王化清
反身代詞又稱自身代詞,它是一種表示反射或強調的代詞。它由第一人稱、第二人稱形容詞性物主代詞和第三人稱代詞賓格詞尾加self或selves構成:
單數 myself yourself himself herself itself
復數 ourselves yourselves themselves
一、作及物動詞或介詞的賓語,表示動作返回到主語本身。如:
I want to build myself a country house. 我想給自己建一座鄉(xiāng)間別墅。
You should take good care of yourselves. 你們應該照顧好你們自己。
但在表示位置的一些介詞之后常用代詞賓格代替反身代詞。如:
I looked around me. 我環(huán)顧四周。
He closed the door after him. 他隨手關上了門。
二、作主語或賓語的同位語,常置于與之同位的詞后面,也可在句末。如:
I myself opened the windows. / I opened the windows myself. 我自己開的窗。
Do you see the teacher himself?你見到老師本人了?
三、反身代詞有時可以用作主語或表語。如:
Both my sister and myself wanted to go and work there. 我妹妹和我自己都想去那兒工作。
That’s herself. 那就是她自己。
四、一般不用作定語。如:
那些是他們自己的自行車。
錯誤:Those are themselves bikes.
正確:Those are their own bikes.
Those are bikes of their own.
當one指人時,其相應的反身代詞通常用oneself,在美國英語中也可用himself。如:
One should not live for oneself(himself)alone. 一個人不應該只為自己活著。
五、反身代詞常和某些動詞連用。如:enjoy,help,teach,learn,look after,hurt,dress等。
enjoy oneself玩得開心 have a good time玩得開心 help oneself to...(招待用語)隨便吃……
teach oneself / learn by oneself自學…… look after oneself? ?照顧自己
hurt oneself傷著自己 dress oneself? ?自己穿衣服