崔玉華

扎龍

——丹頂鶴的故鄉(xiāng)

在中國東北的黑龍江省，有一條名為“烏裕爾”的內陸河。烏裕爾河從小興安嶺發(fā)源，蜿蜒流轉上千里，最終在齊齊哈爾市東部廣袤的蘆葦沼澤地消失蹤影。這片讓河流都喪失自我的沼澤地，就是扎龍國家級自然保護區(qū)。“扎龍”的意思是“飼養(yǎng)牛羊的圈”。保護區(qū)就像大自然的養(yǎng)殖場，是各種鳥獸魚蛙生存的地方，更是丹頂鶴的天堂。

保護區(qū)面積2 100 平方公里，是世界上最大的野生丹頂鶴棲息繁殖地。全世界丹頂鶴不足2 000 只，扎龍有其五分之一。

In Heilongiang Province inNortheast China， there is an inlandriver named “Wuyur”. It originates fromthe Lesser Khingan Range and windsits way for thousands of miles until itdisappears into the vast reed marshesin the eastern part of Qiqihar. Nestledwithin this marshland， a place whereeven rivers seem to lose themselves， liesthe Zhalong National Nature Reserve.The name “Zhalong” translates to“enclosure for raising cattle and sheep”.this reserve serves as a natural breedingground and habitat for various birds，animals， fish， and frogs. Above all， itstands as a sanctuary for red-crownedcranes. Covering an area of 2，100square kilometers， Zhalong holds thetitle of the world’s largest wild habitatand breeding ground for red-crownedcranes. Considering that there arefewer than 2，000 red-crowned cranesworldwide， Zhalong is home to one-fifthh of this precious population.

丹頂鶴

——東方文化的吉祥符號

丹頂鶴也是人們口中常說的“仙鶴”，有“濕地之神”的美譽。它有纖細的長腿、優(yōu)雅的脖頸、黑白分明的顏色，既亭亭玉立又仙風道骨，走到哪里都構成一幅水墨丹青。

The red-crowned crane， also knownas the fairy crane， is nicknamed the“god of wetland”. Its slender， long legs，graceful neck， and black and whiteplumage create an enchanting andethereal presence， reminiscent of an inkpainting come to life.

人們喜愛丹頂鶴的另一個原因是它們對后代關愛，對伴侶忠誠。雌雄丹頂鶴一旦結伴便不離不棄，相守終生。它們的生育率不高，每次只產蛋兩枚。之后一個月，丹頂鶴父母輪流孵化，不敢遠離。小鶴出生后，它們也一直帶在身邊，悉心照料，像極了人間的夫妻。

Another reason why people lovethe red-crowned crane is its care foroffspring and loyalty to its partner. Oncepaired， the red-crowned cranes neverpart ways and stay together for life.Although their reproductive rate is low，with only two eggs laid each time， thecrane parents take turns incubating theeggs for a month without venturing far.They keep the hatchling close by anddiligent care for it， resembling a devotedhuman couple.

丹頂鶴自古就受到文人墨客的青睞。北宋詩人林逋（別名“和靖”），不入仕為官，不結婚生子，終日植梅為妻，養(yǎng)鶴為子，愛鶴之情可見一斑。丹頂鶴也是長壽的象征，“松鶴延年”是古今畫家賀壽作品的永恒主題。

Throughout history， the red-crowned crane has been cherishedand celebrated by literati and poets alike. One such poet was Lin Bu，also known as He Jing， from the Northern Song Dynasty. Instead ofpursuing a traditional path of serving as an official， getting married，or having children， Lin Bu dedicated his days to nurturing plum treesas his spouse and raising cranes as his beloved children， showcasinghis profound fondness for these elegant birds. The red-crowned cranehas also long been associated with longevity. Chinese artists from bothancient and modern times often adopt the timeless theme of “Pine andCrane Prolonging Life” in their congratulatory artwork.

徐家兄妹

——丹頂鶴的守護神

“走過那條小河，你可曾聽說，有一位女孩，她曾經來過，走過這片蘆葦坡，你可曾聽說，有一位女孩，她留下一首歌，為何片片白云悄悄落淚，為何陣陣風兒輕聲訴說，還有一群丹頂鶴輕輕地、輕輕地飛過?！?/p>

“Have you ever heard the tale of the girl who once gracedthat riverbank？ Have you caught wind of the girl who leftbehind a melody while strolling along the reed-covered slope？Why do the ivory clouds weep silent tears？ Why does thetender breeze murmur her name with a flock of red-crownedcranes gliding through the skies？”

這首歌曾經唱遍大江南北，不只因為其旋律優(yōu)美，更因為其中有護鶴人堅守的靈魂。歌曲中的女孩叫徐秀娟，她出生在黑龍江齊齊哈爾市一個養(yǎng)鶴世家，從小喜愛丹頂鶴，也致力于丹頂鶴的保護和繁殖。不幸的是，她的生命終止在23 歲，1987 年她因尋找走失的丹頂鶴犧牲在沼澤地中。

This song has traveled far and wide， not just for itsenchanting melody but also for the spirit of the craneprotectors it embodies. The girl at the heart of this balladis Xu Xiujuan， born into a family that nurtured cranes inQiqihar. From a tender age， she was captivated bythe red-crowned cranes and dedicated herself totheir preservation and reproduction. Sadly， her lifewas cut short at the age of 23. In 1987， she made theultimate sacrifice in the marshlands while searchingfor a lost crane.

