“黑匣子”之父

◎ 涂淑梅

飛行事故的調(diào)查過(guò)程，往往是復(fù)雜而充滿懸念的，“黑匣子”在其中往往是解開(kāi)事故之謎的“關(guān)鍵鑰匙”。那到底什么時(shí)候才出現(xiàn)真正意義上的“黑匣子”呢？本期就讓我們一起了解“黑匣子”發(fā)明者的故事吧！

David Warren was a research scientist at the Aeronautical Research Laboratory (ARL) in Melbourne.

In the mid-1950s, he was involved in the accident investigations related to the mysterious crash of the world’s first jet-powered commercial aircraft,the “Comet”. It occurred to Dave that it would be extremely useful if there had been a recording of what had happened in the airplane immediately prior to the crash.

David then1)recall [r??k??l] v. 回憶起；使想起recalled the world’s first2)miniature [?m?n?t??(r)] adj. 小型的；微小的miniature recorder that he had recently seen at a trade fair. Suddenly he could3)visualize [?v??u?la?z] v. 使形象化；想象visualize such a recorder placed in all aircraft, continually recordinɡ details and able to be recovered after a crash.

David drew on his early work experience as a teacher, rememberinɡ

詞組加油站

be involved in 參與；涉及；卷入

it occurs to sb. that 某人突然想起

prior to 在……之前

draw on 利用；憑借;（時(shí)光）漸漸過(guò)去“show and tell” was more effective than just “tell”. He decided in his own time, to build a4)demonstration [?dem?n?stre??n] n. 示范表演，演示demonstration recorder.

Thus, the first “black box” was born.

It was in 1958, durinɡ an informal visit to ARL by Sir Robert Hardinɡham, the Royal Air Force former Vice-Marshal, that the5)breakthrouɡh [?bre?kθru?] n. 突破，突破性進(jìn)展breakthrough occurred. Straightaway Sir Robert saw the6)potential [p??ten?l ] n. 潛力，潛能potential.

The black box was also successfully demonstrated in Canada. Back

in Australia, plans were made for further development and production.

It was only after the crash of a Fokker Friendship at Mackay

(Queensland) in 1960 that the inquiry judɡe stronɡly7)recommend [?rek??mend] v. 推薦，介紹；勸告，建議recommended that black box fliɡht recorders be8)install [?n?st??l] v. 安裝，安置installed in all airliners.

Australia then became the first country in the world to make cockpitvoice recording9)compulsory [k?m?p?ls?ri] adj. 強(qiáng)制的，必修的compulsory.

Since that time, David Warren’s invention, the black box fliɡht recorder, has been universally adopted as a means to investiɡate accidents and to prevent their recurrence.

The black box fliɡht recorder has proved itself with its10)siɡnificant [s?ɡ?n?f?k?nt] adj. 重大的，有意義的significant contribution to international airline safety.

戴維·沃倫是墨爾本航空研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室的一名研究科學(xué)家。

20 世紀(jì)50 年代中期，戴維參與了與世界上第一架?chē)姎馐矫窈娇蜋C(jī)“彗星”號(hào)神秘墜毀有關(guān)的事故調(diào)查。戴維想：如果有一份飛機(jī)墜毀前發(fā)生的事情的記錄，將會(huì)非常有用。

然后，戴維想起了他最近在一個(gè)貿(mào)易展覽會(huì)上看到的世界上第一個(gè)微型記錄器。突然間，他可以想象這樣一個(gè)記錄器被放置在所有飛機(jī)上，不斷地記錄航班飛行細(xì)節(jié)，并能在墜機(jī)后恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)的場(chǎng)景。

戴維借鑒了自己早期作為教師的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一直謹(jǐn)記著“展示和講述”比僅僅“講述”更加有效。他決定利用自己的私人時(shí)間，發(fā)明一個(gè)展示型的記錄器。

因此，第一個(gè)“黑匣子”誕生了。

1958 年，英國(guó)皇家空軍前副司令羅伯特·哈丁漢姆爵士對(duì)墨爾本航空研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室的一次非正式訪問(wèn)中，“黑匣子”的發(fā)展有了突破性的進(jìn)展。羅伯特爵士一眼就看出了“黑匣子”的價(jià)值。

“黑匣子”也在加拿大成功地進(jìn)行了演示。戴維回到澳大利亞后，制訂了“黑匣子”進(jìn)一步研發(fā)與生產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃。

直到1960 年，一架“福克友誼”號(hào)飛機(jī)在麥基（澳大利亞昆士蘭州）墜毀后，調(diào)查法官才強(qiáng)烈建議在所有客機(jī)上安裝“黑匣子”。

隨后，澳大利亞成為世界上第一個(gè)強(qiáng)制規(guī)定駕駛艙必須配備語(yǔ)音記錄儀器的國(guó)家。

從那時(shí)起，戴維·沃倫的發(fā)明——“黑匣子”被普遍采用，成為調(diào)查事故和防止事故再次發(fā)生的一種手段。

“黑匣子”對(duì)國(guó)際航空安全做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，證明了自身極強(qiáng)的適用性。

Know More

“黑匣子”，學(xué)名為“飛行參數(shù)記錄器”?？蜋C(jī)上安裝的飛行參數(shù)記錄器有兩個(gè)：一個(gè)是飛機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)記錄器，負(fù)責(zé)記錄飛行時(shí)間、速度、高度、飛機(jī)舵面偏度、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速等數(shù)據(jù)；另一個(gè)是座艙話音記錄器，負(fù)責(zé)記錄機(jī)上空勤人員的對(duì)話、機(jī)上與地面的通話，以及機(jī)艙里的各種聲音?！昂谙蛔印钡耐鈿こ尸F(xiàn)明亮的橘紅色并配有發(fā)光帶，這樣在飛機(jī)失事時(shí)，外表醒目的“黑匣子”就會(huì)比較容易被找到。