DOI: 10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202304020
張寶, 楊紅, 匡維米, 等, 2024.
蛇含委陵菜的木脂素類成分及其細(xì)胞毒活性研究 [J].
廣西植物, 44(6): 1082-1090.
ZHANG B, YANG H, KUANG WM, et al., 2024.
Lignans from Potentilla kleiniana and their cytotoxicity [J].
Guihaia, 44(6): 1082-1090.
摘" 要:" 為了研究蛇含委陵菜(Potentilla kleiniana)的化學(xué)成分及其腫瘤細(xì)胞毒活性,該研究綜合運(yùn)用D-101大孔樹脂、硅膠、Sephadex LH-20、Toyopearl HW-40F及半制備高效液相等現(xiàn)代色譜分離技術(shù)對(duì)蛇含委陵菜60%乙醇提取物進(jìn)行分離純化,根據(jù)化合物的理化性質(zhì)結(jié)合核磁共振波譜(NMR)、高分辨質(zhì)譜(HR-ESI-MS)鑒定化合物的結(jié)構(gòu),并采用MTT法測定各化合物對(duì)人宮頸癌細(xì)胞株Hela的細(xì)胞毒活性。結(jié)果表明:(1)從蛇含委陵菜中分離鑒定了13個(gè)木脂素類化合物,分別為(+)-松脂素(1)、(+)-8-羥基松脂素(2)、(+)-丁香脂素(3)、(+)-杜仲樹脂酚(4)、(+)-松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、(+)-8′-羥基松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、(+)-8′-羥基松脂素-4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、(+)-松脂素-8′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、schilignan F(9)、(+)-松脂素-4, 4′-O-雙吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、(+)-落葉松脂素-4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)、neoolivil-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12)、3,3′-bis [3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran](13)。其中,化合物1-4、7、8、10、12、13為首次從委陵菜屬植物中分離得到,化合物5、6、9、11為首次從蛇含委陵菜中分離得到。(2)細(xì)胞毒試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,化合物1、3、4對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞具有較好的抑制活性,其半數(shù)抑制濃度IC50值分別為(69.94±1.89)、(66.25±2.11)、(59.81±1.73)μmol·L-1。該研究結(jié)果進(jìn)一步豐富了蛇含委陵菜的化學(xué)成分,為抗宮頸癌藥物的研發(fā)提供物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)鍵詞: 蛇含委陵菜, 化學(xué)成分, 分離純化, 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定, 木脂素, 細(xì)胞毒性, 抗腫瘤活性
中圖分類號(hào):" Q946
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:" A
文章編號(hào):" 1000-3142(2024)06-1082-09
收稿日期: 2023-07-06
接受日期: 2024-08-25
基金項(xiàng)目:" 貴州省中醫(yī)藥管理局中醫(yī)藥、 民族醫(yī)藥科學(xué)技術(shù)研究課題項(xiàng)目(QZYY-2021-176); 貴陽市衛(wèi)生健康局高層次創(chuàng)新型青年衛(wèi)生人才培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(【2022】筑衛(wèi)健科技合同字第010號(hào))。
第一作者: 張寶(1993—),碩士,主管藥師,主要從事中藥藥效物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)及質(zhì)量控制研究,(E-mail)1004800340@qq.com。
*通信作者:" 李悅,碩士,主任藥師,主要從事中藥藥效物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)及藥理學(xué)研究,(E-mail)liyue_0407@163.com。
Lignans from Potentilla kleiniana and their cytotoxicity
ZHANG Bao1,2, YANG Hong1,2, KUANG Weimi3,4, CHEN Tingting1,2,
JIN Qianqian3,4, LI Yongjun3,4, LI Yue1,2*
( 1. Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital/Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang 550003, China;
2. College of Women and Children Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550003, China; 3. Guizhou
Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guian 561113, Guizhou, China;
4. School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian 561113, Guizhou, Chin )
Abstract:" Potentilla kleiniana belongs to the family Rosaceae, which distributes in Central Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia. In China, this plant is mainly found in east, south and southwest provinces. P. kleiniana has been prescribed for the treatment of various diseases in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, such as cough, fever, tuberculosis, mastitis, rheumatoid arthritis. Our previous study found that P. kleiniana had a certain cytotoxicity on tumor cells. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the chemical constituents of P. kleiniana and their cytotoxicity on tumor cells. The 60% ethanol extract of P. kleiniana were isolated by D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40F, semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography and other methods, and their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties, NMR and HR-ESI-MS analysis. Meanwhile, all these compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cell line Hela. The results were as follows: (1) Thirteen lignans were isolated and identified as (+)-pionresinol (1), (+)-8-hydroxypinoresinol (2), (+)-syringaresinol (3), (+)-medioresinol (4), (+)-pionresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (+)-8′-hydroxypinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), (+)-8′-hydroxypinoresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), (+)-pinoresinol-8′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), schilignan F (9), (+)-pionresinol-4, 4′-O-bisglucopyranoside (10), (+)-lariciresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), neoolivil-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), 3,3′-bis" [3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran] (13). Among them, compounds 1-4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13 were isolated from genus Potentilla for the first time, and compounds 5, 6, 9, 11 were isolated from P. kleiniana for the first time. (2) Cytotoxicity studies showed that compounds 1, 3 and 4 display certain inhibitory activities against Hela cells with IC50 values of (69.94 ± 1.89), (66.25 ± 2.11), (59.81 ± 1.73) μmol·L-1, respectively. Therefore, the study enriches the chemical constituents of P. kleiniana, and provides a material basis for the development of anti-cervical cancer drugs.
