• 
    

    
    

      99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

      班輪聯(lián)盟集裝箱艙位互換規(guī)劃與決策模型

      2010-12-01 03:58:36陳繼紅
      關(guān)鍵詞:艙位班輪國際航運(yùn)

      陳繼紅 真 虹)

      (上海海事大學(xué)交通運(yùn)輸學(xué)院1) 上海 200135) (上海國際航運(yùn)研究中心2) 上海 200082)

      Strategic alliances is very important in liner shipping industry.Shipping companies can cooperate by the exchange of container slot[1].

      Cho and Perakis[2]established linear models or fleet and route optimization;Teodor Gabriel Crainic[3]studied the designing of cargo network.Brian Slackc,Claude Com tois,Robert M ccalla[4]studied strategic alliance of shippingw ith global view s.Chen Jihong,Zhen Hong,Zong Beihua[5]estab lished a new linear model for slot chartering.With themerger and alliance,scholars paid more attention to shipping alliance.

      1 Conventional linearm odel

      The conventional linear m odel for liner shipping,w ithout cooperation,isas follow s[6-7]:mins.t.

      Param eters exp lanation for the above model are as follow s:i is symbol for ships;j is sym bol for routes;cij is transport cost of a consecutive voyages for ship i in route j;Z0is costs of shipping system;δj isopportunity cost for each TEU(twenty equivalentunit)in rout j;mi is number o f ship i;nijismaxim um consecutive voyages for ship i in route j;N i is capacity(TEU)of ship i;Qj is forward shipment(TEU)in route j;xij is decision variab le,number of consecutive voyages for ship i in route j;uj is decision variable,uncarried TEU in rout j.

      Branch-bound method and cutting-plane al-gorithm[8]are theoretically effective.MATLAB program is useful and effective[9].Exp lanation o f the param eters and formu las for the above m odel is almost the same as the follow ing model.

      2 Nonlinear integer model for slot exchange

      This model is a non linear integer model[10].Decision variables are as follow s,,,,,,etc.Specially,andshould be confined with the conventional linear m odel.

      2.1 Parameters exp lanation

      S:set for shipping alliancesm em bers,?l∈S;?h∈S;l≠h;l,h:symbol for com pany,l≠h;k,i:symbol for ships,k for com pany h,i for company l;j:symbol for liner shipping routes;:costs of system of company l,h.:transport cost of a consecutive voyage of company l,h for ship i,k in route j;,:opportunity cost of com pany i,h for each TEU in rout j;,:slot costof one TEU of ship i,k in route j offered by com pany l,h:number of ship i,k from company l,h;,:maximum consecutive voyages for ship i,k of company l,h in route j;,:capacity o f ship i,k of company l,h;,:forward shipment of company l,h in route j,:decision variab le,number of consecutive voyages for ship i,k of com pany l,h in route j;,:decision variable,num ber of cooperative consecutive voyages for ship i,k of company l,h in route j;,:decision variable,num ber of slots for exchange,offered by com pany l,h,from ship i,k in route j for each consecutive voyages.,:decision variable,un-carried TEU of company l,h in rout j.

      2.2 Formulas exp lanation

      Form ula(5)means system cost shou ld be m inimized;formula(6)and(7)mean system cost should be notmore than that without cooperation;formu la(8)and(9)show number of cooperative voyagesmay be less than a fixed number;formula(10)and(11)mean the largest number of the ships;formula(12)and(13)show the carrying tasks;formula(14)and(15)m ean that cooperative voyage and container slots forexchangew illexistat the same time;formula(16)to(21)are non-negativity or integral or other restrictions.

      2.3 Algorithm for the nonlinear integerm odel

      There is no much effective algorithm for non linear integer model[10].This paper app lied an ant colony optimization algorithm[11-12].Ant algorithm s aremu lti-agent system s,called artificial ant.

      Choose n variables as n-level decision-making problem.There are Finodes for i-level.Initially,artificial ants are at the first level.Each ant builds,starting from the source node,a solution by app lying a step by step decision policy.W hen located at a level j,the ants use the pherom one trailτijto compute the p robability of choosing node i:

      W hen the arc(i,j)is traversed,the pheromone value changes:

      whereρis the evaporation rate and lies in between[0,1].Usually,we can setρ∈[0.5,0.9].The parameter Q represents a positive number;and f is the objective function value.By using this rule,the probability increases that forthcoming antsw ill use this arc.Major procedure for the algorithm is as follow s:(1)set parameters and initialize pheromone(set circle number cn,τij,Q,p);(2)Put m ants at the first level;(3)each ant get n nodes,using the pheromone trailτij to compute the probability of choosing node i;(4)compute the ob jective function value f,if f < the given num ber,←+,and cn←cn+1;(5)if cn>the given number,stop;otherw ise go to(2).The model invo lvesmany variab les,w e can deal w ith it w ith the help of MATLAB.

      3 Application&data simulation

      We suppose two shipping companies A and B cooperate in form of slot exchange.A and B cooperate foreach voyage in 4 container shipping route;and the largest number of slot exchange for the two companies is half of each ship's capacity.Planning period is a quarter of a year.Specific data can be got from Table 1~3.

      Table1 Freight volume(TEU)for each company

      Table2 Largest number o f voyages for each ship in the rout

      Table 3 Different kinds of costs for one consecutive voyage or one TEU(thousand USD)

      Firstly,w e can use the conventional linear m odel for p lanning of com pany A and B respectively.The results form MATLAB in Table 4.

      From Table 4,we know w ithout slot exchange,shipping system total cost are as follow s=97 700 for A;and=34 050 for B.A nd summ ation of the total cost is 131 750.

