四川 付 利
形容詞和副詞都具有修飾功能。形容詞是描述人和事物的特征、性質(zhì)、屬性或者狀態(tài)的一種開放性詞類,主要修飾名詞或者代詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分;副詞是指在句中表示行為或者狀態(tài)特征的詞,用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或者句子,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、邏輯等。這兩類詞在任何體裁的文章中都是必不可少的。連詞則相當(dāng)于人身體里的關(guān)節(jié),它們的作用是讓文章流暢、自然、有活力。
(2020·全國(guó)乙卷)There aremany respectablepeople around us. Mr Li is one of themost respectedteachers. With eyes filled with wisdom and the mild nature, he is agenuinescholar.
I couldn't follow the teachercompletelyin English classwhenI became a senior three student.One day, I was tooexhaustedto concentrate on what he was teaching.Unfortunately, I was invited to share my own ideas. I couldn't say one word. Much to my astonishment, Mr Li instructed and encouraged mepatiently. Sotouchedwas I that I decided to spare no effort to study hard.
NowI'mconfidentabout my English.I amreally gratefulto him for what he has done for me.
在本文中,作者很自然、恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眯稳菰~和副詞,對(duì)老師的描述、對(duì)事情的陳述,以及自己的感情表達(dá)都很到位,讓人印象深刻。
(一)形容詞的語(yǔ)法功能
?
(續(xù)表)
(二)形容詞的位置
1. 一般放在所修飾詞之前
(2019·全國(guó)乙卷)In a nutshell, I'm theexactperson you need.
一句話,我就是你們需要的人。
2. 后置定語(yǔ):放在所修飾詞之后
I met someone quitetalkativeat the party.
在聚會(huì)上我遇到了一個(gè)十分健談的人。
(三)形容詞有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
1. I'mcloserto Jim than to Peter.
我跟Jim比跟Peter關(guān)系更親近。
2. The film isthe most brilliantone I've ever seen.
這是我看過的最精彩的電影。
(四)-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞和-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞
-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞意為“感到……”,而-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞意為“令人……”。
1. Thank you for yourinvitingdishes. I feelinvitedto come again.
感謝你做的誘人的菜肴。 我很想再來(lái)你家。
2. Hissatisfiedfacial expression suggested that the news must besatisfying.
他滿意的表情暗示著這消息一定令人滿意。
副詞在意義上和形式上具有自己的特征。 在意義上,副詞用以說(shuō)明事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),行為的方式、程度,說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)。 副詞具有明顯的修飾和強(qiáng)調(diào)功能。
(一)副詞的分類
1. 時(shí)間副詞,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,如:since、immediately、right now、in no time、tomorrow等。
2. 地點(diǎn)副詞, 說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn), 如:outdoors、indoors、everywhere、upstairs、outside、out、here、there等。
3. 方式副詞, 說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式, 如:wildly、kindly、patiently、hard、cautiously、slowly、suddenly等。
4. 程度副詞,用來(lái)描述動(dòng)作、行為或者狀態(tài)程度的副詞,如:hardly、enough、extremely、completely、almost、pretty、a lot等。
5. 頻度副詞,指一定時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率,如:usually、often、sometimes、never、always、consecutively、frequently、constantly、now and then等。
6. 評(píng)論副詞,對(duì)主句中陳述的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)的副詞,如:luckily、exactly、naturally、thankfully、hopefully、honestly、narrowly、generally等。
7. 連接副詞及副詞短語(yǔ),主要用來(lái)連接句子或者從句,如:
所以:consequently、therefore、hence、as a result
還有:besides、moreover、additionally
但是:however、though (句末)
否則:otherwise
然后:then
同時(shí):meanwhile
(二)副詞的語(yǔ)法功能
?
常見的連詞有:
并 列 連 詞:and、both...and...、not only...but also...、as well as、in addition、besides、apart from、for one thing...for another、what's more等。
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:however、while、but、yet、still、instead、on the one hand...on the other hand等。
選擇關(guān)系:or、or else、otherwise、either...or...、neither...nor...等。
因果關(guān)系:so、for、then、therefore、hence、as a result、as a result of等。
遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:more importantly、what's worse、worse still等。
從屬連詞:because、since、until、when、as、while等。
1. ( 2020·全國(guó)甲卷)我將永遠(yuǎn)從這次經(jīng)歷中受益。
I'll benefit from the experience____________.
2. (2018·全國(guó)丙卷)體育館設(shè)施很棒,下課后吸引了眾多的學(xué)生。
equipped, the stadium attracts a great many students after school.
3.(2017·全國(guó)乙卷)課堂上,你主要學(xué)習(xí)唐詩(shī)。 唐詩(shī)體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化,而且深受中國(guó)人喜愛。
In the class, you will____________learn Tang poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is____________loved by Chinese.
4. (2017·全國(guó)甲卷)我真誠(chéng)地希望您能騰出時(shí)間來(lái)參加這個(gè)藝術(shù)展。
I____________hope you can set aside some time for the art exhibition.
5. (2016·北京卷)所有的人都因?yàn)檫@些意外的禮物感到開心,尤其是孩子和老人。
All were very happy with those unexpected gifts,____________little kids and elderly people.
6. (2016·江蘇卷)網(wǎng)上投票變得日益流行起來(lái)。
Online voting becomes____________popular.
7. (2015·北京卷)我們圍著老手藝人專注地觀看,然后我們開始自己嘗試。 老人在我們身邊轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)去,耐心地幫助我們。
We stood around the craftsman and watched____________.____________
we started to give it a shot ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us .
8. (2016·天津卷)給我們留下深刻印象的不僅是你們的熱情,還有你們的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。
It's____________your enthusiasm____________your teamwork that impress us.
9. (2015·浙江卷)毫不猶豫地,我決定跟著他們,而且那天我們的確過得很有意思。
____________, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.
10.(2015·江蘇卷)更糟糕的是,有些司機(jī)、騎自行車的人和行人不認(rèn)為遵守交通規(guī)則很重要。
____________, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.
11. ( 2019·全國(guó)乙卷)I'm confident that I'm qualified for the job.____________(首先), I have a good command of both English and Chinese.____________(其次), I have relevant experience and know the duty of a volunteer better.________(再者), I can explain Chinese paintings in detail and offer help to whoever is in need.________(總之), I'm the exact person you need.
12.(2018·全國(guó)乙卷)I do have some suggestions for you.________(第一), to show your politeness, you should arrive on time and never be late.________(另外), you'd better bring some gifts that don't have to be of great value.________(還有), it's chopsticks that we Chinese use when we eat,________(所以) you'd better practice using them in advance.________(最后但同樣重要的), while chewing, you need to avoid making noise.
假定你是某國(guó)際學(xué)校學(xué)生李越,學(xué)校圖書館需要購(gòu)置一批新書,現(xiàn)向?qū)W生征求意見。 請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給圖書館管理員Tony老師寫一封郵件,內(nèi)容包括:
1. 推薦書目;
2. 推薦理由。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;
3. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Tony,
Hearing that our library is scheduled to buy some new books,________________
I'd be grateful if you could consider my appeal.
Yours,
Li Yue