Key words: Potentilla kleiniana, chemical constituents, isolation and purification, structural identification, lignans, cytotoxicity, antitumor activity
蛇含委陵菜(Potentilla kleiniana)為薔薇科委陵菜屬宿根草本植物,又名五匹風(fēng)、蛇含等,廣泛分布于中亞、東亞及東南亞等地,在我國主要產(chǎn)于華東、華南及西南地區(qū)(中國科學(xué)院中國植物志編輯委員會(huì),1985)。蛇含委陵菜性微寒、味苦,歸肝、肺經(jīng),具有祛風(fēng)剔邪、清熱解毒等功效,其單方或組方常用于治療咳嗽、乳腺炎、類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎等,是貴州省苗族地區(qū)的特色中藥材之一,具有較為豐富的藥藏資源及巨大的開發(fā)潛力,現(xiàn)收載于《貴州省中藥材、民族藥材質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(2003年版)(貴州省中藥材、民族藥材質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編審委員會(huì),2003;羅迎春和孫慶文,2013)。目前,對(duì)蛇含委陵菜的化學(xué)成分研究報(bào)道較少,主要成分包括三萜、酚酸、黃酮及鞣質(zhì)類成分,活性研究主要集中于粗提物的抗炎、抑菌、降糖作用(李勝華等,2011,2014;張晨光等,2018;Liu et al., 2019; Xuan et al., 2020)。本課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇含委陵菜60%乙醇提取物的50%乙醇洗脫部位兼具一定的抗炎和體外抗腫瘤活性,確定該部位為蛇含委陵菜的抗炎、抗腫瘤活性部位,并從中分離鑒定了脂肪酸、苯丙酸、蒽醌等多種類型的化合物(張寶等,2023)。為進(jìn)一步豐富蛇含委陵菜的植物化學(xué)信息,初步明確其抗腫瘤活性部位的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),本研究在課題組前期研究的基礎(chǔ)上,繼續(xù)以蛇含委陵菜抗炎、抗腫瘤活性部位為研究對(duì)象,依托貴州省藥物制劑重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究平臺(tái),綜合運(yùn)用多種色譜分離技術(shù)、光譜鑒定技術(shù)及藥理學(xué)技術(shù),擬探討:(1)蛇含委陵菜抗腫瘤活性部位的化學(xué)成分;(2)分離得到的化合物的腫瘤細(xì)胞毒活性。
1" 材料與儀器
1.1 材料
蛇含委陵菜藥材采自貴州省貴陽市花溪區(qū)高坡鄉(xiāng),經(jīng)貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué)劉春花副教授鑒定為薔薇科植物蛇含委陵菜(Potentilla kleiniana)全草。標(biāo)本保存于貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué)貴州省藥物制劑重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,憑證號(hào)為No.20210416。
腫瘤細(xì)胞株:人宮頸癌細(xì)胞株Hela(中國科學(xué)院昆明細(xì)胞庫)。
1.2 儀器
高分辨質(zhì)譜儀(Thermo Fisher Q Exactive-Plus 四級(jí)桿-靜電場軌道肼,美國Themo Fisher Scientific公司);核磁共振波譜儀(Bruker AV-600型,德國Bruker公司;JEOL-ECS-400 MHz型,日本JEOL公司);半制備型高效液相色譜儀(LC-20AP型,日本島津公司);旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(BUCHIR-300型,瑞士BUCHI公司);超純水機(jī)(KZ-20L型,上海科制環(huán)保設(shè)備有限公司);多功能酶標(biāo)儀(VARIOSKANLUX,美國 Themo Fisher Scientific 公司);二氧化碳培養(yǎng)箱(HF240,上海力申科學(xué)儀器有限公司);脫色搖床(TY-80B,江蘇省金壇市榮華儀器制造有限公司);D-101大孔樹脂(天津市海光化工有限公司); Sephadex LH-20(瑞士Pharmacia Biotech公司);Toyopearl HW 40F(日本JEOL公司);ODS反相材料(日本Tosoh公司);MCI(CHP20/P120,日本三菱公司);柱層析硅膠及硅膠GF254預(yù)制板(青島海洋化工廠)。
1.3 試劑
阿霉素(批號(hào):213S027,北京索萊寶生物科技有限公司);MTT(批號(hào):1117X0516,北京索萊寶生物科技有限公司);高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基(批號(hào):C11995500BT,美國Gbico公司);胰酶消化液(0.25% EDTA)(批號(hào):2046777,美國Gbico公司);水為蒸餾水,甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、石油醚等化學(xué)試劑均為分析純。
2" 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
2.1 提取和分離
取蛇含委陵菜干燥全草15 kg,粉碎后用60%乙醇回流提取3次(分別為2、1.5、1.5 h),合并提取液,減壓濃縮至浸膏(2.1 kg)。浸膏加入適量蒸餾水,超聲振蕩分散,經(jīng)D-101大孔樹脂,依次用水、50%乙醇、95%乙醇洗脫,收集各部分洗脫液,減壓濃縮。其中,50%乙醇洗脫部位(428 g)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱層析(200~300目硅膠,洗脫劑為氯仿-甲醇 50∶1→1∶1, V/V)得到9個(gè)組分(Fr.A-Fr.I)。
