王振祥

1. campaign n. 運動;戰(zhàn)役 vi. 作戰(zhàn);參加運動

campaign無論用作名詞還是動詞，常與for， against連用，for后接追求的目標，against后接反對的人或事。如：

She led a worldwide campaign for peace after the war. 戰(zhàn)后，她領(lǐng)導了一場世界范圍的和平運動。

They have launched a campaign against poverty. 他們發(fā)起了一場消除貧困的運動。

campaign還可后接動詞不定式作定語或賓語。如：

The walk was part of a national campaign to raise ￡900，000. 這次散步是一場籌集90萬英鎊的全國運動的一部分。

She campaigned to save the town library. 她為拯救城鎮(zhèn)圖書館而戰(zhàn)。

2. behave vt. & vi. 舉動;（舉止或行為）表現(xiàn)

behave一般作不及物動詞，意為“舉止，表現(xiàn)”，后面常接副詞或介詞。也可用作及物動詞，后接反身代詞作其賓語，即：behave oneself意為“守規(guī)矩，表現(xiàn)得體”。如：

Students shouldn

He behaved like a true gentleman. 他的舉止猶如一名真正的紳士。

I want you to behave yourselves while I

3. worthwhile adj. 值得的;值得做的

worthwhile為形容詞，意為“值得的”。worthwhile可用作定語，也可用作表語。用作表語時，其后可接動詞不定式，也可后接動名詞。如：

He wanted to do a worthwhile job. 他想做件值得做的工作。

We decided to give the money to a worthwhile cause （=one that helps people）. 我們決定將錢用于一件對人民有益的事業(yè)。

It is worthwhile to go abroad because you can make more money. 到國外去是值得的，因為你可以賺更多的錢。

It is not worthwhile giving him some presents. He is so selfish. 不值得給他一些禮物，他那么自私。

辨析：worth， worthy和worthwhile

這三個詞都有“值得的”的意思，但用法或搭配不同。

● worth：

① 其后通常接名詞（多數(shù)用于錢數(shù)或相當于代價的比喻性名詞）;

② 其后還可接動名詞的主動形式，表示被動含義（一般不接不定式）;

③ 如果表示“很值得”的意義時，要用be well worth。如：

I

The book is worth reading again. 這本書值得再讀一遍。

● worthy：

① 其后可接of + n. / being done;

② 其后還可接不定式。如：

The question is worthy of consideration. = The question is worthy of being considered. = The question is worthy to be considered. 這個問題值得考慮。

● worthwhile：

① 既可作表語，又可作定語。如：

It is worthwhile to try / trying this experiment. 這個實驗值得做。

I think it is a worthwhile experiment. 我想這是個值得做的實驗。

② 用作表語時，可適用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)有：

A. 動名詞/不定式+be + worthwhile。如：

Explaining a job fully to a new employee is worthwhile.= To explain a job fully to a new employee is worthwhile. 給新雇員詳細說明工作的要求是值得的。

B. It is + worthwhile + 動名詞 / 不定式。如：

It is worthwhile to explain a job fully to a new employee.= It is worthwhile explaining a job fully to a new employee.

C.? It is worth one

It is worth your while to explain a job fully to a new employee.

4. observe vt. 觀察;觀測;遵守

observe意為“觀察，覺察到”時，可后接單賓語，也可后接復合賓語，后接不定式作賓語補足語時，主動結(jié)構(gòu)應省略to，也可后接

V-ing分詞作賓補，其后也可接賓語從句。如：

She observed his actions with interest. 她很感興趣地觀察他的行動。

His neighbour observed a stranger go into his house. 他的鄰居看到了一個陌生人進入他的家。

Officers observed him driving at 90 miles per hour. 警官們觀察到他每小時駕駛90英里。

Keynes observed that humans fall into two classes. 凱恩斯論述人分為兩個階級。

Observe how the people in the group interact. 觀察小組中的成員如何互相影響。

此外，該詞也可意為“遵守（法律、協(xié)議、規(guī)章等）;慶祝 （節(jié)日等）”。如：

The game will continue only when both teams agree to observe / follow the rules. 只有當兩個隊都同意遵守規(guī)則時，比賽才能繼續(xù)。

