句子:我國某大學(xué)在校慶前夕將移植牛頓蘋果樹的枝條到其校園。
誤譯:On the eve of its school anniversary, a university of our country would transplant a few branches of Newtons apple trees on its campus.
正譯:On the eve of its school anniversary, a university of our country would have a few branches of Newtons apple trees transplanted on its campus.
解釋:to transplant 的意思是to move a growing plant and plant it somewhere else,即“移植”。原譯文中的university做主語,transplant做謂語,會(huì)使人把university當(dāng)成移植的實(shí)際操作者。事實(shí)上,該university 只是移植的策劃者和指揮者。為避免歧義,最好用 to have sth done 句型。
“移植”的第一個(gè)意思是“將秧苗或樹木移到別處栽種”,或稱“移栽”。英語可以譯為 to transplant。例如:1. 農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人正在往稻田移栽秧苗。The farm workers are transplanting rice seedlings into the paddy fields. 2. 這個(gè)植物園里有各種各樣從國外移植來的花木。In this botanical garden, there are varieties of flowers and trees transplanted from overseas.
“移植”的第二個(gè)意思是“將機(jī)體的某組織或某器官移到同一機(jī)體或另一機(jī)體的有缺陷部位”。英語動(dòng)詞可以譯為 to transplant, to graft;名詞可以譯為 transplant, transplanting, grafting。例如:3. 這些外科醫(yī)生已成功地給這個(gè)四歲孩子移植了肝臟。The surgeons have successfully transplanted a liver into the four-year-old child.
“移植”的第三個(gè)意思是比喻“引進(jìn)別處的成果或經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。英語可以譯為 to transplant。例如:4. 近幾十年來,京劇從各種地方戲曲移植了不少優(yōu)秀劇目。Over the last few decades, many excellent repertoires have been transplanted from various local operas into Beijing Opera. ▲
(本欄目供稿:王逢鑫教授)