徐秀娟的故事在人們心中留下了一首歌，徐建峰的故事則在人們眼前鋪開了一幅畫。徐建峰是徐秀娟的弟弟，他1997 年退伍后放棄了穩(wěn)定的國企工作，回到保護區(qū)繼續(xù)姐姐未竟的事業(yè)——守護丹頂鶴。他在2014 年因公殉職時，已堅守扎龍18 個春秋。

Xu Xiujuan’s story has left a song in people’shearts， while Xu Jianfeng’s story has unfoldedbefore people’s eyes. Xu Jianfeng， Xu Xiujuan’syounger brother， gave up his stable job in a stateownedenterprise a er being discharged from thearmy in 1977. He returned to the nature reserveto continue his sister’s unfinished mission —protecting the red-crowned cranes. When he diedin the line of duty in 2014， he had devoted himselfto this cause for 18 long years.

徐家兄妹對丹頂鶴的珍惜和呵護，也代表了所有扎龍守鶴人對丹頂鶴的珍惜和呵護。扎龍人世代辛苦勞作，守護著丹頂鶴的家，也建設著自己的家。

The tenderness and dedication demonstratedby the Xu siblings towards the red-crownedcranes also mirror the love and care shown byall those who protect these birds in Zhalong. Forgenerations， the people here have toiled tirelessly，safeguarding the cranes’ habitat while nurturingtheir own homes.

扎龍?zhí)剿?/p>

——濕地生態(tài)的保護

丹頂鶴的保護，單靠個體的力量是遠遠不夠的。野生丹頂鶴在繁殖期非常機警，為了躲避天敵和人類，高高的蘆葦是它們產卵、孵化、“帶娃”的最佳場所。但受自然和人為因素的影響，扎龍濕地一度出現(xiàn)降水減少、蘆葦退化的現(xiàn)象。為了濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的持續(xù)發(fā)展，為了保住丹頂鶴生存的家園，黑龍江省創(chuàng)先實施長效補水機制，每年投入數(shù)百萬元人民幣，引嫩江水入扎龍，這才逐漸使扎龍的魚類資源回復豐富，并保證了蘆葦?shù)漠a量。

The protection of red-crownedcranes cannot be left solely toindividual efforts. The wild cranesare incredibly cautious during thebreeding season， seeking refugeamidst tall reeds to safeguardthemselves and their young frompredators and human interference.Sadly， Zhalong has experienceda decline in precipitation and adegradation of its reed beds dueto both natural factors and humanimpact. To secure the sustainablehealth of the wetland ecosystem andpreserve the red-crowned crane’shabitat， Heilongjiang Province hastaken the lead in implementingan essential water replenishmentmechanism. Every year， they investmillions of RMB to divert waterfrom the Nen River into Zhalong，gradually restoring abundantfish resources and promoting theregrowth of reeds.

扎龍濕地附近村民的生計就是夏天打漁，冬天收割蘆葦。如何解決人鳥爭食的矛盾？保護區(qū)雙管齊下：一方面，實施“濕地修復預留葦帶項目”，給農民相應的補償來保留蘆葦資源；另一方面，啟動“核心區(qū)居民搬遷工程”。善良的扎龍人響應政府號召，陸續(xù)移居到附近的市鎮(zhèn)小區(qū)。他們放下鐮刀，收起漁網(wǎng)，或在城市打工，或成為扎龍保護區(qū)的巡護員，以新的身份守護這片家園。

The livelihood of villagers nearthe Zhalong wetland revolves aroundfishing in the summer and harvestingreeds in the winter. However， achallenge arises as both humans andbirds compete for the available foodresources. To tackle this issue， thereserve has adopted a two-prongedapproach. Firstly， it implements the“wetland restoration and reservedreed belt project”， which compensatesfarmers for the preservation of vitalreed resources. Secondly， the reservehas initiated the “core area residentrelocation project”. In response to thegovernment’s call， the compassionatepeople of Zhalong have graduallymoved to nearby urban communities.Here， they have willingly set asidetheir sickles and fishing nets，either taking up work in the city ordedicating themselves as guardiansof the Zhalong Nature Reserve.

此外，為了增加丹頂鶴種群的數(shù)量，保護區(qū)還設立了丹頂鶴人工繁育和野化基地，建立了丹頂鶴物種基因庫，并實施天、地、空一體化檢測體系，對濕地生態(tài)進行全方位管理。

Furthermore， in a concerted effort to bolster the population of red-crowned cranes， the reserve has set upspecialized centers for artificial breeding and reintroduction. Additionally， they’ve established a genetic bankdedicated to preserving the species’ unique traits. To ensure a holistic approach to wetland ecosystem management，an integrated monitoring system has been put in place， spanning the skies， land， and water.

如今，扎龍的各種措施已初見成效：開闊的沼澤灘，丹頂鶴又開始翩翩起舞；茂密的蘆葦蕩，又傳來幼鶴呼喚媽媽的悅耳鳴叫。扎龍自然保護區(qū)正煥發(fā)著勃勃生機。

Today， the fruits of these endeavors in Zhalong are becoming increasingly evident： the expansive marshes have onceagain come alive with the elegant dance of red-crowned cranes， and the air resonates with the delightful calls of cranechicks as they eagerly seek their mother’s attention. Zhalong Nature Reserve is now teeming with vibrant vitality.