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      聚乙二醇干擾素α-2b治療慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBsAg清除率的效果分析

      2023-04-29 00:44:03李寬寧會(huì)彬靳慧鳴彭真尚佳
      臨床肝膽病雜志 2023年8期
      關(guān)鍵詞:單用聚乙二醇基線

      李寬 寧會(huì)彬 靳慧鳴 彭真 尚佳

      摘要:目的真實(shí)世界中評(píng)價(jià)聚乙二醇干擾素α-2b(PEG-IFNα-2b)在治療慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)中清除HBsAg的效果。方法回顧性納入2017年6月—2021年1月就診于河南省人民醫(yī)院感染科的411例CHB患者,所有患者均應(yīng)用PEG-IFNα-2b治療。收集患者性別、年齡、抗病毒治療方案、基線HBsAg水平、治療后HBsAg水平,觀察分析24、48及96周HBsAg清除率。在不同HBsAg基線水平(<500 IU/mL、500~1 500 IU/mL、1 501~5 000 IU/mL)及不同既往治療情況和治療方案后應(yīng)用PEG-IFNα-2b,比較各隨訪節(jié)點(diǎn)的HBsAg清除率。計(jì)量資料兩組間比較采用成組t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)和趨勢性χ2檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果完成24周治療患者HBsAg清除率9.9%(26/263)。完成48周治療患者HBsAg清除率19.7%(25/127)。完成96周治療患者HBsAg清除率41.7%(30/72)。不同基線HBsAg水平患者治療24、48及96周時(shí)HBsAg清除率比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2值分別為52.265、32.764、30.918,P值均<0.01),隨著治療時(shí)間延長,HBsAg清除率逐漸升高,并且這種趨勢有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(趨勢χ2值分別為44.517、29.147、22.260,P值均<0.01)。隨訪24、48及96周時(shí),HBsAg 500~1 500 IU/mL組和1 501~5? ?000 IU/mL組的HBsAg清除率較HBsAg<500 IU/mL組均明顯下降(P值均<0.001)。在治療24、48及96周時(shí),治療情況(初治或經(jīng)治)及治療方案(單用或聯(lián)合)患者相比較,僅初治與經(jīng)治組在男女比例上存在差異(χ2=5.029,P=0.025);初治或經(jīng)治組間、單用或聯(lián)合治療組間HBsAg清除率比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均>0.05)。結(jié)論P(yáng)EG-IFNα-2b在治療CHB中對(duì)清除HBsAg有良好的效果,并且基線HBsAg水平越低,HBsAg清除率越高,隨著治療時(shí)間的延長,HBsAg清除率呈上升趨勢。基線HBsAg 500 IU/mL可作為優(yōu)勢人群的分界點(diǎn)。

      關(guān)鍵詞:聚乙二醇干擾素α-2b; 乙型肝炎, 慢性; 乙型肝炎表面抗原

      基金項(xiàng)目:中國降低乙肝患者肝癌發(fā)生率研究(綠洲)工程項(xiàng)目(LZGC2022-03)

      Effect of pegylated interferon α-2b on serum HBsAg clearance rate in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis

      B LI Kuan, NING Huibin, JIN Huiming, PENG Zhen, SHANG Jia. (Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China)

      Corresponding author:SHANG Jia, shangjia666@126.com (ORCID:0000-0001-9197-8773)

      Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of pegylated interferon α-2b (PEG-IFNα-2b) on HBsAg clearance in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in a real-world setting. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 411 CHB patients who attended Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, from June 2017 to January 2021, and all these patients were treated with PEG-IFNα-2b. Related clinical data were collected, including sex, age, antiviral treatment regimen, baseline HBsAg level, and post-treatment HBsAg level, and HBsAg clearance rate was observed at 24, 48, and 96 weeks. HBsAg clearance rate at different time points of follow-up was compared between the patients with different baseline HBsAg levels (<500 IU/mL, 500-1 500 IU/mL, and 1 501-5 000 IU/mL) or with the use of PEG-IFNα-2b after different previous treatment conditions and regimens. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test and the trend chi-square test were used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsThe HBsAg clearance rate was 9.9% (26/263) in the patients who completed 24 weeks of treatment, 19.7% (25/127) in the patients who completed 48 weeks of treatment, and 41.7% (30/72) in the patients who completed 96 weeks of treatment. There was a significant difference in HBsAg clearance rate between the patients with different baseline HBsAg levels at 24, 48, and 96 weeks of treatment (χ2=52.265, 32.764, and 30.918, all P<0.01), and HBsAg clearance rate gradually increased over the time of treatment (χ2trend=44.517, 29.147, and 22.260, all P<0.01). Compared with the HBsAg <500 IU/mL group, the 500-1 500 IU/mL group and the 1 501-5 000 IU/mL group had a significant reduction in HBsAg clearance rate at 24, 48, and 96 weeks of follow-up (all P<0.001). As for the comparison of the patients with different treatment conditions (previously untreated or treatment-experienced) and treatment regimens (monotherapy or combined therapy) at 24, 48, and 96 weeks of treatment, there was a significant difference in fame/female ration between the previously untreated group and the treatment-experienced group (χ2=5.029, P=0.025), and there was no significant difference in HBsAg clearance rate between the previously untreated group and the treatment-experienced group and between the monotherapy group and the combined therapy group (all P>0.05). ConclusionPEG-IFNα-2b has a marked effect on HBsAg clearance in the treatment of CHB, and patients with a lower baseline HBsAg level tend to have a higher HBsAg clearance rate. HBsAg clearance rate tends to increase over the time of treatment. A baseline HBsAg level of 500 IU/mL can be used as the cut-off point to identify the dominant population.

