顧祖良

（常熟理工學(xué)院 外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院，江蘇 常熟 215500）

《高校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試大綱》和《高校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試大綱》對(duì)寫(xiě)作測(cè)試分別做出了規(guī)定：前者a）作文。要求根據(jù)所給的題目和列出的寫(xiě)作提綱或圖表、數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)表等寫(xiě)一篇200詞的短文，能做到內(nèi)容切題、完整，條理清楚，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語(yǔ)法正確，語(yǔ)言通順恰當(dāng)。作文的類(lèi)別有說(shuō)明文、議論文或記敘文。b）便條。要求根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)大約50～60詞的便條、通知、請(qǐng)?zhí)取Ｒ笞龅礁袷秸_，語(yǔ)言得體。后者考生應(yīng)能根據(jù)所給題目及要求撰寫(xiě)一篇400詞左右的說(shuō)明文或議論文。要求語(yǔ)言通順，用詞得體，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，文體恰當(dāng)，并具有說(shuō)服力。這不僅要求學(xué)生有扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)基本功，還要掌握英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的相關(guān)知識(shí)。為了讓學(xué)生在考試時(shí)取得好成績(jī)，上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)的沈金佰副教授主編了《英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)4級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作黃金模板》（下文簡(jiǎn)稱《四級(jí)》）、黃任教授主審了《英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)8級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文背誦》（下文簡(jiǎn)稱《八級(jí)》）。這兩書(shū)不僅提供了熱點(diǎn)作文題、精彩的范文，而且還在每篇范文后精心設(shè)計(jì)了閃光詞句和重點(diǎn)詞句，并給予精彩的賞析與點(diǎn)評(píng)。不過(guò)，在所給范文中，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)有一些英語(yǔ)句子不規(guī)范，存在著詞匯和語(yǔ)法等方面的錯(cuò)誤，可能會(huì)誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生。本文舉出一些實(shí)例，加以淺析，供讀者參考。

一、詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤

1.冠詞錯(cuò)誤

（1）For one thing，I am of opinion that library is more of a reliable source of information.（《四級(jí)》p.30）

此句有誤：be of the opinion that是固定搭配，冠詞 the不可缺少。例如：

1）“The committee is of the opinion that Barnes was wrongfully dismissed.委員會(huì)認(rèn)為解雇巴訥斯，解雇錯(cuò)了?！保?］1018

2）“Aristotle was of the opinion that there would always be rich and poor in society.亞里斯多德認(rèn)為社會(huì)上總有富人和窮人。”［2］994

另外，library是可數(shù)名詞，作單數(shù)用時(shí)，一般不單獨(dú)使用，其前要跟相應(yīng)的冠詞連用。

因此，（1）句宜改為：For one thing，I am of the opinion that a library ismore of a reliable source of in?formation.

（2）Besides，if the interview takes the form of workshop，the interviewee will learn the importance of taking initiative or cooperating with others.（《八級(jí)》p.18）

此句take the initiative是固定搭配，冠詞the不可缺少。例如：

3）“He took the initiative in organizing a party af?ter his brother’s wedding.他弟弟的婚禮過(guò)后，他代替籌辦了一次聚會(huì)?！保?］896

4）“Itwas up to the US to take the initiative in re?pairing relations.在修復(fù)關(guān)系方面應(yīng)由美國(guó)采取主動(dòng)?！保?］909

因此，（2）句宜改為：Besides，if the interview takes the form of workshop，the interviewee will learn the importance of taking the initiative or cooperating with others.

2.名詞錯(cuò)誤

（1）Undoubtedly，trainees willmake better prepa?ration for their exams.（《四級(jí)》p.101）

（2）Let’s look forward，and the most important thing is to make good preparation for the next exam.（《四級(jí)》p.184）

以上兩句中的preparation用得欠妥，make prepa?rations for sth.是固定搭配，preparations不可改為preparation。例如：

5）“The country ismaking preparations for war.這個(gè)國(guó)家正在進(jìn)行備戰(zhàn)?！保?］1351

6）“Preparations are beingmade for the President’s visit.正在作準(zhǔn)備迎接總統(tǒng)的來(lái)訪?！保?］1132

因此，原句宜改為：

（1）Undoubtedly，trainees willmake better prepa?rations for their exams.

（2）Let’s look forward，and the most important thing is tomake good preparations for the next exam.

3.介詞錯(cuò)誤

（1）In my point of view，there are some reasons for it.（《四級(jí)》p.154）

此句中的in my point of view有誤，按英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，既可說(shuō)in one’s view，也可說(shuō)from one’s point of view或 from one’s viewpoint，不說(shuō) in one’s point of view。例如：

7）“In my view，he’s a fool.照我看，他是個(gè)傻瓜?！保?］400

8）“From my point of view，no changes should be made.依我看，不應(yīng)該作任何改變。”［5］415

9）“From his viewpoint，he had done nothing wrong.依他看來(lái)，他沒(méi)做錯(cuò)什么。”［1］1608

因此，（1）句宜改為：From my point of view，there are some reasons for it.也可改為：In my view/ From my viewpoint，there are some reasons for it.