【思維拓展】

observe sb. do sth.; observe sb. doing sth.; observe that...; observe what / where / when / why / how...; observer n. 觀察員，觀察者;observation n. 觀察（行為）

5. respect vt. & n. 尊敬;尊重;敬意

作動詞用時，后可接人，也可接法律、權(quán)利、文化差異、風俗習慣以及某人的人格、信仰、觀點等。如：

A society where teachers are not respected is never promising. 一個教師不受尊敬的社會是永遠沒有希望的。

I

作名詞用時，還有“注意;考慮;關(guān)系;有關(guān);方面”等意思。作“敬意、問候”時，多用復數(shù)。如：

The students have great respect for their history teacher. 學生們非常尊敬他們的歷史老師。

Give my respects to your wife. 請代我向你太太問好。

I think you are wrong in every respect. 我覺得你各方面都錯了。

【思維拓展】

respect構(gòu)成的常用短語有：in all respects 無論從哪方面來看;in respect of 關(guān)于;就……來說;pay one

6. argue vt. & vi. 討論;辯論;爭論

argue意為“爭辯，爭論”，視情況用作及物或不及物動詞。表示“就某事與某人爭辯”等時，為不及物動詞，其后需接介詞，即argue with sb. about / over sth.。如：

He argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday. 他和瑪麗爭論度假的最好地方。

作及物動詞時，后接case （案件） 或從句作賓語。另外，表示“說服某人做某事”時，也作及物動詞用。如：

The speaker argued that more immigrants should be admitted to the country. 講演者舉出理由證明應該允許更多的移民入境。

She intended to argue the clerk into lowering the price. 她試圖說服售貨員降低價格。

They argued their actions had nothing to do with the riot， but I think that

【思維拓展】

argue的常用短語：argue a case 辯論一個案子;argue about / on / over sth. 辯論[爭論]某事;argue with sb. 與某人爭辯;argue against 反駁，駁斥;argue sb. down 駁倒某人;argue for / in favour of 力辨贊成;為……而力爭;argue sb. into （doing） sth. 說服某人做某事或接受某種意見;argue sb. out of （doing） sth. 說服某人不做某事，打消某種念頭

其名詞為argument，意為“爭吵;爭論;理由，論點，論據(jù)”。如：

We had an argument with the waiter about the bill. 我們和服務員就賬單發(fā)生了爭吵。

There are strong arguments for and against euthanasia. 對安樂死支持和反對者都提出了強有力的論據(jù)。

7. intend vt. 計劃;打算

其后可接動詞不定式、動名詞、不定式復合結(jié)構(gòu)、從句作賓語。如：

I intend to spend the night here. 我打算在這兒過夜。

I intended coming / to come back soon. 我打算盡快趕回來。

Did he intend us to share the costs of the meal？ 他要我們一起分擔飯錢嗎？

Mr. Black intends that his son shall learn Chinese. 布萊克先生想讓他兒子學習漢語。

【思維拓展】

come構(gòu)成的動詞短語還有：

come about 發(fā)生;產(chǎn)生;come back 回來，想起來;come down 落下來;come from 出生 （于） ，來自;come in（to）進入，進來;come off 從……離開，脫落;come on 來吧;趕快;come out 出來;（書等）出版，發(fā)行;come to 共計;達到; come true 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實，成為事實;come up 上來;上升;抬頭;come up with追上，趕上;想出（主意）;找出（答案）;提出（建議等）

【跟蹤練習】

單句語法填空。

1. The interview was the start of a campaign

his new book.

2. The software was perfect__________no respects.

3. I learnt the news only__________chance.

4. He said he loved her， but he actually had no__________（intend） of marrying her.

5. We did that to show a healthy respect__________our customers.

6. The film__________（intend） to educate teenagers to stay away from drugs.

7. I regret to say that you

8. It is worth your while__________（consider） the problem carefully.

9. The conductor expects to be treated__________basic respect.

10. The main__________（argue） against smoking is that it

11. Alice is always arguing her parents__________buying her a new computer.

12. The spy behaved as if he__________（do） nothing wrong.

13. A lot of volunteers took part in the campaign__________pollution.

14. Most Brazilian restaurants offer fresh milk__________（deliver）.

15. I wish those children would behave__________（they）.

16. It__________（observe） that 40 percent of patients had high blood pressure.