Fr.B減壓濃縮后析出難溶性沉淀物,過濾分離難溶性沉淀物后取濾液,經(jīng)反復(fù)正相硅膠柱層析、結(jié)晶與重結(jié)晶,得化合物2(8.9 mg)。Fr.C經(jīng)正相硅膠柱層析(300~400目硅膠,洗脫劑為石油醚-乙酸乙酯 20∶1→1∶1,V/V)得到Fr.C1-Fr.C4,其中Fr.C2經(jīng)正相硅膠柱層析(300~400目硅膠,洗脫劑為石油醚-乙酸乙酯 30∶1→10∶1,V/V)得到Fr.C2.1-Fr.C2.5。Fr.C2.2經(jīng)正相硅膠柱層析(300~400目硅膠,洗脫劑為二氯甲烷-甲醇 50∶1→10∶1,V/V)、Sephadex LH-20柱層析(二氯甲烷-甲醇 1∶1,V/V)、Toyopearl HW 40F柱層析(甲醇),得化合物3(7.0 mg)。Fr.C2.4經(jīng)反復(fù)正相硅膠柱層析、Toyopearl HW 40F柱層析(甲醇)、ODS柱層析(甲醇-水 7∶3,V/V),得化合物1(7.6 mg)、13(7.0 mg)。Fr.C2.5經(jīng)正相硅膠柱層析(300~400目硅膠,洗脫劑為二氯甲烷-甲醇 20∶1,V/V)、Sephadex LH-20柱層析(二氯甲烷-甲醇 1∶1,V/V),得化合物4(8.2 mg)。Fr.D經(jīng)MCI柱層析(乙醇-水 3∶7→1∶0,V/V)得到 Fr.D1-Fr.D8,其中Fr.D2減壓濃縮后析出難溶性沉淀物,過濾分離難溶性沉淀物后取濾液,經(jīng)正相硅膠柱層析(300~400目硅膠,洗脫劑為二氯甲烷-甲醇 20∶1,V/V)得到Fr.D2.1-FR.D2.6。Fr.D2.2-Fr.D2.3經(jīng)反復(fù)正相硅膠柱層析、Toyopearl HW 40F柱層析(甲醇)、ODS柱層析(甲醇-水 1∶4,V/V),得化合物5(10.3 mg)、12(11.1 mg)。Fr.D2.6經(jīng)Toyopearl HW 40F柱層析(甲醇)得Fr.D2.6.1-Fr.D2.6.4,其中Fr.D2.6.2經(jīng)反復(fù)正相硅膠柱層析、Toyopearl HW 40F柱層析(甲醇)、ODS柱層析及半制備液相分離純化,得化合物6(5.6 mg)、7(4.8 mg)、8(8.5 mg)、9(12.1 mg)、11(8.3 mg)。Fr.D5依次經(jīng)正相硅膠柱層析(300~400目硅膠,洗脫劑為二氯甲烷-甲醇 20∶1→2∶1,V/V)、Sephadex LH-20柱層析(甲醇)、Toyopearl HW 40F柱層析(甲醇),得化合物10(9.5 mg)?;衔?1-13 的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1。
2.2 細(xì)胞毒活性測試
細(xì)胞毒活性測試參考Zhang等(2019)中MTT法并略作修改。取對(duì)數(shù)生長期Hela細(xì)胞,調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度為每毫升6×104個(gè),接種于96孔板中,每孔100 μL,實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置空白對(duì)照組、陽性對(duì)照組(阿霉素)和待測藥物組(各待測化合物),每組設(shè)置4個(gè)復(fù)孔,在5% CO2、37 ℃條件下培養(yǎng)24 h給藥??瞻捉M給予等體積的PBS,陽性對(duì)照組給予濃度1 μmol·L-1的阿霉素,待測藥物組給予濃度50 μmol·L-1的各待測化合物。各組繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,每孔加20 μL MTT試劑,孵育4 h;棄去培養(yǎng)液后每孔加入150 μL DMSO,振蕩10 min,在酶標(biāo)儀490 nm波長下檢測各孔吸光度(OD),根據(jù)OD值計(jì)算抑制率。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
選擇抑制率較高的化合物,設(shè)置化合物濃度梯度為0、3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50 μmol·L-1,參照上述抑制率測定方法測得各濃度下的抑制率,采用Prism 8計(jì)算IC50值。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
3" 結(jié)果與分析
3.1 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
化合物1" 白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 357.134 5" [M-H]-(C20H21O6,理論值:357.134 4),分子式為C20H22O6。1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 6.88 (2H, s, H-2, 2′), 6.74 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz, H-6, 6′), 6.71 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz, H-5, 5′), 4.59 (2H, d, J=3.0 Hz, H-7, 7′), 4.11 (2H, m, H-9a, 9′a), 3.75 (6H, s, 2×-OCH3), 3.71 (2H, d, J=9.6 Hz, H-9b, 9′b), 3.02 (2H, s, H-8, 8′); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 147.5 (C-4, 4′), 145.9 (C-3, 3′), 132.2 (C-1, 1′), 118.6 (C-6, 6′), 115.1 (C-5, 5′), 110.4 (C-2, 2′), 85.1 (C-7, 7′), 70.9 (C-9, 9′), 55.6 (2×-OCH3), 53.6 (C-8, 8′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(Kwak et al., 2009)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(+)-松脂素 [(+)-pionresinol]。
化合物2" 白色無定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 373.129 3" [M-H]-(C20H21O7,理論值:373.129 3),分子式為C20H22O7。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 7.04 (2H, t, J=2.4, 2.0 Hz, H-2, 2′), 6.86 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, H-6′), 6.84 (1H, dd, J=7.6, 2.0 Hz, H-6), 6.77 (2H, dd, J=2.0, 7.6 Hz, H-5, 5′), 4.84 (1H, overlap, H-7′), 4.67 (1H, s, H-7), 4.45 (1H, t, J=9.2 Hz, H-9′a), 4.03 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz, H-9a), 3.86 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 3.85 (3H, s, 3′-OCH3), 3.85 (1H, overlap, H-9b), 3.75 (1H, dd, J=9.2, 6.4 Hz, H-9′b), 3.03 (1H, m, H-8′); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 149.1 (C-3), 148.7 (C-3′), 147.5 (C-4′), 147.4 (C-4), 133.6 (C-1′), 129.1 (C-1), 121.5 (C-6), 120.5 (C-6′), 116.0 (C-5), 115.7 (C-5′), 112.8 (C-2), 111.3 (C-2′), 92.8 (C-8), 89.3 (C-7), 87.8 (C-7′), 76.1 (C-9), 72.0 (C-9′), 62.4 (C-8′), 56.4 (3, 3′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(李江玲等,2014)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(+)-8-羥基松脂素 [(+)-8-hydroxypinoresinol]。
