso that we can win the game.

我們應該做好充分的準備，這樣我們才能取勝。

2. (2019·北京卷)When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.

當我到家的時候，我就為這次旅行收拾行李。

3. (2019·北京卷)After I got back home, I shared my experience with my parents.

回家后，我就和父母分享了這次經(jīng)歷。

4. (2019·天津卷) I will be gladif I can know how Western music influences the UK and how it will develop in the future after hearing your lecture.

如果在聽了您的講座之后，我能知道西方音樂是如何影響了英國，以及它未來的發(fā)展趨勢，我將非常高興。

5. (2019·江蘇卷)Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish,it is a little strange to walk around in it.

雖然中國傳統(tǒng)服裝可能看起來更美、更時尚，但是穿著它走來走去有點奇怪。

6. (2019·江蘇卷) The choice of the traditional Chinese dress means extra money and extra timebecause we have to change it back after the event.

選擇中國傳統(tǒng)服裝意味著多花錢和多花時間，因為我們在活動結束后還得換回去。

7. (2019·江蘇卷) So the school uniforms are a better choicethan the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion.

所以，校服比中國傳統(tǒng)服裝更適合這樣的場合。

8. (2018·全國乙卷) I would like to suggest that you arrive earlyso that you can help the family prepare dinner.

我建議你早點去，這樣就可以幫助主人備餐。

9. （2018·北京卷）Since you have long been interested in Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.

既然你一直都對中國文化感興趣，我想北京語言大學是你理想的選擇。

10. （2018·北京卷） You'd better learn some basic Chinesebefore you come.

在你來之前，你最好學些基礎漢語。

11. (2018·北京卷) I sat at a table, explaining every step of the processwhile making tea.

我坐在桌邊，一邊泡茶，一邊解釋每一個步驟。

12. (2018·天津卷)As planned,the competition will be held in July in Tianjin University.

按照計劃，比賽將于7月在天津大學舉行。

13. (2018·天津卷) I'll email the training plan to you, andwhen it's convenient to you,you can check it out and put forward your suggestions.

我會把訓練計劃發(fā)給你，在你方便的時候，你就可以核實一下，然后提出你的建議。

14. (2018·江蘇卷) Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratingswhenever we go shopping.

所以，無論何時去購物，針對這些排名我們都應該三思。

Step 2 句法提點

狀語從句的掌握要點

一、常見引導詞

（一） 時間狀語從句引導詞：

1. when、 while、 as

引導詞 詞義 例句1. He was doing his homework when his mother came in.他的媽媽進來的時候他正在做家庭作業(yè)。2. Greg was about to go out when the phone rang.Greg 正要出門，就在那時，電話響了。3. Lily had just put down her newspaper when her neighbor came to talk to her.Lily剛把報紙放下，她鄰居就過來搭話了。while 一邊……一邊（用進行時態(tài)或者表示狀態(tài)的詞）when當……的時候 When he is in trouble, he always tries to sort it out alone.當他遇到困難時，他總是努力自己解決。正在那時1. be doing...when正在做……就在那時2. be about to do...when正要做……就在那時3. had just done...when剛做完……就在那時He likes listening to music while (he is) cooking.他喜歡一邊做飯一邊聽音樂。as 當……時候；隨著 As time goes on, he becomes more and more independent.隨著時間的推移，他變得越來越獨立。

2. before、 since

引導詞 詞義 例句……才The foreigner had walked for an hour before he found the train station.這個外國人走了一個小時才找到火車站。before……就沒來得及It won't be a week before we meet again.用不了一周，我們就會再見面的。He had disappeared into the crowd before I could say thanks.我還沒來得及道謝，他就已經(jīng)消失在人群中了。趁著You'd better write down his telephone number before you forget it.趁著你沒忘，你最好把他的電話號碼記下來。since 自從（常用現(xiàn)在完成時或者現(xiàn)在完成進行時）1. I've heard a lot about you since I came to this company.自從我進了這家公司，我就聽說了很多關于你的事。2. It's more than 100 years since our school was founded.我們學校已經(jīng)成立100多年了。

3. until、 not...until

until意為“直到……”，表明主句動詞所表動作或狀態(tài)等的結束。主句常是延續(xù)性動詞，從句常是短暫性動詞。

The mouse had a happy life until a cat came.

這只老鼠過著開心的生活直到來了一只貓。

not...until意為“直到……才”，表明主句動作的開始，主從句都常是短暫性動詞。

I won't tell you the truth until I know I am safe. 直到我知道我是安全的，我才會對你說實話。

4. 表達“一……就……”意義的引導詞和名詞短語。

表達這個意義的引導詞和名詞短語有很多：as soon as、immediately、directly、instantly、the moment、the minute、the second、 the instant、no sooner...than、 hardly...when、scarcely...when等。

（二）地點狀語從句引導詞：where、wherever(無論哪里)。

（三）原因狀語從句引導詞：because、as、since(既然；因為)、now that（既然）、in that（因為）、considering that（鑒于）。

（四）條件狀語從句引導詞：if、unless(if...not)、so/as long as、on condition that、only if(as long as)、in case (萬一；如果)、once(一旦)。

（五）目的狀語從句引導詞：so that、in order that、for fear that（擔心）、in case（以防）、lest(以免)。

（六）結果狀語從句引導詞：so...that、such...that。

（七）方式狀語從句引導詞：as、as if、as though。

（八）讓步狀語從句引導詞：although、though、while(雖然)、whenever、whoever、however(無論多么)、wherever、whether...or...(不論……還是……)、even if/though、no matter when、no matter where、no matter who、no matter how。