      Table 4 Number of consecutive voyages for each company and the total cost(thousand USD)

      3.1 Decision-making for slot exchange

      W ith the help of MATLAB,results of the nonlinear integermodel for slotexchange are listed from Table 5 to Tab le 7.

      Table 5 Number of consecutive voyages for each com pany under shipping alliance and the total cost(thousand USD)

      Table6 Number of cooperative voyages offered under shipping alliance

      Table7 Number of container slots(TEU)offered by each company for each consecutive voyage

      Com paring Tab le 5 w ith Table 4,the total cost for A and B all descend by a large scale.For A,system cost descend to 63 890,descending by 34.6%;and for B,system cost descend to 31 000,descending by about 9.0%.And the total cost descends to 94 890,descending by about 28%.

      3.2 Sensitivity analysis

      Let the freight task of each route vary by a small scale continuously,the change of system cost for two companies will be observed.The fluctuation range can be referred to following figures.From the figures,we know route 1 and route 3m ay bem ore beneficial to cooperation of the companies.In the figures:

      COSTA,COSTB:system cost of company A,B;RATE:percentage(%)of the change of freight task of the route;M EAN:value o f system cost.

      Fig.1 Sensitivity analysis for Route 1

      Fig.2 Sensitivity analysis for Route 2

      Fig.3 Sensitivity analysis for Route 3

      Fig.4 Sensitivity analysis for Route 4

      4 Conclusion

      Slot exchange is thebasic and effective form o f cooperation for shipping alliance.This study offered a nonlinear integer model as a decisionsupport too l to reduce system cost and management performance of liner shipping alliance m em bers.The proposed new model can help p lanners maker better decision m aking under shipping-alliance constrains.Additionally,the m odelw as exp lained using a case study.Experimental results show the proposedmodelhasbetter app licability and performance than conventionalmodels.

      [1]Ding Yusong.Basic form and main elements of the agreement for cooperation for container liner routes[J].Containerization,2003,14(1):15-17.

      [2]S.C.Cho,A.N.Perakis.Optimal liner fleet routing strategies[J].Maritime Policy and M anagement,1996,23(3):249-259.

      [3] Teodor Gabriel Crainic.Service netw ork design in freight transportation[J].European Journalo f Operational Research,2000,122(2):272-288.

      [4]Slack B,Claude Com tois,Robert M cca lla.Strategic alliance in the container shipping industry:a global perspective[J].Maritime Policy &Management,2002,29(1):65-76.

      [5]Chen Jihong,Zhen Hong,Zong Beihua.Imp roved vessel allocationmodel o f liner shipping and its app lication for slot chartering under shipping alliance[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2008,8(3):120-125.

      [6]Zhao Gang.Analysis and im provement on the vessel allocation model of liner service[J].Journal of Systems Engineerings,1997,12(1):80-86.

      [7] Xie Xinlian.M ethods for ship scheduling and fleet planning[M].Beijing:Peop le's Traffic Press,2000.

      [8]N iu Yingw u.Operation Reasearch[M].Xi'an:Xi'an Jiao Tong University Press,2005.

      [9]Wang Jinghui,Qiao Weim ing.A general algorithm of solving linear integer p rogramm ing and its MATLAB app lication[J].Computer Engineering,2005,31(6):20-24.

      [10]Lu ChinShan,Lai Keehung,Cheng T C E.App lication of structural equation modeling to evaluate the intention of shippers to use Internet services in liner shipping[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2007,180(2):845-867.

      [11] Li Shiyong.Ant colony algorithm and application[M].Harbin:H arbin Institute of Technology Press,2004.

      [12]Gao Shang,Yang Jingyu.Ant colony op tim ization algorithm for non linear integer p rogramm ing[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2005,29(10):120-123.

      猜你喜歡
      艙位班輪國際航運(yùn)
      伊斯蘭金融:面向“一帶一路”國際航運(yùn)融資模式探討
      數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)航空收益管理艙位分配研究*
      國際集裝箱市場變化及帶來的潛在挑戰(zhàn)
      大陸橋視野(2017年9期)2017-08-07 15:00:08
      第三十八周:每個(gè)人的艙位都是單人艙
      媽媽寶寶(2017年3期)2017-02-21 01:22:26
      基于聯(lián)盟互租戰(zhàn)略的近洋航線班輪艙位互租與分配優(yōu)化
      亞洲區(qū)域內(nèi)集裝箱運(yùn)輸貿(mào)易展望
      大陸橋視野(2016年7期)2016-06-13 06:42:37
      同類型班輪單線配船新方法研究
      企業(yè)公告
      20大班輪公司占市場份額84.5%
      中國船檢(2011年8期)2011-08-15 00:42:40
      CCS黨委書記孫立成在“國際航運(yùn)上海論壇2010”發(fā)表演講
      中國船檢(2010年4期)2010-05-26 05:16:18
      巨野县| 淅川县| 咸宁市| 尚志市| 龙州县| 和顺县| 婺源县| 屯昌县| 海伦市| 金山区| 苏州市| 南昌市| 寻乌县| 仙桃市| 井冈山市| 永丰县| 尚志市| 曲麻莱县| 九寨沟县| 离岛区| 家居| 乌鲁木齐县| 南阳市| 府谷县| 松潘县| 肥城市| 岐山县| 上思县| 清新县| 尉氏县| 尼木县| 宜春市| 宝鸡市| 马公市| 珠海市| 永定县| 沁阳市| 黄大仙区| 思茅市| 东光县| 周宁县|