化合物3" 淡黃色半透明固體。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 417.155 7" [M-H]-(C22H25O8,理論值:417.155 5),分子式為C22H26O8。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 6.65 (4H, s, H-2, 2′, 6, 6′), 4.71 (2H, d, J=4.0 Hz, H-7, 7′), 4.26 (2H, dd, J=8.8, 6.8 Hz, H-9a, 9′a), 3.87(2H , m , H-9b, 9′b), 3.85(12H, s, 3, 3′, 5, 5′-OCH3), 3.14 (2H, m, H-8, 8′); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ:149.4 (C-3, 3′, 5, 5′), 136.2 (C-4, 4′), 133.1 (C-1, 1′), 104.5 (C-2, 2′, 6, 6′), 87.6 (C-7, 7′), 72.8 (C-9, 9′), 56.8 (3, 3′, 5, 5′-OCH3), 55.5 (C-8, 8′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(于洋等,2010)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(+)-丁香脂素 [(+)-syringaresinol]。
化合物4" 無色固體。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 387.145 1" [M-H]-(C21H23O7,理論值:387.144 9),分子式為C21H24O7。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 6.95 (1H, s, H-2), 6.81 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, H-6), 6.76 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, H-5), 6.65 (2H, s, H-2′, 6′), 4.70 (2H, d, J=3.6 Hz, H-7, 7′), 4.24 (2H, m, H-9a, 9′a), 3.85 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 3.84 (6H, s, 3′, 5′-OCH3), 3.83 (2H, m, H-9b, 9′b), 3.14 (2H, s, H-8, 8′); 13C-NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 149.3 (C-3′, 5′), 149.1 (C-5), 147.2 (C-4), 136.2 (C-4′), 133.8 (C-1), 133.1 (C-1′), 120.1 (C-2), 116.1 (C-3), 110.9 (C-6), 104.5 (C-2′, 6′), 87.7 (C-7), 87.5 (C-7′), 72.5 (C-9), 72.6 (C-9′), 56.8 (3′, 5′-OCH3), 56.4 (3-OCH3), 55.6 (C-8′), 55.3 (C-8)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(An et al., 2016)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(+)-杜仲樹脂酚 [(+)-medioresinol]。
化合物5" 白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 519.187 0" [M-H]-(C26H31O11,理論值:519.187 2),分子式為C26H32O11。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 7.14 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, H-5), 7.02 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2), 6.94 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2′), 6.90 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 1.6 Hz, H-6), 6.80 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, H-6′), 6.76 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-5′), 4.87 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-5″), 4.75 (1H, d, J=3.6 Hz, H-7), 4.70 (1H, d, J=4.8 Hz, H-7′), 4.23 (2H, m, H-9β, 9′β), 3.86 (3H, s, -OCH3), 3.85 (2H, overlap, H-9α, 9′α), 3.84 (3H, s, -OCH3), 3.12 (2H, m, H-8, 8′); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 151.0 (C-4), 149.1 (C-4′), 147.5 (C-3), 147.3 (C-3′), 137.5 (C-1), 133.8 (C-1′), 120.1 (C-6′), 119.8 (C-6), 118.0 (C-5), 116.1 (C-5′), 111.6 (C-2), 111.0 (C-2′), 102.8 (C-1″), 87.5 (C-7′), 87.1 (C-7), 78.2 (C-5″), 77.8 (C-3″), 74.9 (C-2″), 72.7 (C-9, 9′), 71.3 (C-4″), 62.5 (C-6″), 56.7 (3-OCH3), 56.4 (3′-OCH3), 55.5 (C-8) , 55.4 (C8′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(祖先鵬等,2014)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(+)-松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 [(+)-pionresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside]。