二、一詞多義的引導詞

when: 當……的時候；就在那時；既然

as: 當……的時候；隨著；因為；像……一樣

while: 當……的時候； 盡管（放句首）

三、狀語從句的時態(tài)

當主句為將來時態(tài)，時間、條件、讓步狀語從句會用一般時態(tài)、完成時態(tài)、進行時態(tài)表將來。

1. I won't transfer money to others onlineunless I have confirmed his identity.

如果我沒有確定對方的身份，我不會在網(wǎng)上給別人轉錢。

2. My father told me thatif I was kind to others, I would be rewarded with kindness.

父親告訴我，如果我對別人好，別人也會回報我以善意。

四、狀語從句中的省略

當主句主語和從句主語一致，而且從句有be動詞的時候，或者當從句有it is的時候，就可以省略從句的主語和be動詞以簡化句子。

（一）時間狀語從句的省略

1.When (he was) at college, he began to do part-time job, supporting his family.

在他上大學的時候，他就開始做兼職工作，養(yǎng)活家人。

2.Whenever (it is) possible, we often visit our grandparents on weekends.

只要有時間，周末我們都會去看望爺爺奶奶。

（二）條件狀語從句的省略

1. The tree-planting campaign,if passed on successfully, will benefit ourselves in the long run.

如果植樹活動被成功傳遞下去，從長遠來看這會讓我們自己受益。

2. The medicine,unless otherwise stated, should be taken as told.

這個藥，如果不做其他的說明，應遵從醫(yī)囑服用。

（三）讓步狀語從句的省略

1.While (I was) tired, I felt a sense of fulfillment.

我盡管很累，但是很有成就感。

2.Even if (he was) invited, he wouldn't go to the party.

即使被邀請，他也不會去參加聚會。

（四）方式狀語從句的省略

1. You must doas (you are) told, or you'll put yourself in trouble.

你必須按照要求做，否則就會給自己找麻煩。

2. He howled on the ground,as if (he was) badly hurt.

他在地上嚎叫，好像傷得很重。

Step 3單句過手

1. (2018·浙江卷，6月) 我對英語很感興趣，因為它最能給我?guī)砜鞓贰?/p>

I'm interested in English _______________.

2. (2018·浙江卷) 我愿意為協(xié)會工作，因為這會是一個很好的拓寬我的視野、豐富我的生活、幫助我成長的機會。

I would like to work for the club _______________.

3. (2018·浙江卷，11月) 但是當我到達倫敦時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的錢包丟了。

_______________, I found my wallet lost.

4. (2017·全國丙卷) 一旦你決定加入，請于4月8日前把自己的個人信息發(fā)到學校郵箱。

________________, please send your personal information to our school's mailbox before April 8.

5. (2017·北京卷) 幾天之后，當視頻在畢業(yè)典禮上播放的時候，它受到了極大的好評。

Several days later,_______________, it was well received.

6. (2017·浙江卷，6月) 如果你加入我們的郊游，我將非常高興。

I'll be happy _______________.

7. (2017·浙江卷，11月) 如果你能來，我就去接你。

_______________, I'll go and pick you up.

8. (2016·北京卷) 我們做得很好以至于被邀請去和全校同學分享我們的想法和經(jīng)歷。

We did so well _______________.

9. (2015·全國乙卷) 你可以寫相關的任何東西，只要它是有趣且能增長知識的。

You can write anything relevant ________________.

10. (2015·重慶卷) 當知道Bookcrossing.com組織了一項活動時，我非常興奮。 在這個網(wǎng)站上，參與者有兩種方式分享書籍：自由分享和定向分享。

I'm more than excited _______________organized by Bookcrossing.com where participants can share their books in two ways: wild release and controlled release.

11. (2013·陜西卷) 盡管我很累，但我從來沒有這么高興過。 （倒裝）

_______________, I never felt so happy.

12. (2019·江蘇卷) 如果目的是分享中國文化的話，不方便不是問題。

The inconvenience is not a problem _______________.

13. (2018·全國甲卷) 我們想要聽聽你對這部短片的意見，因為你的意見對我們的改進有很大幫助。

We want to hear your opinions about the film _______________.

14. (2018·全國丙卷)在所有的運動中，我最喜歡籃球，因為它能給我力量去迎接生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。

Of all the games, I like basketball most _______________.

Step 4 語篇活用

一、原題再現(xiàn)

假定你是高中生李華，你從當?shù)貓蠹埳狭私獾侥闶袑⑴e辦為期一周的國際旅游節(jié)，組委會在招募會英語、了解綿陽的志愿者。 現(xiàn)在請你寫一封英語申請信，要點如下：

1. 個人情況；

2. 優(yōu)勢；

3. 表達期望。

二、根據(jù)中文提示，用狀語從句完成下面這篇范文。

Dear Sir or Madam,

I'm Li Hua, a healthy high school boy. I feel more than delighted 1.__________(當我從當?shù)貓蠹埳系弥銈冃枰驹刚? for the upcoming one-week international tourism festival. I'm applying to be one of them 2.__________(因為我很想為家鄉(xiāng)的這個重大活動做點事).

I feel I'm qualified for the job. Above all, ten-year English learning experiences arm me with excellent written and verbal English skills. In addition, being sociable, helpful and trustworthy,3.__________(只要有可能，我都會去做義工). As a native, I'm quite familiar with the culture and history of the beautiful city. They deserve being introduced to more people.

4_________.__(如果被錄用) I would do everything I could to live up to your expectations.Please take my application into consideration.

Your earliest reply would be greatly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Li Hua