鄭紅燕

主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主體,它的位置一般在句首,主語(yǔ)可以是單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。

謂語(yǔ)是主體的動(dòng)作，一般放在主語(yǔ)后面， 謂語(yǔ)可由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)組成。

例如：I love my mother.

其中I就是主語(yǔ)，love就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，my mother就是賓語(yǔ)。

主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)句子的兩大成分，除少數(shù)句子（如祈使句和感嘆句等）外，一句話必須同時(shí)具有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意思才能完整。主語(yǔ)是針對(duì)謂語(yǔ)而言的，是一句話的主題，謂語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況，為主語(yǔ)提供信息。例如：They are working.主語(yǔ)是they(他們)，那么他們?cè)谧鍪裁茨?？看?lái)沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)are working 是不行的。在正常情況下，英語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的位置與漢語(yǔ)一致，也就是說(shuō)主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)緊跟其后。那么，哪些詞語(yǔ)可以作主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ),下面將一一講述。

一、哪些詞可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)

1.名詞 例如：

A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.

The first truck is carrying a few baskets.

The temperature will stay above zero.

The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.

China does not want to copy the USAs example.

2.代詞 例如：

Its a young forest.

I dont know if it will grow.

Thats a bit expensive.

Youd better buy a new pair.

Im afraid we havent got any black shoes.

3.數(shù)詞 例如：

One and two is three.

One is not enough for me. I want one more.

One of them is English.

Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.

Two will be enough.

4.不定式 （常以 Its+adj. to do sth. 形式出現(xiàn)） 例如：

To give is better than to receive.=Its better to give.

I found it difficult to get to sleep.

To become a nurse is my wish.

5.It 作主語(yǔ)，有如下情況：

1)指代剛剛提到的事物：——Whats this? ——Its a bus.(指代what)

2)指代一個(gè)你不知道或判斷不清性別的人：

——Whos knocking the door? ——Its me. (指代 who)

——Whos the baby in the picture? ——Its my sister.(指代 who)

3)表示時(shí)間，天氣，距離：

——Whats the time? ——Its eight oclock. (時(shí)間)

——Whats it going to be tomorrow?

——Its going to be rainy.(天氣)

——How far is it? ——Its about one kilometre away. (距離)

6.there引起的There be句型中，be作謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)位居其后。例如：

There are many different kinds of mooncakes.

There will be a strong wind.

7.動(dòng)詞的-ing形式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)。例如:

Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.

8.從句作主語(yǔ)

作主語(yǔ)的從句稱為主語(yǔ)從句?？捎蓆hat, whether, wh-等詞引導(dǎo)。

例如：That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.

[友情提示]有時(shí)介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞也可作主語(yǔ)。例如：

Between six and seven in the morning is the time I go jogging.

Nearby is a good place for camping.

二、謂語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞）必須用動(dòng)詞,它在主語(yǔ)后面。謂語(yǔ)的中心詞是限定動(dòng)詞，有人稱、數(shù)的變化。謂語(yǔ)大體上可分為兩類：簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)和復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。

簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)

凡是由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)，不管是什么時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，都是簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)。例如：

I like walking. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

I made your birthday cake last night. (一般過(guò)去時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

The plane takes off at 8, but this morning it may be delayed by the thick fog.

I have tried this way three times and failed three times.

復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)也可分為兩種情況：

第一種是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。例如：

What does this word mean?

I wont do it again.

Ill go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.

Youd better catch a bus.

第二種是由“連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。例如：

You look the same.

The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.

Keep quiet and listen to me.

He looked worried.

We have to get up early in the morning.

He seemed rather tired last night.

福建省永安市第一中學(xué)