張曉敏
Thereisnobenefittodoingmorethanfivehoursofhighintensityexerciseaweek,aHarvardstudyhasfound,asitdoesnothelptostaveoffanuntimelydeath.
However,pushingyourbodyashardasyoucandoesnothaveanydamaginghealtheffects,assomepreviousstudieshaveclaimed.
A30-yearHarvardstudyof100,000Americanslookedathowexerciseimpactedaperson'sriskofdeath.
Itfoundthatdoing75minutesofvigorousexerciseaweek,therecommendedamount,slashestheriskofdyingfromcardiovasculardiseaseby31percent.
Peoplewhodotwicethis—twoandahalfhoursofintenseexerciseaweek—wereshowntobenefitslightly,furtherreducingthethreatofdeathbybetweentwoandfourpercent.
However,fitnessfanaticswhodomorethanfourtimestherecommendedamountofvigorousweeklyexercise—300minutes,orfivehours—donotgetanyadditionalbenefit,datashow.
Benefitofprolongedintenseexercise“remainsunclear”.
哈佛大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),每周進(jìn)行五小時(shí)以上的高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)無(wú)法獲得更多益處,對(duì)于避免過(guò)早死亡沒(méi)有幫助。
然而,與此前的研究結(jié)果不同的是,盡可能多運(yùn)動(dòng)并不會(huì)對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生任何損害。
哈佛大學(xué)對(duì)10萬(wàn)名美國(guó)人進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)為期30年的研究,分析運(yùn)動(dòng)如何影響一個(gè)人的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),每周進(jìn)行75分鐘的劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)(每周建議劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)量)可以將死于心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低31%。
研究表明,每周進(jìn)行兩個(gè)半小時(shí)劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)(每周建議劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)量的兩倍)的人獲得的益處更大一點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步將死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了2%至4%。
然而,數(shù)據(jù)顯示,每周進(jìn)行5小時(shí)劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)(每周建議劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)量四倍以上)的健身狂并沒(méi)有額外獲益。
長(zhǎng)時(shí)間劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)的益處“尚不清楚”。
Thesametrendwasseenformoderateactivities,includingwalking.Tenhoursofmoderateexercise—fourtimestherecommendedweeklyactivitylevel—hadnobenefits,butalsonoharms.
Intheirstudy,publishedinthejournalCirculation,theresearcherswrote:“Higherlevelsofeitherlong-termleisuretimevigorousphysicalactivity(morethan300minutesaweek)ormoderatephysicalactivity(morethan600minutesperweek)didnotclearlyshowfurtherlowerall-cause,cardiovasculardisease,andnon-cardiovasculardiseasemortalityorharm.”
HoonLee,studyauthor,fromtheHarvardTHChanSchoolofPublicHealth,inBoston,added:“Thepotentialimpactofphysicalactivityonhealthisgreat,yetitremainsunclearwhetherengaginginhighlevelsofprolonged,vigorousormoderateintensityphysicalactivityabovetherecommendedlevelsprovidesanyadditionalbenefitsorharmfuleffectsoncardiovascularhealth.”
Previousresearchhadclaimedthatdoingtoomuchexercisecouldbeharmfulandmayactuallyincreaseaperson'sriskofanearlydeathbyputtingaddedstrainontheirorgans.
Butthenewstudyfindsthattobeuntrue,asevenpeopledoingmorethanfivehoursaweekofintenseactivityshowednoadversehealtheffects.
“Thisfindingmayreducetheconcernsaroundthepotentialharmfuleffectofengaginginhighlevelsofphysicalactivityobservedinseveralpreviousstudies,”notedMrLee.
“Ourstudyprovidesevidencetoguideindividualstochoosetherightamountandintensityofphysicalactivityovertheirlifetimetomaintaintheiroverallhealth.”
走路等適度運(yùn)動(dòng)也呈現(xiàn)出同樣的趨勢(shì)。十個(gè)小時(shí)的適度運(yùn)動(dòng)(每周建議運(yùn)動(dòng)量的4倍)既沒(méi)有益處,也沒(méi)有害處。
該研究發(fā)表在《循環(huán)》雜志上,研究人員寫(xiě)道:“無(wú)論是長(zhǎng)期的高強(qiáng)度劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)(每周超過(guò)300分鐘)還是適度活動(dòng)(每周超過(guò)600分鐘),都沒(méi)有明確證據(jù)證明能進(jìn)一步降低全因死亡率,無(wú)論是心血管疾病導(dǎo)致的,還是非心血管疾病導(dǎo)致的死亡?!?/p>
該研究論文作者、波士頓哈佛陳曾熙公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的李勛(音譯)表示:“體育運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)健康的潛在影響很大,但目前尚不清楚長(zhǎng)時(shí)間、劇烈或中等強(qiáng)度的體育活動(dòng)是否會(huì)對(duì)心血管健康產(chǎn)生額外的益處或害處?!?/p>
此前的研究表明,運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)量可能有害,并可能因增加器官負(fù)擔(dān)而增大過(guò)早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
但這項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這種說(shuō)法不成立,因?yàn)榧词谷藗兠恐苓M(jìn)行五個(gè)小時(shí)以上的劇烈活動(dòng),也不會(huì)對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生不利影響。
李勛指出:“這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)減少人們對(duì)先前幾項(xiàng)研究中觀察到的高強(qiáng)度體力活動(dòng)的潛在有害影響的擔(dān)憂(yōu)?!?/p>
“我們的研究提供了依據(jù),人們可以據(jù)此選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)量和強(qiáng)度,以保持健康?!?/p>