      Key words:Pegylated Interferon α-2b; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatitis B Surface AntigensResearch funding:China

      Research on Reducing the Incidence of Liver Cancer in Hepatitis B Patients (Oasis) Project(LZGC2022-03)

      慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)是由HBV感染引起的慢性傳染性疾病,是引起肝炎肝硬化、肝衰竭和肝癌的主要原因之一。規(guī)范有效的抗病毒治療是控制疾病進(jìn)展、降低HBV感染相關(guān)終末期肝病發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的重要手段。近年來,多項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)CHB患者獲得血清HBsAg清除后可使肝癌發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到最低。相對(duì)于核苷(酸)類似物,由于具有直接抗病毒和免疫調(diào)節(jié)雙重作用, IFNα治療在清除血清HBsAg方面更具優(yōu)勢。本研究旨在評(píng)價(jià)真實(shí)世界應(yīng)用聚乙二醇干擾素α-2b(PEG-IFNα-2b)治療CHB患者清除血清HBsAg的效果。

      1資料與方法

      1.1一般資料納入2017年6月—2021年1月本科診治的CHB患者,所有患者符合《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2019年版) 》[1]診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且符合以下納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)血清 HBsAg 陽性,HBV DNA陽性;(2)患者臨床檢查結(jié)果及既往病史排除失代償期肝硬化,包括有消化道出血、腹水、肝性腦病等并發(fā)癥病史;(3)臨床檢查證據(jù)排除無IFNα禁忌證;(4)女性患者在治療期間無生育要求,孕產(chǎn)婦不能入組;(5)簽署IFN知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn): 合并心肺腎等重要臟器疾病,妊娠或哺乳期婦女,合并HCV或HIV感染;臨床明確診斷為肝硬化、肝癌或其他系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤,合并自身免疫性、遺傳性肝病或藥物性肝損傷,酗酒或吸毒者。

      1.2治療方法給予所有患者PEG-IFNα-2b (廈門特寶生物工程股份有限公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字 S20160001) 180 μg皮下注射,1次/周。

      1.3血清HBV標(biāo)志物檢測使用雅培I-2000全自動(dòng)免疫分析儀和Abbort公司配套Architect HBV標(biāo)志物檢測試劑盒檢測。

      1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)量資料以x±s表示,兩組間比較采用成組t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)和趨勢性χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2結(jié)果

      2.1人口學(xué)資料及基線情況共入組411例患者,男287例(69.8%),女124例(30.2%),年齡為(36.4±8.7)歲,平均病程(60.3±9.9)個(gè)月,核苷(酸)類似物經(jīng)治338例(82.2%),IFN單用106例(25.8%),IFN聯(lián)合核苷(酸)類似物305例(74.2%),HBeAg陽性94例(22.9%),ALT異常108例(26.3%)。

      2.2基本療效和血清HBsAg陰轉(zhuǎn)情況完成24周治療患者263例,其中HBsAg轉(zhuǎn)陰26例(9.9%);完成48周治療患者127例,其中HBsAg轉(zhuǎn)陰25例(19.7%);完成96周治療患者72例(41.7%),其中HBsAg轉(zhuǎn)陰30例(41.7%)。不同基線HBsAg水平患者治療24、48及96周時(shí)HBsAg清除率比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.01),隨著治療時(shí)間延長, HBsAg清除率逐漸升高,并且這種趨勢有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(趨勢χ2值分別為44.517、29.147、22.260,P值均<0.01)。進(jìn)一步組內(nèi)比較顯示:隨訪24、48及96周時(shí),HBsAg 500~1 500 IU/mL組和1 501~5 000 IU/mL組的HBsAg清除率較HBsAg<500 IU/mL組均明顯下降(P值均<0.001)(表1)。

