文/王逢鑫

“打招呼”的第一個意思是“問候”。英語名詞可以譯為greeting。英語動詞可以譯為to greet sb、to say hello to sb。例如：

1.“打招呼”是社交最重要的方面之一。每種文化都有其獨(dú)特的打招呼方式。Greeting is one of the most important aspects of socializing.Each culture has its unique way of greeting people.

2.看見熟人打招呼是一種普通禮節(jié)。It is a common courtesy to greet people you know.

3.女主人微笑著向賓客打招呼。The hostess greeted the guests with a smile.4.我請約翰替我問候彼得。I asked John to say hello to Peter for me.

“相互打招呼”或“互致問候”，英語可以譯為to greet each other、to say hello to each other、to exchange hellos 或to exchange greetings。例如：

5.這對冤家相互打招呼，勉強(qiáng)微笑了一下。The two opponents said hello to each other and forced a smile.

6.這兩個鄰國元首互致問候后，坐下來開始會談。After the heads of state from the two neighbouring countries exchanged greetings, they sat down and began to talk.

人們打招呼，常用言語交流方式（verbal means of communication）。英語最簡便的用語是Hello 或Hi。例如：

7.當(dāng)你遇見熟人時，用“哈羅”來打招呼。Hello is used as a greeting when you meet someone you know.

8.嗨！湯姆，你好嗎？ Hi! Tom! How are you?

在不同的時段，英語分別用Good morning（早上好）、Good afternoon（下午好）、Good evening（晚上好）和Good night（晚安）表示問候。

在我國，人們早晨上班時相遇，來不及寒暄，就簡單說一聲“早”。英語國家的人們會簡短地說Morning，甚至Ning。上個世紀(jì)80 年代初，我在英國愛丁堡大學(xué)教書時，早晨上班時常聽見師生們匆忙擦肩而過說一聲Ning。

英語國家的人們也用Good morning 和Good night 作為告別時的用語。上個世紀(jì)90 年代初，我在加拿大訪問一位大學(xué)教授。約定中午12 點(diǎn)在他下課后見面。我們談話兩個鐘頭。告別時，他對我說Good morning。我愣了一下，心想：“怎么下午兩點(diǎn)了，還說Good morning？”忽然明白，他還沒有吃午飯。對他來說午飯前意味著morning 尚未過去。午飯前都可以說Good morning。

我走出大學(xué)校門，搭乘公交返回住處。下車時，司機(jī)對我說Good night。我看了一下表，才兩點(diǎn)半，心想：“怎么晚上還沒到，他就提前說Good night？我的 afternoon 和evening 哪里去了？”又一想，我恍然大悟，他以為我下班回家，是當(dāng)天最后一次見面。一天中的晚些時候，最后告別時可以說Good night。原來我們與英語國家的人們有如此大的文化差異。

人們打招呼，還用非言語交流方式（non-verbal means of communication）。不同的民族有不同的問候方式，常見的有“握手”（handshake; to shake hands with sb）、“鞠躬”（bow; to bow / to make a bow）、“把手放胸前”（to put one’s hand on one’s chest / to raise one’s hand to one’s chest / to hold one’s hand against one’s chest）、“擁抱”（embrace/hug; to embrace sb / to hug sb / to give sb a hug / to hold sb in arms）、“碰肘”（elbow bump; to touch, tap or bump elbows）、“碰鼻子”（nose-rubbing; to rub noses）、“親吻面頰”（kiss on the cheek; to kiss sb on the cheek）、“合十禮”（namaskar）和“揮手”（to wave a hand）等。例如：

9.主人來到門口同客人握手表示歡迎。The host came to the door to welcome his guests with a handshake.

10.用右手握手是一種人們接受的和公認(rèn)的習(xí)俗。握右手，過去通常表明此人沒有攜帶任何兵器，向他人表示友善歡迎。Using the right hand to shake hands with someone is an accepted and recognized convention.The shaking of the right hand used to indicate that the person was not carrying any weapons, offering a friendly welcome to the other person.

11.學(xué)生們彬彬有禮地鞠躬，問候他們的數(shù)學(xué)老師。

1）The students greeted their math teacher with a polite bow.

2）The students politely bowed to their math teacher as a greeting.

3）The students made a polite bow to their math teacher as a greeting.

12.在泰國和印度尼西亞，人們把手放在胸前作為打招呼的方式。

1）In Thailand and Indonesia, people put their hands on their chests as a greeting.

2）In Thailand and Indonesia, people raised their hands to their chests as a greeting.

3）In Thailand and Indonesia, people held their hands against their chests as a greeting.

13.當(dāng)母親看見她的小兒子時，她張開雙臂,緊緊地?fù)肀Я怂?When Mother saw her young son, she opened her arms and gave him a close hug.

14.碰肘是一種非正式的問候方式，兩人輕觸、輕擊或撞擊肘部。Elbow bump is an informal greeting where two people touch, tap or bump elbows.

15.碰肘受到普遍歡迎，是因?yàn)榕鲋鈩幼髯鹬貛缀跛形幕碾[私習(xí)俗，同時也具有極衛(wèi)生的特點(diǎn)。Elbow bump has gained in popularity because it respects the privacy customs of nearly all cultures, and has excellent hygienic qualities.

16.這些外國游客在新西蘭受到毛利人傳統(tǒng)的碰鼻禮歡迎。These foreign visitors got a traditional nose-rubbing welcome from the Maori people in New Zealand.

17.法國以其浪漫的問候方式著稱。他們碰觸他人面頰，并發(fā)出親吻的聲音。France is famous for its romantic greeting method.They touch others’cheeks and make a kissing sound.

18.在印度，大多數(shù)人行合十禮作為問候，將手掌合攏放在面前或胸前，并微微鞠躬。In India, most people perform a namaskar as a greeting, which involves placing one’s palms together before the face or chest with a slight bow.

19.阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國政府現(xiàn)在鼓勵其公民簡單地?fù)]手表示對他人的熱烈歡迎。The UAE governments now encourage their citizens to simply wave a hand to show a warm welcome to others.

“打招呼”的第二個意思是“事前或事后就某件事情或某項(xiàng)問題予以通知或關(guān)照”，沒有“問候”的意思。英語可以譯為 to notify、to let sb know。例如：

20.我已經(jīng)給你們打過招呼。你們怎么還執(zhí)意這樣干？I have already notified you.Why should you insist on doing so?

21.如果您需要幫忙，盡管打招呼，別猶豫。Please do not hesitate to let me know if you want/need any help.□