調(diào)整語(yǔ)序定句型

王力艷

高考示例

１. Was it during the Second World War ____ he died?(MET88)

A. that B. while C. in which D. then

該題考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，但因改為一般疑問(wèn)句，增加了難度，考生若能將疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序還原成陳述語(yǔ)序：It was during the Second World War ____ he died. 則能更準(zhǔn)確、快捷地得出答案A。

２. Who is it up ____ decide whether to go or not.

(NMET2000上海春季)

A. to to B. to C. for to D. to for

這是一道答案創(chuàng)新題。不少考生認(rèn)為一個(gè)句子絕對(duì)不可能出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)to 連在一起的現(xiàn)象，所以先將A排除掉。其實(shí)該特殊疑問(wèn)句如果還原為陳述句語(yǔ)序：It is up ____ who ____ decide whether to go or not.則能得出答案A。

３. Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering. (2005天津卷)

A. that B. whose C. those D. what

這道題看上去好像是from 后缺賓語(yǔ)，但將定語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序還原:the people are still suffering from ____ effects.便能很容易判斷出此題是effects前缺定語(yǔ)，故答案是B。

４. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.(NMET2000)

A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out

這是一道前置創(chuàng)新題。如果把先行詞the plan代入后面的定語(yǔ)從句中：they would like to see the plan ____,因?yàn)橛?jì)劃是被完成的，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞carried out表被動(dòng)，則能得出答案A。

5. The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time.(NMET2001)

A. from B. in C. of D. at

這道題看上去好像是一道考查介詞的題目，但它實(shí)際上所涉及到的是定語(yǔ)后置的問(wèn)題，如果將take后的賓語(yǔ)從句調(diào)整語(yǔ)序——從感嘆句語(yǔ)序調(diào)整為陳述語(yǔ)序：there is little ____ my spare time,則能得出答案C。

６． As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the

more you learn, ____.(NMET2000上海)

A. the more for life are you equipped

B. the more equipped for life you are

C. the more life you are equipped for

D. you are equipped the more for life

此題考察的是the比較級(jí)＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ),the比較級(jí)＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)這個(gè)句型，如果先從陳述句入手，判斷句型：you learn more, you are more equipped for life 則更容易得出答案Ｂ。

７． She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ____ in making the earth a better place to live.

(2003上海春季高考題)

A. to have played B. to play

C. to beplayed D. to be playing

8. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ____.(1996上海)

Ａ． to send Ｂ． for sending

Ｃ． to send it to Ｄ． for sending it to

9. There are five pairs ____, but Im at a loss which to buy.

(１９９９上海)

Ａ． to be chosen Ｂ． to choose from

Ｃ． to choose Ｄ． for choosing

以上三道題考查的都是不定式作定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)作定語(yǔ)的不定式和前面所修飾的名詞和代詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓和介賓關(guān)系，我們可以通過(guò)將前面的名詞或代詞還原到后面的不定式中確定句型。第7題可通過(guò)還原確定出句型:play a role in doing， 第8題: send it to the person,第9題：choose from five pairs,故這三道題的答案分別是ＢＣＢ。

結(jié)合以上高考題以及日常教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我總結(jié)出調(diào)整語(yǔ)序定句型主要有兩種情況：

一、還原法即將難于理解的特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)還原為易于理解的一般語(yǔ)序來(lái)確定句型，得出答案的一種方法。

（一）將被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還原為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

１. Time should be made full use of ____ your spoken English.

A. improve B. improving C. improves D. to improve

解題思路：將此題的主語(yǔ)time調(diào)整為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組make use of的賓語(yǔ)，即make use of time“充分利用時(shí)間”那么此題就迎刃而解了，后面接目的狀語(yǔ)to do不定式，故選Ｄ。如果此題不調(diào)整語(yǔ)序，那么解題就會(huì)陷入誤區(qū)，認(rèn)為介詞of加動(dòng)名詞而錯(cuò)選了Ｂ。

２. Much attention should be paid to ____ your handwriting.

A. improve B. improving C. improves C. to improve

解題思路：將此題的主語(yǔ)much attention調(diào)整為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞pay的賓語(yǔ)，即pay much attention to，后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞，故選Ｂ。

3. These stories were made ____ his own head.

A. out of B. up of C. into D. up out of

解題思路：將此題的主語(yǔ)these stories調(diào)整為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，即make up these stories out of his own head，即得出答案Ｄ。

