項目地點：伊朗霍爾木茲島

建設單位：Ehsan Rasoulof,Ali Rezvani（業(yè)主）

設計單位：ZAV 建筑師事務所

設計主持：Mohamadreza Ghodousi,Fatemeh Rezaei,Golnaz Bahrami,Soroush Majidi

設計助理：Sheila Ehsaei,Sara Jafari,Payman Barkhordari,Mohsen Safshekan,Kaveh Rashidzadeh,Hossein Panjehpour

景觀設計：Maryam Yousefi,Morteza Adib

室內(nèi)設計：Sara Jafari,Taraneh Behboud,Sara Nikkar,Mohsen Dehghan

照明設計：Tajang 照明設計公司

結構設計：Behrang Baniadam,Rouhi Touski

市政工程：Farhad Beigi

電氣工程：Pejman Moradian

機械工程：Saeid Afsharian

項目施工：Amir Tehrani Nobahari

項目竣工：2020 年

總建筑面積：每座10 300 平方米

用地面積：4 000 平方米

景觀面積：6 300 平方米

照片攝影：Tahmineh Monzavi,Soroush Majidi,Payman Barkhordari

Project location:Iran,Hormuz Island

Client:Ehsan Rasoulof,Ali Rezvani (Owner)

Architecture Firm:ZAV Architects

Lead Architects:Mohamadreza Ghodousi,Fatemeh Rezaei,Golnaz Bahrami,Soroush Majidi

Design Assistants:Sheila Ehsaei,Sara Jafari,Payman Barkhordari,Mohsen Safshekan,Kaveh Rashidzadeh,Hossein Panjehpour

Landscape:Maryam Yousefi,Morteza Adib

Interior Design:Sara Jafari,Taraneh Behboud,Sara Nikkar,Mohsen Dehghan

Light Consultant:Tajang Light

Structural Design:Behrang Baniadam,Rouhi Touski

Civil Engineering:Farhad Beigi

Electrical Engineering:Pejman Moradian

Mechanical Engineering:Saeid Afsharian

Project Constructor:Amir Tehrani Nobahari

Completion Year:2020

Gross Built Area:10 300 m2

Area:4 000 m2

Landscape Area:6 300 m2

Photo credits:Tahmineh Monzavi,Soroush Majidi,Payman Barkhordari

伊朗霍爾木茲島，以城市開發(fā)實現(xiàn)社區(qū)賦能

霍爾木茲島歷史悠久，作為伊朗南部波斯灣處一度繁榮的港口，它曾是中東地區(qū)向外運輸石油的要道。該島風景斑斕壯美，猶如仙境。矛盾之處在于，縱然這座島嶼風景優(yōu)美、適宜觀光且在政治上具有戰(zhàn)略意義，其島民卻經(jīng)濟拮據(jù)，乃至利用其船只參與非法販運活動。

霍爾木茲海濱住區(qū)是一家私營機構的系列城市開發(fā)項目，該機構委托ZAV 建筑師事務所，旨在為島上的本地社區(qū)賦能。該項目的二期工程是一個名為Majara 住區(qū)（意為冒險）的多用途文化住宅區(qū)，該住區(qū)能夠在文化以及經(jīng)濟雙重維度上將本地居民與游客的生活相連通。

何者利于我，何者利于眾？

在這個面臨境外政治爭端的國度，每一個建筑項目都是一個有關內(nèi)部治理選項的提案，它們提出根本的問題：建筑的界限在哪里？建筑如何為公共生活提供政治上的其他選擇？建筑如何實現(xiàn)社會功能？

建筑可以充當中介，調(diào)和從國家、投資者到不同階層、不同人群在內(nèi)的各個群體的利益。Majara 住區(qū)正是如此，它吸納項目臨近阿巴斯港的土地所有者（他們是霍爾木茲一年一度的大地藝術活動的舉辦者）、首都德黑蘭的投資者以及霍爾木茲本地人合作參與項目。

在制裁導致經(jīng)濟不景氣的背景下，提振GDP 可帶來社會變革，在此項目中表現(xiàn)為：1.降低建造成本，以利益業(yè)主。2.指定將預算側重劃撥用作工資支出而非用于采購昂貴進口材料，通過提供建筑技能培訓為其賦能，利益當?shù)孛癖姟?.采用適應性強且不易過時的空間規(guī)劃，以應對計劃外需求，利益業(yè)主及該島。4.使用伊朗本土材料和人力資源，削減建筑和運輸成本，提振GDP，利益該國。

