曹莉
摘 要 目的:了解社區(qū)HPV疫苗接種女性對(duì)于宮頸癌防治知識(shí)的認(rèn)知情況,為擬定宮頸癌的社區(qū)防治策略提供參考。方法:于2019年10-12月在上海市虹口區(qū)某社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心疫苗接種門(mén)診對(duì)接種HPV疫苗的女性進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,調(diào)查對(duì)象年齡為16~41歲,平均年齡(25.63±5.42)歲。共獲有效問(wèn)卷126份。結(jié)果:126名調(diào)查對(duì)象中,總體知曉率為62.70%。不同年齡組的總體知曉率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。已婚女性、機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)及專業(yè)技術(shù)人員、高收入女性的認(rèn)知程度高于未婚女性、無(wú)業(yè)人員、低收入女性,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。96.83%的調(diào)查對(duì)象認(rèn)為宮頸癌的發(fā)生與HPV密切相關(guān),但僅有24.60%的調(diào)查對(duì)象知道HPV病毒的分型與宮頸疾病的關(guān)系;有59.52%的調(diào)查對(duì)象知道宮頸癌篩查;只有19.84%的調(diào)查對(duì)象認(rèn)為HPV疫苗接種后仍需要進(jìn)行常規(guī)宮頸癌篩查。結(jié)論:盡管HPV疫苗接種女性對(duì)HPV與宮頸癌的關(guān)系認(rèn)識(shí)程度較高,但在宮頸癌篩查相關(guān)問(wèn)題回答正確率普遍偏低,且很多人誤認(rèn)為HPV疫苗接種一勞永逸,不需要再進(jìn)行宮頸癌篩查。提示應(yīng)提高宮頸癌防治知識(shí)宣教的覆蓋面,提高宮頸癌疫苗接種率和宮頸癌篩查普及率。
關(guān)鍵詞 HPV疫苗;社區(qū);宮頸癌;防治知識(shí)
中圖分類號(hào):R186 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2021)02-0035-04
Awareness of cervical cancer prevention and treatment among women vaccinated with human papilloma virus vaccine in a community in Shanghai
CAO Li(Department of Gynecology of Beiwaitan Community Health Service Center of Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and treatment among women vaccinated with human papilloma virus(HPV) vaccine in the community to provide a reference for the community prevention and treatment strategy of cervical cancer. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among women vaccinated against HPV vaccine at the vaccination clinic of a community health service center in Hongkou District, Shanghai from October to December 2019. The age of the survey subjects ranged from 16 to 41 years old, with an average age of (25.63±5.42) years old. A total of 126 valid questionnaires were obtained. Results: Among 126 respondents, the overall awareness rate was 62.70%. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall awareness rate of different age groups(P<0.01). The cognitive level of married women, government, professional and technical personnel and high-income women was higher than that of unmarried, unemployed and low-income women(P<0.01), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). 96.83% of the respondents believed that the occurrence of cervical cancer was closely related to HPV, but only 24.60% of the respondents knew the relationship between HPV typing and cervical diseases; 59.52% of the respondents knew cervical cancer screening; only 19.84% of survey respondents believed that routine cervical cancer screening was still needed after HPV vaccination. Conclusion: Although HPV vaccination women have a high level of understanding of the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer, but the correct answers to questions related to cervical cancer screening are generally low, and many people mistakenly believe that HPV vaccination is done once and for all and that cervical cancer screening is unnecessary. It is suggested that the coverage of cervical cancer prevention and treatment knowledge should be improved, and the coverage rate of cervical cancer vaccination and cervical cancer screening should be increased.
我國(guó)HPV疫苗逐漸普及和社區(qū)HPV疫苗預(yù)防接種的推進(jìn),為宮頸癌篩查工作的推廣提供了良好契機(jī)。一方面,疫苗的普及化使社區(qū)女性更加關(guān)注宮頸癌及相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素;另一方面,社區(qū)定點(diǎn)接種的制度使社區(qū)有機(jī)會(huì)在提供疫苗接種服務(wù)的同時(shí)向女性群體宣傳其他防治相關(guān)知識(shí)。社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心可借助疫苗接種工作,向接種女性(或有意愿接種女性)傳播宮頸癌的早期防治知識(shí)及宮頸癌篩查的重要性,以期提高女性對(duì)宮頸癌篩查的接受及重視程度。
作為社區(qū)居民健康守門(mén)人,社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心在宮頸癌防治的健康教育和健康促進(jìn)方面承擔(dān)著重要的責(zé)任。如何更好地普及宮頸癌防治相關(guān)知識(shí),提高HPV疫苗接種率和宮頸癌篩查率是社區(qū)在宮頸癌防治工作中發(fā)揮重要作用的關(guān)鍵。本次調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,絕大多數(shù)(95.24%)的調(diào)查對(duì)象希望了解宮頸癌防治相關(guān)知識(shí),提示HPV疫苗接種女性對(duì)于宮頸癌防治知識(shí)有著較高的需求,社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心需在健康教育內(nèi)容和傳播方式上進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新。本次調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,81.7%的調(diào)查對(duì)象主要通過(guò)微信、微博等社交媒體獲取宮頸癌相關(guān)防治知識(shí)。微信平臺(tái)、微博等社交媒體正日益成為健康傳播的重要途徑[13-14]。社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心可利用微信公眾號(hào)等形式,通過(guò)圖片、視頻等多種載體,向社區(qū)居民傳播進(jìn)行宮頸癌防治知識(shí)宣傳。
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