高潔
命題趨勢(shì)
介詞是歷年各地中考必考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看,一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等,所占分值通常為2~4分。從命題意圖看,側(cè)重考查考生在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用介詞的能力。
中考考查重點(diǎn)
1.介詞辨析:
2.介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。
介詞是一種虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分,必須與名詞或代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語(yǔ)或從句構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),才能擔(dān)任句子成分。
考向二:表示場(chǎng)所、方向的介詞
(1)表示場(chǎng)所的介詞: at, in, on, under, by, near, between, among, around,opposite,等等
(2)表示方向的介詞: above, over, below, into, out of, along, across, through,up,past,等等
①at, in
at 在某地(表示某一點(diǎn)位置或較小的地方)
at school在學(xué)校
atafactory在一家工廠
stand at the door站在門邊
at the party在聚會(huì)上
at the bottom of在....下面
atthetable在桌旁
at the end of在....末尾
at the crossroads在十字路口
at the station在火車站
at the bus stop在公共汽車站
at home在家
I'll meet him at the Beijing railway station.我將去北京站接他。
1 in在某地(表示空間或范圍,也用于指較大的地方)
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
inthehouse在房子里
◆He lives in Shanghai with his wife .他同妻子住在上海。
◆ShewasborninChina.她是在中國(guó)出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
I on在....上面(有接觸面)
on the desk在桌子上面
on the map在地圖上
I on在....的地方
on the right在右邊
on the floor在地板上
on the screen在屏幕上
on the island/beach在島上/海濱
on the river在河邊
on the pavement在人行道上
on the farm在農(nóng)場(chǎng)
I above ....上方
Our plane flew above the clouds.我們的飛機(jī)在云端飛行。
I over 在...正.上方,是under的反義詞
There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盞燈。
◆A few birds were flying over the sea.有幾只鳥在海上飛。
I under在....面:在...之內(nèi)
under the table桌子下面
under the jacket在夾克內(nèi)
The dog is under the table. 這條狗在桌子下面。
Ibelow在...下方(不一定是正下方,正下方是under),below 是above的反義詞
There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有很多魚。
③near, by
[near 近的,不遠(yuǎn)的,
near=not far,是far的反義詞。near 還可以指時(shí)間
in the near future在不久的將來(lái)
◆Is there a bus stop near here?這附近有公共汽車站嗎?
1 by ....旁邊,距離比near要近
by the window在窗戶旁邊
by me在我旁邊
?The boy is standing by the window.這個(gè)男孩正站在窗戶旁邊。
④between, among, around
between 在兩者之間
> My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我們的老師正坐在湯姆和邁克之間。
> What' s the difference between A and B? A和B之間有什么區(qū)別?
among在三者或更多的之中
> There is a beautiful house among the trees.在樹林之中有-一間漂亮的房子。
>Heisverypopularamongthestudents.他在學(xué)生中很受歡迎。
]around 環(huán)繞,....周周...四周
>Wesataroundthetable.我們?cè)谧雷铀闹茏聛?lái)。
◆The earth moves around the sun.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
?in front of, behind, opposite
in front of在..的前面;在..的前部
>Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.房子前有一棵樹。
> There is a big desk for the teacher in front of the classroom.在教室的前部有一張大講桌。
1 behind在...后面,behind 是in front of的反義詞
>Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.我家房子后面有一棵樹。
opposite在...對(duì)面
> Our school is opposite a university.我們學(xué)校在一所大學(xué)的對(duì)面。
>Hestoodoppositeme.他站在我對(duì)面。
⑥in, into, out of,叩
in 在....之內(nèi),用于表示靜止的位置
> The students are in the classroom.學(xué)生們?cè)诮淌依铩?/p>