      根據(jù)既往治療情況(初治或經(jīng)治)及治療方案(單用或聯(lián)合)對(duì)患者分組比較,僅初治與經(jīng)治組在男女比例上差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.025),其他基線指標(biāo)在初治或經(jīng)治組間、單用或聯(lián)合組間差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均>0.05)。在治療24、48及96周時(shí),初治或經(jīng)治組間、單用或聯(lián)合組間HBsAg清除率比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均>0.05)(表2)。

      2.3合并癥和不良事件情況411例CHB患者中,76例合并基礎(chǔ)疾病,其中合并糖尿病7例(1.7%),高血壓病15例(3.6%),吉爾伯特綜合征27例(6.6%),低骨量47例(11.4%)。245例合并其他用藥,粒細(xì)胞集落刺激因子180例(43.8%),甘草酸二胺112例(27.3%),氟哌噻噸美利曲辛87例(21.1%),氨氯地平11例(2.7%),硝苯地平4例(1.0%),二甲雙胍6例(1.5%),胰島素1例(0.2%)。主要不良事件為骨髓抑制、焦慮、失眠、乏力, 167例患者出現(xiàn)中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)<2×109/L,給予粒細(xì)胞集落刺激因子治療,11例患者因血小板計(jì)數(shù)<30×109/L,給予停藥觀察,87例患者出現(xiàn)焦慮癥狀,給予氟哌噻噸美利曲辛藥物治療,1例出現(xiàn)皮下軟組織感染,給予停藥觀察后緩解,無進(jìn)一步嚴(yán)重不良事件發(fā)生。

      3討論根據(jù)《2020中國衛(wèi)生健康統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》[2]發(fā)布的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示,我國2019年仍然有超過100萬的新發(fā)乙型肝炎患者。《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2019年版)》[1]中指出,我國慢性HBV感染者約7 000萬例,其中CHB患者為2 000萬~3 000萬例。2020年最新數(shù)據(jù)[3]顯示, 2020年中國新發(fā)肝癌病例數(shù)為 410 038 例,因肝癌死亡人數(shù)為391 152例,而我國肝癌由HBV感染引起的比例高達(dá)92.05%。2015年《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》[4]同國際接軌,將CHB的治療終點(diǎn)分為基本終點(diǎn)(HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰)、滿意終點(diǎn)(HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換)及理想終點(diǎn)(HBsAg清除)。隨著治療目標(biāo)的逐步實(shí)現(xiàn),CHB患者的5年肝癌累積發(fā)生率逐步遞減,從獲得基本終點(diǎn)的3.6%~11.4%[5-7],下降到獲得滿意終點(diǎn)的<2.58%[8],再到獲得理想終點(diǎn)的僅1%左右[9-12]。目前我國最新CHB防治指南也積極推薦為對(duì)于部分適合條件的患者,應(yīng)追求臨床治愈,即功能性治愈或稱為臨床治愈[2]。雖然目前CHB仍然不能完全治愈,但通過實(shí)現(xiàn)HBsAg轉(zhuǎn)陰大大改善了患者遠(yuǎn)期結(jié)局。HBsAg清除成為CHB患者追求的主要目標(biāo)及各項(xiàng)研究的主要療效指標(biāo),且HBsAg被認(rèn)為是共價(jià)閉合環(huán)狀DNA轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的替代標(biāo)志物,同時(shí)也是HBV感染肝細(xì)胞的標(biāo)志物[13]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)根據(jù)CHB患者早期HBsAg應(yīng)答情況,可更好地預(yù)測臨床治愈情況。近期北京地壇醫(yī)院的相關(guān)研究[14]發(fā)現(xiàn)24周HBsAg水平對(duì)臨床治愈率的預(yù)測能力顯著優(yōu)于12周。2017年《聚乙二醇干擾素α治療慢性乙型肝炎專家共識(shí)》[15]及《慢性乙型肝炎臨床治愈(功能性治愈)專家共識(shí)》[16]中均采用了24周HBsAg水平來決策后續(xù)治療。