（二）將疑問(wèn)句還原為陳述句

１. Which do you enjoy ____ your spare time, singing or dancing?

A. to spend B. spending C. spend D. be spending

解題思路：將此題的特殊疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序調(diào)整為陳述語(yǔ)序，即把which調(diào)整為enjoy的賓語(yǔ)：enjoy which ____ your spare time，“喜歡哪個(gè)來(lái)度過(guò)你的業(yè)余時(shí)間”，那么不定式表目的，故答案是Ａ。

２. Whom would you rather have ____ to the hospital?

A. sending B. sent C. to send D. to be sent

解題思路：將此題的特殊疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序調(diào)整為陳述語(yǔ)序，即把whom調(diào)整為have的賓語(yǔ)：Would rather have whom ____ to the hospital，“寧愿讓誰(shuí)被派到那個(gè)醫(yī)院”，考察的是have sth. done句型，故答案是Ｂ。

3. Is the hotel ____ you stayed the first time you arrived here?

A. at which B. what

C. which D. the one where

解題思路：將此題的疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序調(diào)整為陳述語(yǔ)序：The hotel is ____ you stayed the first time you arrived here.這樣就不難看出主句中缺表語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)Ｄ有表語(yǔ)，再判斷后面定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞where正確，故答案是Ｄ。

4. Is this the hotel ____ you stayed the first time you arrived here?

A. at which B. what

C. which D. the one where

解題思路：將此題的疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序調(diào)整為陳述語(yǔ)序：This is the hotel ____ you stayed the first time you arrived here.此題主句的主干成分完整，后面的定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞which正確，故答案是Ａ。

（三）將定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞還原到定語(yǔ)從句中的恰當(dāng)位置。

１. The scientist referred to the trouble they had ____ the problem at the meeting.

A. solved B. solving C. to solve D. solve

解題思路：如果把先行詞the trouble代入后面的定語(yǔ)從句中：they had the trouble____ the problem at the meeting，此題考察的是have trouble doing這個(gè)句型，故答案為Ｂ。

２． In my opinion, it is the best use that could be ____ of the money.

A. turned up B. turned out C. spent D. made

解題思路：如果把先行詞the best use代入后面的定語(yǔ)從句中：the best use could be ____ of the money,再將其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)序調(diào)整為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)序，即能確定此題考查的是固定短語(yǔ)make use of,最后得出答案Ｄ。

３． Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.

A. it B. it repaired

C. repaired D. to be repaired

解題思路：如果把先行詞the washing machine代入后面的定語(yǔ)從句中：she had had the washing machine ____，即能確定此題考查的是have sth. done這個(gè)句型，故答案為Ｃ。

(四)其他句式的語(yǔ)序調(diào)整

1. The more Tom worked, the more progress he ____ in the following days.

A. had B. made C. get D. gain

解題思路：如果將the比較級(jí)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，the比較級(jí)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)還原成一般語(yǔ)序：Tom worked more, he ____ more progress in the following days.即能確定此題考查的是make progress這個(gè)句型，故答案為Ｂ。

2. The more we practice, the better we get ____ listening to speech in a foreign language.

A. at B.in C. on D.from

解題思路：將此題還原成一般語(yǔ)序：We practice more, we get better____ listening to speech in a foreign language.即能確定此題考查的是get better(good) at這個(gè)句型，故答案Ａ。

3. Look! What much attention he is paying ____ the lecture!

A. for B. at C. in D. to

解題思路：將此題感嘆句還原成一般語(yǔ)序：he is paying much attention ____ the lecture.即能確定此題考查的是pay attention to這個(gè)句型，故答案為D。

4. I cant imagine how ____ the scientist will be for what he has

discovered.

A. famous B. good C. important D. necessary

解題思路：將imagine后的感嘆句還原成一般語(yǔ)序：the scientist will be ____ for what he has discovered,即能確定此題考查的是be famous for這個(gè)句型，故答案為Ａ。

5. ____ we first heard of the man referred to as a computer specialist in soft-ware.

A. It was Hilary that B. That it was from Hilary

C. It was from Hilary that D. It was from Hilary when

解題思路：此題考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，如果將it was…that…去掉，還原成一般語(yǔ)序:we first heard of the man referred to as a computer specialist in soft-ware ____, 即能確定此題考查的是hear of…from…這個(gè)句型，故答案為Ｃ。

６． Ｔhis photo of mine was taken ____ stood the famous high tower.