化合物6" 白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 535.182 1" [M-H]-(C26H31O12,理論值:535.182 1),分子式為C26H32O12。1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 7.05 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz, H-5′), 7.01 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2′), 6.94 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2), 6.89 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, H-6′), 6.75 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 1.6 Hz, H-6), 6.69 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-5), 4.88 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz, H-1″), 4.79 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz, H-7), 4.50 (1H, s, H-7′), 4.35 (1H, t, J=8.8 Hz, H-9a), 3.93 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz, H-9′a), 3.71 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz, H-9′b), 3.63 (2H, overlap, H-9b, 6″a), 3.43 (1H, m, H-6″b), 3.25 (3H, overlap, H-3″, 4″, 5″), 2.88 (1H, m, H-8), 3.75 (3H, s, -OCH3), 3.74 (3H, s, -OCH3); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 148.9 (C-3), 146.9 (C-3′), 145.9 (C-4), 145.8 (C-4′), 135.2 (C-1), 128.0 (C-1′), 120.2 (C-6′), 118.4 (C-6), 115.1 (C-5), 114.6 (C-5′), 112.2 (C-2′), 110.8 (C-2), 100.0 (C-1″), 91.1 (C-8′), 87.2 (C-7′), 85.1 (C-7), 77.0 (C-5″), 76.9 (C-3″), 74.7 (C-9′), 73.2 (C-2″), 70.4 (C-9), 69.7 (C-4″), 60.9 (C-8), 60.7 (C-6″), 55.7, 55.6 (2×-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(Wu et al., 2014)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(+)-8′-羥基松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 [(+)-8′-hydroxypinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside]。
化合物7" 白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 581.187 1" [M+HCOO]-(C27H33O14,理論值:581.187 6),分子式為C26H32O12。1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 7.01 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-5′), 6.99 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2′), 6.95 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2), 6.85 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, H-6′), 6.78 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 1.6 Hz, H-6), 6.73 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-5), 4.85 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz, H-1″), 4.73 (1H, d, J=5.6 Hz, H-7), 4.56 (1H, s, H-7′), 4.35 (1H, t, J=8.8 Hz, H-9a), 3.94 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz, H-9′a), 3.71 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz, H-9′b), 3.63 (1H, overlap, H-9b), 2.88 (1H, m, H-8), 3.75 (3H, s, -OCH3), 3.74 (3H, s, -OCH3); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 148.2 (C-3′), 147.5 (C-3), 146.1 (C-4), 145.9 (C-4′), 132.2 (C-1), 130.1 (C-1′), 119.8 (C-6′), 118.9 (C-6), 115.2 (C-5), 114.5 (C-5′), 112.3 (C-2′), 110.6 (C-2), 100.2 (C-1″), 91.2 (C-8′), 87.0 (C-7′), 85.4 (C-7), 77.0 (C-5″), 76.9 (C-3″), 74.6 (C-9′), 73.2 (C-2″), 70.4 (C-9), 69.6 (C-4″), 60.8 (C-8), 60.6 (C-6″), 55.6 (2×-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(Wu et al., 2014)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(+)-8′-羥基松脂素-4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 [(+)-8′-hydroxypinoresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside]。
