陳霞

主旨大意題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的必考題，用得最多的首尾法和反推法雖然能解決問題，但難度較大，尤其是對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)弱的考生很難從首尾部分總結(jié)出主旨大意。鑒于閱讀題的題干圍繞主旨設(shè)題，且多為簡(jiǎn)單句，因此難度相對(duì)較小，考生可從中感知主旨。運(yùn)用題干歸納法不僅可以簡(jiǎn)化題目難度，而且能節(jié)省時(shí)間提高準(zhǔn)確率。

[例1]2020年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷B篇：

24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play？

25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？

26. How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play？

27. What is the text mainly about？

A. A mathematical method.??? B. A scientific study.

C. A woman psychologist.????? D. A teaching program.

解析：27題考查文章主旨，24～26題的題干分別是：孩子從puzzle play中獲得什么益處，設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)需考慮的因素，玩puzzle play時(shí)男女的差異。運(yùn)用題干歸納法可知文章主旨是關(guān)于puzzle游戲?qū)⒆拥挠绊懙模貏e是從“設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)”可知，這是“科學(xué)研究”，故選B項(xiàng)。

[例2]2019年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷D篇：

32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school？

33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？

34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids？

35. What is the best title for the text？

A. Be Nice—You Wont Finish Last

B. The Higher the Status， the Better

C. Be the Best—You Can Make It

D. More Self-Control， Less Aggressiveness

解析：35題考查文章主旨，32～34題分別考查：作者小學(xué)時(shí)的性格特點(diǎn)，第二段大意，關(guān)于最受歡迎的孩子研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么。運(yùn)用題干歸納法可知文章主旨與性格有關(guān)，可排除與性格無關(guān)的選項(xiàng)B，C和D項(xiàng)，選A項(xiàng)。

[例3]2018年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷C篇：

28. What can we infer about languages in hunter gatherer times？

29. Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2？

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present？

31. What is the main idea of the text？

A. New languages will be created.

B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.

C. Human development results in fewer languages.

D. Geography determines language evolution.

解析：31題考查文章主旨，28～30題分別考查：狩獵時(shí)期的語(yǔ)言，詞義猜測(cè)，目前不到6000人使用的語(yǔ)言有多少種。運(yùn)用題干歸納法可知文章主旨與語(yǔ)言有關(guān)，又由“狩獵時(shí)期”“目前”可知，是語(yǔ)言與時(shí)間的關(guān)系，與此相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)只有C項(xiàng)：人類的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)言的減少。

2020年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷C篇為例：

28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol？

29. What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law？

30. What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on？

31. What is the text mainly about？

A. Lifestyles in different countries.

B. Conflicts between generations.

C. A housing problem in Britain.

D. A rising trend of living in the UK.

解析：31題考查文章主旨，28-30題分別考查：誰(shuí)住第一層，Nick對(duì)于與丈母娘合住的態(tài)度，作者關(guān)于多代同堂家庭的陳述基礎(chǔ)。運(yùn)用題干歸納法可知文章主旨關(guān)于多代合住家庭的住房問題，故選C項(xiàng)。

2018年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷B篇：

32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph？

33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci？

34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk？

35. What is the best title for the text？

A. Conversation Counts.

B. Ways of Making Small Talk.

C. Benefits of Small Talk.

D. Uncomfortable Silence.

解析：35題考查文章主旨，32-34題分別考查：第一段描述的現(xiàn)象，small talk的成功要素，關(guān)于small talk咖啡店的研究結(jié)果。運(yùn)用題干歸納法可知文章主旨關(guān)于small talk，可知35題選B項(xiàng)。

由以上例證說明，題干歸納法在解答高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的主旨大意題中起著重要作用。盡管題干歸納法不一定能解決所有的主旨大意題，但能極大提高正確率。

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青