into進(jìn)入,用于表有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向。通常用于表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞之后,如go, come, walk, run等
◆The students run into the classroom.學(xué)生們跑進(jìn)教室。
◆He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of ....到外面,和into一樣,也表示有一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向
> The students rushed out of the room.學(xué)生們沖出房間。
up 向上移動(dòng)
The children climbed up the tree.孩子們爬上了樹。
⑦along, across, past, through
along 沿著
> I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿著河邊散步,突然下起了雨。
across 橫過
>Ioftenswimacrosstheriver.我常游泳橫渡這條河。
past 經(jīng)過
?Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步經(jīng)過市政府。
1 through 貫穿,通過
> The sun shone through the clouds.陽(yáng)光穿過云層照射下來(lái)。
> The river was through the city. 這條河穿過這座城市。
⑧to, from,for
考向三:介詞短語(yǔ)
at once立刻
atlast最后
at first起先,首先
at the age of...在...歲時(shí)
at the end of...在....之末
at the beginning of... 在....之初
at the foot of...在.....腳下
at the same time同時(shí)
at night/noon在夜里/中午
with one's help在某人的幫助下:由于某人的幫助
with the help of...在....的幫助下
with a smile面帶笑容
with one's own eyes親眼看見
after a while過了一會(huì)兒
from now on從現(xiàn)在起
from then on從那時(shí)起
for example例如
far away from遠(yuǎn)離
from morning till night從早到晚
by and by不久
byairmail寄航空郵件
by bike/air/train/bus騎自行車/乘飛機(jī)/坐火車/乘汽車
by ordinary mail寄平信
by the way順便說
bythewindow在窗邊
by the end of...到....底為止
練習(xí)
( ) 1. —Mom, my knees have gone _________my jeans.
—No kidding! I just bought it for you last week.
A. off
B. on
C. through
D. out
() 2. Kelly is thinking about how these old books can be put________ good use.
A. to
B. in
C. on
D. at
( ) 3. He wrote his phone number _______ a piece of paper.
A. from
B. for
C.in
D. on
( ) 4. Darning can't see the blackboard clearly because two tall boys sit _______him.
A. next to
B. behind
C. in front of
D. on
( ) 5. Betty kept silent at first, _______ soon she joined the other girls, chatting andlaughing.
A. but
B. so
C.or
D. and
( ) 6. You look quite beautiful _________ this pink dress.
A. in
B. on
C. with
D. for
( ) 7. We are all encouraged to work hard and succeed ________ life.
A. on
B. in
C. out
D. up
【答案詳析】
1.C【解析】考查副詞。句意:媽媽,我的膝蓋穿過牛仔褲了。別開玩笑!我上星期才剛給你買的。off與go構(gòu)不成短語(yǔ),排除;go on繼續(xù),go out出去,不符合句意,排除;go through“穿過”,根據(jù)句意膝蓋穿過牛仔褲是指牛仔褲破了,故選C。
2.A【解析】句意:凱莉正在考慮這些舊書怎樣被好好利用起來(lái)。to到……;in在……里面;on 在……上面;at 在具體地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間。put.….to good use 好好利用……。故選A。
3.D【解析】句意:他把電話號(hào)碼寫在一張紙上??疾榻樵~辨析。from從,來(lái)自;for為了,給;in在……里;on在……上?!霸谝粡埣埳稀笔褂媒樵~on,on a piece ofpaper,選D。
4.C【解析】句意:達(dá)寧看不清楚黑板,因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)高個(gè)子男孩坐在他前面。next to緊挨著;behind在……后面;in front of在……的前面;on在……上面??床磺宄诎宓脑蚴乔懊孀鴥蓚€(gè)高個(gè)子男孩,故選為C。
5.A【解析】句意:貝蒂起初保持沉默,但不久她就加入了其他女孩的行列,有說有笑??疾檫B詞辨析。but表轉(zhuǎn)折;so表結(jié)果;or表選擇;and表排列。本句前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu),可知選A。
6.A【解析】句意:你穿上這件粉色的裙子,看起來(lái)相當(dāng)漂亮。in在……里;on在……上面;with和……一起;for為了。in+顏色+衣服,表示穿著某種顏色的衣服,故選A。
7.B【解析】句意:我們?cè)谏钪卸急还膭?lì)努力工作和取得成功??疾榻樵~。on在……上;in在……里;out外面的,在外;up向上,向上的。短語(yǔ)in life在生活中,選B。