無限的納德?哈利利式建筑

霍爾木茲海濱住區(qū)為可持續(xù)發(fā)展項目，該項目旨在構建信任而非僅關注建筑目標，其追求鼓勵當?shù)孛癖妳⑴c，并且在對該島進行任何改造的過程中考慮到其利益。

該項目使用納德?哈利利的超級土屋技術（superadobe）（一種使用夯土和夯沙的新式簡易技術）建造多個小型穹頂式建筑。穹頂式建筑在該地區(qū)很常見。此類建筑尺寸較小，當?shù)毓そ臣安皇炀毠と嗽谑孪葏⑴c過規(guī)模更小的項目后，即可勝任本項目的建造施工工作。如今，經(jīng)過培訓，他們已經(jīng)成為熟練的superadobe泥瓦工，如同以指數(shù)級復制出了無數(shù)個納德?哈利利。

膨脹土

數(shù)不清的顏色各異的顆粒，泥土、沙土、沙礫或石料的，堆積形成了霍爾木茲島色彩繽紛的地貌。受該島地貌交錯處的顆粒所啟發(fā)，本項目使用的地毯在織就時采用顆粒狀結構。以沙袋構建空間粒子（也稱穹頂），沙袋填充有霍爾木茲碼頭上挖出的沙土，象征著人為建造的、地表上隆起的居住空間。

Community empowerment via urban development,Hormuz Island,Iran

Hormuz is a formerly glorious historic port in the strategic strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf,South of Iran,that controls the shipment of petroleum from the Middle East.The island has outstanding colorful surreal landscapes.Oddly,the local inhabitants of the beautiful,touristic and politically strategic island struggle economically,getting involved in illegal trafficking activities using their boats.

Presence in Hormuz is a series of urban developments by a private institution that hired ZAV Architects,in order to empower the local community of the island.Its second phase is a multipurpose cultural residence called Majara residence (meaning adventure) that ties together the lives of local people and visitors both culturally and economically.

What’s to my benefit,what’s to the benefit of all?

In a country where the state struggles with political disputes outside its borders,every architectural project becomes a proposal for internal governing alternatives,asking basic questions:what are the limits of architecture and how can it suggest a political alternative for communal life? How can it attain social agency?

Architecture has the capacity be a mediator in the middle ground that converges the interests of different groups,from the state and investors to various classes and groups of people.Majara does so in bringing together the owners of land from the neighboring port of Bandar Abbas who organize an annual landart event in Hormuz,the investors from the capital city Tehran,and the local people of Hormuz as partners in the project.

Under the economic distress of sanctions,increasing the GDP generates social change,which in this project is achieved by:1.Building economically,to the benefit of the client.2.Earmarking a bigger share of the budget to labor costs rather than expensive imported materials,to the benefit of the local population,empowering them by offering training for construction skills.3.An adaptive and future-proof spatial scenario that can respond to unpredicted need,to the benefit of the client and the island.4.Using materials and human resources from Iran,to reduce construction and transportation costs and increase the GDP,to the benefit of the whole country.

lnfinite Nader Khalili’s

Presence in Hormuz is a continuous process aiming at building trust rather than architectural objects,in order to encourage the participation of local people and the inclusion of their interests in any intervention in the island.

The project is a multitude of small-scale domes built with the superadobe technique of Nader Khalili,the innovative and simple technique using rammed earth and sand.Domes are familiar structures in the region.Their small scale makes them compatible with the building capabilities of local craftsmen and unskilled workers,which have been prepared for this project with previous smaller projects.Today they are trained master superadobe masons,as if Nader Khalili multiplied exponentially.

Swelling Earth

The infinite number of colorful particles,be they soil,sand,gravel or stone,pile up and form the rainbow topography of Hormuz island.In this project a carpet is woven with granular knots inspired by the particles that make up the ecotone of the island.The sandbags that create the spatial particles (aka domes) are filled with the dredging sand of the Hormuz dock,as if the earth has swollen to produce space for accommodation.