A. which B. in which C. where D. there

解題思路：將此題從句的倒裝語(yǔ)序還原成自然語(yǔ)序：the famous tower stood ____，再結(jié)合主句的含義，顯然從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故答案為Ｃ。

二、提煉法即將又長(zhǎng)又復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句或復(fù)合句通過(guò)刪除定語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)等修飾成分，提煉出中心語(yǔ)或主句來(lái)確定句型，得出答案的一種方法。

（一）將含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句提煉主句

１. I was so angry at all ____ he was doing ____ I slapped his face.

A. what; that B. which; that C. that; that D. that; what

解題思路：將此題的定語(yǔ)從句____ he was doing刪除，提煉出主句：I was so angry at all ____ I slapped his face.即能確定此題考查的是so…that…這個(gè)句型，再判斷定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用that。故答案為Ｃ。

2. Was it Bill, ____ played basketball very well, ____ helped the blind man across the street?

A. who, who B. which, that C. who, that D. that, who

解題思路：將此題的定語(yǔ)從句____ played basketball very well刪除，提煉出主句，然后將主句的疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序還原成陳述語(yǔ)序：It was Bill ____ helped the blind man across the street.即能確定此題考查的是it was…that…這個(gè)句型，再判斷定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用who，故答案為Ｃ。

3. The reason ____ he gave for his absence was ____ he had missed the bus.

A. why; that B. that; because

C. why; because D. which; that

解題思路：將此題的定語(yǔ)從句____ he gave for his absence刪除，提煉出主句：The reason was ____ he had missed the bus。即能確定此空考查的是the reason was that…這個(gè)句型，再判斷定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用that/which/…，故答案為Ｄ。

4. The doctor did everything he could ____ the little boy.

A. to save B. save C. saving D. be saved

解題思路：將此題的定語(yǔ)從句he could (do)刪除，提煉出主句：The doctor did everything ____ the little boy。即能確定此空考查的是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故答案為Ａ。

5. ——Why was Professor Johnson unhappy those days?

——The only reason was that the theory he insisted on ____ wrong. A. proving B. being proved C. proved D. was proved

解題思路：將此題的定語(yǔ)從句he insisted on刪除，提煉出主句：The only reason was that the theory ____ wrong.即能確定此空考查的是“系動(dòng)詞+形容詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為Ｃ。

6. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ____ some schools for poor children.

A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up

解題思路：將此題的定語(yǔ)從句he had刪除，提煉出主句：Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all to ____ some schools for poor children。即能確定此空考查的是devote…to doing…這個(gè)句型，故答案為Ｂ。

(二)將含有修飾語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)的句子提煉中心語(yǔ)

７. He has made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is B. which I think it is

C. of which I think it is D. I think which is

解題思路：將此題選項(xiàng)中的插入語(yǔ)Ｉ think先刪除，提煉出中心語(yǔ)：____ is of great importance to science。即能確定此空考查的是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，故答案為Ａ。

8. The man referred to ____ here just now.

A. has come B. came C. coming D. come

解題思路：將此題定語(yǔ)referred to先刪除，提煉出中心語(yǔ)：The man ____ here just now.即能確定此空考查的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故答案為Ｂ。

9. The Smiths looked forward with hope ____ a chance to go abroad.

A. to get B. of getting C. in getting D. to getting

解題思路：將此題狀語(yǔ)with hope先刪除，提煉出中心語(yǔ)：The Smiths looked forward ____ a chance to go abroad。即能確定此空考查的是look forward to doing這個(gè)句型，故答案為Ｄ。

10. The local government is trying as much as it can ____ the cultural relics.

A. protect B. to protect

C. protecting D. to be protected

解題思路：將此題修飾語(yǔ)as…as it can先刪除，提煉出中心語(yǔ)：The local government is trying much ____ the cultural relics.即能確定此空考查的是try to do這個(gè)句型，故答案為Ｂ。

11. Tom spent as much time as he could ____ English.

A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. to be learned

解題思路：將此題修飾語(yǔ)as…as he could先刪除，提煉出中心語(yǔ)：Tom spent much time ____ English.即能確定此空考查的是spend time doing這個(gè)句型，故答案為Ａ。