化合物8" 白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 559.177 9" [M+Na]+(C26H32O12Na,理論值:559.178 6),分子式為C26H32O12。1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 7.02 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2′), 6.95 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2), 6.79 (2H, d, J=7.6 Hz, H-6, 6′), 6.75 (H, d, J=7.6 Hz, H-5), 6.66 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz, H-5′), 4.68 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz, H-7), 4.61 (1H, s, H-7′), 4.30 (3H, m, H-9a, 9′a, 1″), 3.77 (3H, s, 3′-OCH3), 3.73 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 3.26 (3H, m, H-8, 9b, 9′b); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 147.7 (C-3), 146.8 (C-3′), 146.2 (C-4, 4′), 131.5 (C-1), 127.3 (C-1′), 121.5 (C-6′), 118.6 (C-6), 115.3 (C-5), 114.3 (C-5′), 113.8 (C-2′), 109.9 (C-2), 98.6 (C-1″), 97.3 (C-8′),
87.7 (C-7′), 85.1 (C-7), 77.2 (C-3″, 5″), 73.3 (C-2″), 72.5 (C-9′), 69.9 (C-4″), 69.8 (C-9), 60.9 (C-6″), 58.8 (C-8), 55.6 (3, 3′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(姚爭爭等,2018)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(+)-松脂素-8′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 [(+)-pinoresinol-8′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside]。
化合物9" 白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 535.181 6" [M-H]-(C26H31O12,理論值:535.182 1),分子式為C26H32O12。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 7.10 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2′), 6.95 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2), 6.85 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, H-6′), 6.80 (H, d, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, H-6), 6.78 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-5), 6.72 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-5′), 5.23 (1H, d, J=6.4 Hz, H-7), 4.64 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-1″), 4.37 (1H, s, H-7′); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 148.9 (C-3′), 148.5 (C-3), 147.6 (C-4′), 146.7 (C-4), 131.0 (C-1), 128.4 (C-1′), 122.4 (C-6′), 119.3 (C-6), 116.1 (C-5), 115.2 (C-5′), 113.9 (C-2′), 110.4 (C-2), 100.0 (C-1″), 97.3 (C-8′), 91.4 (C-7′), 83.1 (C-7), 78.2 (C-3″), 77.9 (C-5″), 75.2 (C-2″), 73.1 (C-9′), 71.4 (C-4″), 69.5 (C-9), 62.6 (C-6″), 56.5 (3-OCH3), 56.4 (3′-OCH3), 54.4 (C-8)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(Yang et al., 2019)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為schilignan F。
化合物10" 白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 681.239 7" [M-H]-(C32H41O16,理論值:681.238 9),分子式為C31H42O16。