黃雪蘭　郭端英　陳花金

【摘要】 目的 評(píng)價(jià)超聲與宮腔鏡聯(lián)合診斷子宮內(nèi)膜息肉的臨床應(yīng)用。方法 回顧性分析2003-2007年在本院就診經(jīng)病理確診為子宮內(nèi)膜息肉的76例患者資料，全部病例在宮腔鏡手術(shù)前均行經(jīng)陰道超聲檢查和超聲與宮腔鏡聯(lián)合檢查，比較經(jīng)陰道超聲和超聲與宮腔鏡聯(lián)合檢查對(duì)子宮內(nèi)膜息肉的檢出率，分析子宮內(nèi)膜息肉的經(jīng)陰道超聲聲像圖、超聲與宮腔鏡聯(lián)合檢查的鏡下特征和兩種檢查方法的誤診原因，評(píng)價(jià)和探討超聲與宮腔鏡聯(lián)合檢查對(duì)子宮內(nèi)膜息肉的診斷價(jià)值。結(jié)果 病理證實(shí)的子宮內(nèi)膜息肉76例，經(jīng)陰道超聲檢出率為61.84%，超聲與宮腔鏡聯(lián)合檢出率為93.42%，兩種方法檢出率比較有顯著性差異(P<0.01)。經(jīng)陰道超聲聲像圖表現(xiàn)中高回聲團(tuán)塊81.58%、低回聲18.42%，基底部顯示血流信號(hào)22.37%、基底部未見(jiàn)血流信號(hào)77.63%，全部病例息肉內(nèi)均未見(jiàn)血流信號(hào)，誤診病例24例。超聲與宮腔鏡聯(lián)合檢查鏡下表現(xiàn)息肉呈卵圓形或圓型，顏色鮮紅色，表面光滑，有時(shí)可見(jiàn)微血管網(wǎng)紋，部分息肉可隨膨?qū)m液飄動(dòng)。誤診病例5例。結(jié)論 經(jīng)陰道超聲無(wú)創(chuàng)、操作簡(jiǎn)便，可作為子宮內(nèi)膜息肉普查的首選方法，但漏診率高；超聲與宮腔鏡聯(lián)合檢查診斷符合率高，結(jié)合病理學(xué)檢查，是診斷子宮內(nèi)膜息肉的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。術(shù)前對(duì)每個(gè)患者實(shí)行超聲與宮腔鏡聯(lián)合檢查，為提高手術(shù)成功率提供可靠依據(jù)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】子宮內(nèi)膜息肉；超聲與宮腔鏡；經(jīng)陰道超聲

The clinical application of ultrasound and hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps

HUANG Xue-lan，GUO Duan-ying，CHEN Hua-jin.Department of Ultrasound,Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital(Shenzhen NO.9 Peoples Hospital),Guangdong 518116,China

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the clinical application of ultrasound and hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps.Methods A retrospective analysis of 76 cases diagnosed by the pathological diagnosis of endometrial polyps from 2003 to 2007 in our hospital was adopted，all of which were examined by transvaginal ultrasound examination and ultrasound intervention hysteroscopy beforeoperation.The detection rate of endometrial polyps in these two methods was compared.The characteristics and misdiagnosis of these two ways were analyzed.The diagnostic value of ultrasound intervention hysteroscopy was estimated and explored.Results 76 cases were confirmed of endometrial polyps by pathology.The detection rate of which was 61.84%by transvaginal ultrasound，and 93.42%by ultrasound intervention hysteroscopy.The detection rate of the two methods are of significant different(P<0.01).81.58%of transvaginal Ultrasonographic showed echo clumps high，while l8.42%showed low echo.22.37%showed blood flow at the bottom，while 77.63 showed no blood flow at the bottom.All the polyps in both cases had no blood flow signals inside.24 cases were misdiagnosed.Conclusion Polyps under the endoscopic ultrasound intervention hysteroscopy were oval or circular,bright red，smooth.

Sometimes microvascular net could be seen and some polyps could be fluttered with the Palace of waves.Five cases were misdiagnosed.Conclusion vaginal ultrasound is non-invasive，simple andcan be used as the preferred way to the census of endometrial polyps，but its missed rate is high.The accordance rate of endoscopic ultrasound intervention hysteroscopy is high，which is the gold standard of the diagnosis of endometrial polyps with pathological examination.If each of the patients was carried out the intervention hysteroscopy ultrasound,the success rate of operation can be improved.

【Key words】Endometrial polyps； Ultrasound intervention； Hysteroscopy； Transvaginal ultrasound

子宮內(nèi)膜息肉是婦科常見(jiàn)病、多發(fā)病，國(guó)內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道，估計(jì)其發(fā)生率為女性的24%~25%^[1]。臨床表現(xiàn)月經(jīng)量過(guò)多、經(jīng)期不規(guī)律、經(jīng)前或經(jīng)后少量陰道出血，婦科檢查往往無(wú)異常發(fā)現(xiàn)，易誤診為功能失調(diào)性子宮出血。常規(guī)止血、激素治療及刮宮往往無(wú)效，常因久治不愈或嚴(yán)重貧血而導(dǎo)致子宮切除。本文報(bào)告超聲與宮腔鏡聯(lián)合診斷子宮內(nèi)膜息肉的價(jià)值。

1 資料和方法

1.1 研究對(duì)象 2003-2007年在本院就診經(jīng)病理確診為子宮內(nèi)膜息肉的患者76例，年齡21~75歲，平均39歲。