      相比核苷(酸)類似物, PEG-IFN具有直接抗病毒作用和免疫調(diào)節(jié)雙重作用,更容易使部分患者達(dá)到臨床治愈。為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),國內(nèi)外專家對(duì)臨床治愈的優(yōu)化治療方案的探索已經(jīng)持續(xù)了10余年,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)以PEG-IFNα為基礎(chǔ)的抗病毒治療更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)臨床治愈的目標(biāo)。相比PEG-IFNα-2a,國內(nèi)新藥PEG-IFNα-2b(Y型,40 kD)采用新型Y型分支聚乙二醇分子,選擇性修飾IFNα-2b 134位賴氨酸,在治療HBeAg陽性CHB患者的方案中具有相當(dāng)?shù)寞熜Ш桶踩裕?7]。另一方面,優(yōu)勢患者的治療策略在獲得臨床治愈方面隨著循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)的不斷累積逐漸受到專家的認(rèn)可和驗(yàn)證, OSST、S-C、NEW SWITCH等研究[18-21]證實(shí)了優(yōu)勢患者采用基于PEG-IFNα治療后可獲得30%~80%的臨床治愈率。優(yōu)勢患者為HBsAg水平較低,和/或HBeAg、HBV DNA水平低,且在治療過程中HBsAg指標(biāo)下降幅度較大的患者。本研究中基線HBsAg<500 IU/mL患者在治療同期的HBsAg清除率明顯高于其他兩組,可作為優(yōu)勢人群的分界點(diǎn)。對(duì)于HBsAg水平極低的非活動(dòng)性HBsAg攜帶者接受短期的PEG-IFNα-2b治療可獲得高達(dá)93.8%的HBsAg清除率[22]。一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究[23]顯示,與PEG-IFNα-2b單藥相比,恩替卡韋和PEG-IFNα-2b聯(lián)合治療病毒學(xué)應(yīng)答率更高,然而 HBsAg 陰轉(zhuǎn)率兩組間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(9.5% vs 4.8%)。另一項(xiàng)薈萃分析[24]顯示,與核苷(酸)類似物單藥治療相比, 初始聯(lián)合核苷(酸)類似物治療HBsAg清除率顯著升高,但與PEG-IFNα單藥相比, 聯(lián)合治療沒有顯著升高HBsAg清除率。本研究中24、48及96周隨訪患者中IFN單用和聯(lián)用并無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。本隨訪研究中完成96周治療患者72例,其中HBsAg轉(zhuǎn)陰30例(41.7%)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)HBsAg基線水平越低,在24、48及96周隨訪患者的HBsAg清除率越高,隨著治療時(shí)間的延長這種趨勢有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.01)。因此對(duì)于48周未獲得HBsAg清除的患者,除了依據(jù)HBsAg水平預(yù)測患者陰轉(zhuǎn)率之外,可根據(jù)患者情況來適當(dāng)延長PEG-IFNα療程,但具體的cut-off值還未達(dá)成共識(shí),而對(duì)于決定停藥的這部分患者,如何來進(jìn)一步追求臨床治愈,這都是今后需要探索的重要研究方向。來自加拿大的最新研究[25]發(fā)現(xiàn),IFNα治療HBeAg陽性CHB患者21周(中位)可獲得16.9%的HBsAg清除率,且IFNα治療后隨訪10年的累積HBsAg清除率達(dá)32%,另外也證實(shí)了HBeAg清除和HBsAg清除可顯著改善CHB患者的長期臨床結(jié)局。

      另外在治療過程中要關(guān)注IFN相關(guān)不良反應(yīng)的出現(xiàn)及處理,其中最常見不良事件包括流感樣癥狀、焦慮、骨髓抑制等,以輕度為主,及時(shí)給予對(duì)癥藥物治療。尤其是對(duì)于合并肝硬化患者需密切觀察。

      對(duì)于PEG-IFNα序貫/聯(lián)合治療優(yōu)勢患者的研究和理念一直在推進(jìn)和深入,CHB患者應(yīng)積極采取有效的抗病毒治療方案,追求臨床治愈,降低肝癌發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),爭取最大獲益。對(duì)于相關(guān)各項(xiàng)檢測指標(biāo)的分層細(xì)化,需要進(jìn)一步長期隨訪數(shù)據(jù),將會(huì)使得治療療程更加明確化。

      利益沖突聲明:本文不存在任何利益沖突。作者貢獻(xiàn)說明:李寬負(fù)責(zé)撰稿和收集數(shù)據(jù);靳慧明負(fù)責(zé)分析數(shù)據(jù);寧會(huì)彬、彭真負(fù)責(zé)收集數(shù)據(jù);尚佳負(fù)責(zé)指導(dǎo)寫作和最終定稿。

      參考文獻(xiàn):

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      收稿日期:2022-11-29;錄用日期:2023-02-01

      本文編輯:王瑩

      引證本文:LI K, NING HB, JIN HM, et al. Effect of pegylated interferon α-2b on serum HBsAg clearance rate in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39(8): 1819-1824.

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