摘要 [目的]探究多穗柯矮化密植葉用林的經(jīng)營效果。[方法]以株行距180 cm×180 cm傳統(tǒng)密度營造的多穗柯林分為對照(CK),研究矮化密植(種植密度為6 273株/hm2)對多穗柯的生長狀況、鮮葉質(zhì)量(嫩枝、嫩葉)、采摘工效等經(jīng)營效果的影響。[結(jié)果]矮化密植處理的株數(shù)比CK處理增加117.4%,樹高降低71.1%,枝下高較低,總分枝數(shù)略有降低,但5級及以上分枝數(shù)顯著增加,鮮葉質(zhì)量明顯提高,兩者間單株總鮮葉質(zhì)量在0.05水平存在顯著差異,單位面積鮮葉質(zhì)量在0.01水平存在顯著差異。矮化密植林分站立采摘率達(dá)100%,而CK的站立采摘率僅30.4%~31.5%,矮化密植處理采摘速度較CK處理提高3倍多。[結(jié)論]采用矮化密植技術(shù)措施處理多穗柯葉用林具有良好的經(jīng)營效果,可以在適當(dāng)?shù)牡貐^(qū)推廣應(yīng)用。
關(guān)鍵詞 多穗柯;矮化密植;經(jīng)營效果;鮮葉質(zhì)量
中圖分類號 S 792.99? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A? 文章編號 0517-6611(2021)19-0117-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.029
開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID):
Effects of Dwarf Dense Planting on Growth Status and Management Effect of ?Lithocarpus polystachyus
LIAO Chao-hui
(State Owned Forest Farm of Jianning,F(xiàn)ujian Province,Jianning,F(xiàn)ujian 354500)
Abstract [Objective]To study the management effect of dwarf dense leaf plantation of ?Lithocarpus polystachyus .[Method]The row spacing 180 cm × 180 cm stand was used as control to study the effects of dwarf dense planting (planting density of 6 273 plants/hm2) on the growth status, fresh leaf quality (twigs and leaves), picking efficiency and so on. [Result]Compared with CK treatment, the number of plants in dwarf dense planting treatment increased by 117.4%, the tree height decreased by 71.1%, the height under branches was low, and the total number of branches decreased slightly, but the number of branches of grade 5 and above increased significantly, and the quality of fresh leaves was significantly improved. There was a significant difference in the total fresh leaf quality of a single plant at the level of 0.05 and the fresh leaf quality of a single area at the level of 0.01.The standing picking rate of dwarf dense planting stand was 100%, while that of CK was only 30.4%-31.5%. The picking speed of dwarf dense planting treatment was more than 3 times higher than that of CK treatment.[Conclusion]The dwarf dense planting technique has good management effect and can be popularized in appropriate areas.
Key words ?Lithocarpus polystachyus ;Dwarf dense planting;Operating effect;Fresh leaf quality
基金項(xiàng)目 福建省林業(yè)廳科研項(xiàng)目“多穗柯甜茶葉用林經(jīng)營技術(shù)研究”(閩林科便函〔2018〕26號)。
作者簡介 廖朝暉(1975—),男,福建建寧人,工程師,從事森林培育及林業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)研究。
鳴? 謝 感謝福建省建寧國有林場劉敬灶、蔡世鋒等林業(yè)技術(shù)人員給予悉心指導(dǎo)和大力支持。
收稿日期 2021-04-29
多穗柯( Lithocarpus polystachyus ?Rehd)為殼斗科喬木樹種,是中亞熱帶常綠闊葉林組成樹種之一。多穗柯枝葉含有豐富的黃酮類物質(zhì),是我國傳統(tǒng)的藥理保健植物,具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗過敏以及抗腫瘤、降脂等功效[1-3]。葉片中二氫查耳酮含量高達(dá)12.0%[4]。二氫查耳酮甜度高,但無熱值或低熱值,無毒副作用,是糖尿病和心血管病人可食用的甜味劑[5],因此成為優(yōu)良的天然甜味劑[6]。多穗柯是當(dāng)今許多國家尋找的茶、糖、藥三合一的第三代新茶源[4,7],具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景和潛在的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。多穗柯與大多數(shù)殼斗科植物相似,屬于合軸式生長的枝系[8],具有較明顯的主干,樹體較高大,相對枝葉量較少,采摘也不方便。在經(jīng)營密度上,閩西北用材林造林株行距一般為(1.8~2.0) m×(1.8~2.0) m,而生產(chǎn)鮮葉質(zhì)量為主的栽培模式往往采取矮化密植的技術(shù)措施,至于針對如何選擇經(jīng)營密度有待研究。