1H-NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 7.15 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz, H-5, 5′), 7.03 (2H, d, J=2.4 Hz, H-2, 2′), 6.92 (2H, dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, H-6, 6′), 4.89 (2H, overlap, H-1″, 1), 4.76 (2H, d, J=3.6 Hz, H-7, 7′), 4.25 (2H, m, H-9β, 9′β), 3.88 (6H, overlap, 3, 3′-OCH3), 3.88 (2H, overlap, H-9α, 9′α), 3.12 (2H, m, H-8, 8′); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 151.0 (C-3, 3′), 147.5 (C-4, 4′), 137.5 (C-1, 1′), 119.8 (C-6, 6′), 118.0 (C-5, 5′), 111.6 (C-2, 2′), 102.8 (C-1″, 1), 87.1 (C-7, 7′), 78.2 (C-3″, 3), 77.8 (C-5″, 5), 74.9 (C-2″, 2), 72.8 (C-9, 9′), 71.3 (C-4″, 4), 62.5 (C-6″, 6), 56.8 (3, 3′-OCH3), 55.5 (C-8, 8′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(楊鑫等,2007)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(+)-松脂素-4,4′-O-雙吡喃葡萄糖苷 [(+)-pionresinol-4,4′-O-bisglucopyranoside]。
化合物11" 白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 521.201 6" [M-H]-(C26H33O11,理論值:521.201 7),分子式為C26H34O11。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 7.13 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-5′), 6.97 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H-2′), 6.87 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, H-6′), 6.78 (H, d, J=1.6 Hz, H-2), 6.70 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz, H-5), 6.63 (1H, dd, J=7.6, 1.6 Hz, H-6), 4.87 (1H, overlap, H-1″), 4.82 (1H, d, J=6.4 Hz, H-7′), 3.99 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 6.4 Hz, H-9a), 3.85 (3H, s, -OCH3), 3.84 (2H, overlap, H-9′a, 6″a), 3.82 (3H, s, -OCH3), 3.73 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 6.4 Hz, H-9b), 3.69 (1H, m, H-6″b), 3.65 (1H, m, H-9′b), 3.47 (2H, m, H-2″, 5″), 3.40 (2H, m, H-3″, 4″), 2.90 (1H, dd, J=13.2, 5.2 Hz, H-7a), 2.71 (1H, m, H-8), 2.49 (1H, dd, J=13.2, 10.8 Hz, H-7b), 2.34 (1H, m, H-8′); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 150.8 (C-3′), 149.0 (C-3), 147.3 (C-4′), 145.9 (C-4), 139.5 (C-1′), 133.5 (C-1), 122.1 (C-6), 119.6 (C-6′), 117.9 (C-5′), 116.2 (C-5), 113.4 (C-2), 111.3 (C-2′), 102.9 (C-1″), 83.8 (C-7′), 78.2 (C-3″), 77.8 (C-5″), 74.9 (C-2″), 73.7 (C-9), 71.3 (C-4″), 62.5 (C-6″), 60.5 (C-9′), 56.7 (3′-OCH3), 56.4 (3-OCH3), 54.1 (C-8′), 43.8 (C-8), 33.6 (C-7)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(Park et al., 2010)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為(+)-落葉松脂素-4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 [(+)-lariciresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside]。
化合物12" 白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 539.231 3" [M+H] +(C26H35O12,理論值:539.231 3),分子式為C26H34O12。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 7.14 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.4 Hz, H-6), 7.02 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz, H-2), 6.96 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz, H-2′), 6.91 (H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-5), 6.80 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-5′), 6.76 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.4 Hz, H-6′), 4.87 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz, H-1″), 4.75 (1H, d, J=3.6 Hz, H-7), 4.70 (1H, d, J=3.2 Hz, H-7′), 4.23 (2H, m, H-9a, 9′a), 3.85 (6H, overlap, 2×-OCH3), 3.39~3.87 (6H, m, H-2″-6″), 3.12 (2H, m, H-8, 8′); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 150.9 (C-3), 149.1 (C-3′), 147.5 (C-4), 147.3 (C-4′), 137.4 (C-1), 133.7 (C-1′), 120.0 (C-6′), 119.8 (C-6), 117.9 (C-5), 116.0 (C-5′), 111.5 (C-2), 110.9 (C-2′), 102.8 (C-1″), 87.5 (C-7′), 87.1 (C-7), 78.2 (C-3″), 77.8 (C-5″), 74.9 (C-2″), 72.7 (C-9, 9′), 71.3 (C-4″), 62.4 (C-6″), 56.7 (3-OCH3), 56.3 (3′-OCH3), 55.5 (C-8), 55.4 (C-8′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(Wu et al., 2013)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為neoolivil-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside。
