黃金華 王玲燕 唐振海 竇士樹(shù) 李明衛(wèi) 馬海濤 張素平 李軍利 鄭秋道 范永勝
摘要?試驗(yàn)采用間比法排列,對(duì)33個(gè)河南省夏大豆新品種(系)進(jìn)行比較試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示,永鵬豆6號(hào)、尚豆1號(hào)、周豆46號(hào)、駐豆35、豫研豆086、蘇豆13號(hào)、中豆6301、粟豆8號(hào)、國(guó)豆2號(hào)、許豆11、五豐豆8號(hào)、豫豐豆369、華育11、圣育10號(hào)、中黃321、濰豆22、科豆29、道秋23共18個(gè)品種均比鄭196(CK)增產(chǎn)5%以上,增產(chǎn)幅度在6.21%~59.74%之間;株高在72.8~104.0 ?cm、底莢高度為8.6~16.6 ?cm,多數(shù)高于鄭196(CK),適宜機(jī)收;主莖節(jié)數(shù)在11.4~18.4個(gè),有效分枝在0.6~3.6個(gè),與鄭196(CK)相比均較適中;單株粒重在23.3~34.3 g,百粒重在19.0~27.6 g,單株粒數(shù)在81.6~180.4個(gè),單株有效莢數(shù)在38.6~91.8個(gè),與鄭196(CK)相比表現(xiàn)較好;生育期變化幅度在109~113 d,均未超過(guò)鄭196(CK)。因此,這18個(gè)品種適宜參加后續(xù)試驗(yàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞?夏大豆;農(nóng)藝性狀;產(chǎn)量;比較試驗(yàn)
中圖分類號(hào)?S565.1??文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼?A
文章編號(hào)?0517-6611(2020)17-0021-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.17.007
開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID):
Comparative Test Analysis and Evaluation of New Summer Soybean Varieties (lines) in Xinxiang Area
HUANG Jinhua, WANG Lingyan, TANG Zhenhai et al
(Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453000)
Abstract?The test was arranged by the intercomparison method, comparative test was conducted on 33 new summer soybean varieties (lines) in Henan Province. Results showed that a total of 18 varieties of Yongpengdou 6, Shangdou, Zhoudou 46, Zhudou 35, Yuyandou 086, Sudou 13, Zhongdou 6301, Sudou 8, Guodou 2, Xudou 11, Wufengdou 8, Yufengdou 369, Huayu 11, Shengyu 10, Zhonghuang 321, Weidou 22, Kedou 29, Daoqiu 23 showed 5% higher yield than Zheng 196 (CK). The yield increase ranged from 6.21% to 59.74%;plant height was 728-104.0 ?cm. The height of the bottom pod was 8.6-16.6 ?cm,mostly higher than Zheng 196 (CK), which was suitable for machine collection;the number of main stem nodes was 11.4-18.4,effective branches ranged from 0.6 to 3.6,compared with Zheng 196 (CK), both were moderate;the grain weight per plant was 23.3-34.3 g,100grain weight was 19.0-27.6 g,the number of grains per plant was between 81.6 and 180.4;the effective pod number per plant was 38.6-91.8. These 18 varieties showed better performance compared with Zheng 196 (CK). Growth period was between 109 and 113 d, none of which exceeded Zheng 196 (CK). Therefore, these 18 varieties were suitable for subsequent trials.
Key words?Summer soybean;Agronomic traits;Yield;Comparative test
大豆是中國(guó)重要糧食作物之一,已有5 000年栽培歷史[1],而且大豆含有豐富植物蛋白質(zhì),是重要的食用植物油和飼料蛋白來(lái)源。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)的改革,大豆在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中占有重要地位,2017年全國(guó)大豆播種面積超過(guò)0.08億hm2[2],大豆面積的增加不僅提升了國(guó)產(chǎn)大豆供給水平,也為有效應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外復(fù)雜環(huán)境和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)提供了基石。
河南是黃淮海大豆產(chǎn)區(qū)的重要省份,大豆常年種植面積達(dá)46.67萬(wàn)hm2[3],但平均單產(chǎn)長(zhǎng)期在22 500 ?kg/hm2左右。而大豆是優(yōu)化調(diào)整種植結(jié)構(gòu)的主要作物,因此推出一批高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)、效益較高的大豆品種是大豆產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵[4]。為了發(fā)揮農(nóng)業(yè)科研單位的優(yōu)勢(shì),推進(jìn)河南大豆產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,2019年新鄉(xiāng)市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院承擔(dān)了河南省夏大豆新品種(系)比較試驗(yàn),筆者研究了河南省供試大豆新品種(系)的農(nóng)藝性狀和產(chǎn)量,篩選出高產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、綜合性狀優(yōu)良、適合大面積機(jī)械化種植的大豆新品種,旨在為新品種審定和推廣提供科學(xué)依據(jù)[5-11]。