化合物13" 透明膠狀物。HR-ESI-MS m/z: 357.134 5" [M-H]-(C20H21O6,理論值:357.134 4),分子式為C20H22O6。1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 6.88 (2H, d, J=1.2 Hz, H-5, 5′), 6.87 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz, H-8, 8′), 6.80 (2H, dd, J=8.4, 1.8 Hz, H-7, 7′), 4.72 (2H, d, J=4.8, H-4, 4′), 4.23 (2H, dd, J=9.0, 7.2 Hz, H-2a, 2′a), 3.89 (6H, s, 2×-OCH3), 3.86 (2H, dd, J=9.0, 3.6 Hz, H-2b, 2′b), 3.08 (2H, m, H-3, 3′); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 146.7 (C-6, 6′), 145.2 (C-9, 9′), 132.9 (C-10, 10′), 119.0 (C-7, 7′), 114.3 (C-5, 5′), 108.6 (C-8, 8′), 85.9 (C-4, 4′), 71.7 (C-2, 2′), 55.9 (2×-OCH3), 54.2 (C-3, 3′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)(Saleem et al., 1997)報(bào)道的基本一致,故鑒定該化合物為3,3′-bis [3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran]。
3.2 細(xì)胞毒活性測試結(jié)果
由表1 可知,化合物1、3-5在50 μmol·L-1濃度下對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞的抑制率較高。因此,進(jìn)一步測定1、3-5對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞的IC50,結(jié)果見表2。結(jié)果顯示,化合物1、3、4的抑制活性較為顯著,IC50值分別為(69.94±1.89)、(66.25±2.11)、(59.81±1.73)μmol·L-1。
4" 討論與結(jié)論
本研究綜合運(yùn)用多種分離分析方法及結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定手段對(duì)蛇含委陵菜抗腫瘤活性部位的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行研究,得到13個(gè)木脂素類化合物,包括10個(gè)駢四氫呋喃型木脂素(1-10),2個(gè)四氫呋喃型木
脂素(11、12)和1個(gè)二芐基丁烷型木脂素(13)。細(xì)胞毒活性試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),化合物(+)-松脂素(1)、 (+)-丁香脂素(3)、(+)-杜仲樹脂酚(4)、(+)-松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)在50 μmol·L-1濃度下對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞具有較好的抑制作用,抑制率在58.72%~71.12%之間,其中化合物1、3、4的抑制活性最為顯著,其IC50值分別為(69.94±1.89)、(66.25±2.11)、(59.81±1.73)μmol·L-1。從結(jié)構(gòu)類型上看,對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞具有一定抑制活性的化合物(1、3-5)均為駢四氫呋喃型木脂素,該類成分由四氫呋喃型木脂素中脂肪烴鏈上羥基的縮合衍生而來,其結(jié)構(gòu)骨架只有一種結(jié)構(gòu)類型,即7-O-9′型和7′-O-9型四氫呋喃環(huán)通過C-8/C-8′位駢合(吳立軍,2014)。以本研究分離得到的10個(gè)駢四氫呋喃型木脂素結(jié)合其細(xì)胞毒活性分析其構(gòu)效關(guān)系發(fā)現(xiàn):C-8或C-8′位上質(zhì)子未被其他基團(tuán)取代時(shí),其對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞的增殖抑制活性較好;當(dāng)C-8或C-8′位上質(zhì)子被羥基、糖基等親水性基團(tuán)取代后,其對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞的增殖抑制活性降低;苯環(huán)上引入的親水基團(tuán)比例越大,其對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞的增殖抑制活性也會(huì)相應(yīng)地降低;此外,C-7或C-7′構(gòu)型的差異也會(huì)導(dǎo)致化合物對(duì)Hela細(xì)胞增殖抑制活性的改變,這為駢四氫呋喃型木脂素的結(jié)構(gòu)修飾提供了思路和方向。未來可針對(duì)蛇含委陵菜抗腫瘤活性部位中的木脂素類化合物進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大腫瘤細(xì)胞株的篩選范圍,對(duì)活性突出的化合物進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)修飾、藥效學(xué)、藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)、代謝組學(xué)及成藥性方面的深入研究。
本研究進(jìn)一步豐富了蛇含委陵菜的植物化學(xué)信息及化合物結(jié)構(gòu)類型,并通過細(xì)胞毒活性試驗(yàn)判斷木脂素類成分可能是蛇含委陵菜發(fā)揮抗腫瘤藥理活性的重要成分。此外,本研究初步分析了駢四氫呋喃型木脂素的構(gòu)效關(guān)系,在一定程度上為該類成分的結(jié)構(gòu)修飾和抗腫瘤藥物的研究提供了參考,為蛇含委陵菜的進(jìn)一步開發(fā)利用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
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(責(zé)任編輯" 李" 莉)