（2）Values and ethics should be inculcated to peo?ple as they mature，as that kind of information will build them for being good citizens.（《八級(jí)》p.173）

此句有誤：動(dòng)詞inculcate的句型是inculcate sth. in/into/on/upon sb.，或inculcate sb.with sth.inculcate作“向某人反復(fù)灌輸某事”解，不跟介詞to連用。例如：

10）“They inculcated the will to succeed in all their children.他們向他們所有的子女反復(fù)灌輸立志成功的決心?！保?］884

11）“Schools inculcate patriotic ideas into chil?dren from an early age.學(xué)校從早期教育開(kāi)始就向?qū)W生灌輸愛(ài)國(guó)主義思想?！保?］207

12）“The teacher inculcated love of knowledge on/ upon his students.老師諄諄教導(dǎo)學(xué)生要熱愛(ài)知識(shí)。”［7］265

13）“They inculcated all their children with the will to succeed.他們諄諄教誨他們所有的孩子要立志取得成功?！保?］884

因此，（2）句宜改為：Values and ethics should be inculcated in/into/on people as they mature，as that kind of information will build them for being good citi?zens.

4.連詞錯(cuò)誤

（1）Also，entering the classroom after the instruc?tion’s presentation has started can be distracting both to the instructor as well as to other students.（《八級(jí)》p.88）

（2）This way，it will eventually benefit both us clients and the service industry alike.（《八級(jí)》p.156）

以上兩例中的as well as和alike用得欠妥，both后要跟 and連用。例如：

14）“Both his mother and his father will be there.他父母二人都要去那里?！保?］183

15）“For this job you will need a good knowledge of both Italian and Spanish.擔(dān)任這項(xiàng)工作需要精通意大利語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)?！保?］183

因此，原例句宜分別改為：

（1）Also，entering the classroom after the instruc? tion’s presentation has started can be distracting both to the instructor and to other students.或Also，enter?ing the classroom after the instruction’s presentation has started can be distracting to the instructor as well as to other students.

（2）This way，it will eventually benefit both us clients and the service industry.或This way，it will eventually benefit us clients and the service industry alike.

5.詞性錯(cuò)誤

（1）Being lack of sleep and dinner，children are more likely to get irritable and suffer from severe mal?nutrition.（《四級(jí)》p.87）

此句有誤：lack是名詞，并非形容詞；表示“缺少”時(shí)，可用動(dòng)詞lack，也可用be lacking in。前者既可跟物質(zhì)名詞也可跟抽象名詞，而后者只跟抽象名詞；也可用be short of來(lái)表示“缺少”，其后跟物質(zhì)名詞。例如：

16）“Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.有些住宅仍沒(méi)有像衛(wèi)生間這樣的基本設(shè)施?！保?］974

17）“She has the determination that her brother lacks.她有決心，而她兄弟卻沒(méi)有。”［4］975

18）“We’re short of sugar/apples.我們?nèi)鄙偬牵厶O(píng)果］?！保?］970

因此，（1）句宜改為：Lacking sleep and dinner，children are more likely to get irritable and suffer from severe malnutrition.也可改為：Being short of sleep and dinner，children are more likely to get irritable and suffer from severe malnutrition.還可改為：For lack of sleep and dinner，children are more likely to get irritable and suffer from severe malnutrition.（for lack of sth.作“因缺少……”解）

（2）People，especially fashion-followers are often“blackmailed”by fashion-designers and stores，for the clothes they call fashionable are often uncom fort?able to wear and do not worth the marked price as their real value deserves.（《八級(jí)》p.196）

此句有誤：worth不是動(dòng)詞，是介詞，常用在be動(dòng)詞后。例如：

19）“How much is your car worth？你的車(chē)子值多少錢(qián)？”［3］2021

20）“It is well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.很值得花一番工夫去學(xué)會(huì)怎樣做這事?！保?］2021

因此，（2）句宜改為：People，especially fash?ion-followers are often“blackmailed”by fashion-de?signers and stores，for the clothes they call fashion?able are often uncom fortable to wear and are not worth themarked price as their real value deserves.

二、句式錯(cuò)誤

（1）Please give me a phone call and letme know whether it is OK，or when you are convenient.（《四級(jí)》p.190）

此句有誤：按照英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，形容詞conve?nient，不可用于sb.be convenient的結(jié)構(gòu)，宜用在 it is convenient to/for sb.的句型中。例如：

21）“If it is convenient to you，I will call at two o’clock.如果你方便的話，我2點(diǎn)鐘給你打電話?！保?］147

22）“Come whenever it is convenient to you.什么時(shí)候方便就什么時(shí)候來(lái)?！保?］359

因此，（1）句宜改為：Please give me a phone call and letme know whether it is OK，or when it is conve?nient to you.

（2）May you a quick recovery.（《四級(jí)》p.209）

此句may sb后不可直接跟名詞，要跟動(dòng)詞再加其他成分；而wish sb后可直接跟名詞。例如：

23）“May you have a very happy married life.祝你的婚姻生活幸福美滿?！保?］1090

24）“May both the bride and groom have long and happy lives.祝新郎新娘生活美滿白頭偕老?！保?］885

25）“We wish you amerry Christmas.祝你圣誕快樂(lè)?！保?］1811

26）“She called to wish me a happy birthday.她打電話來(lái)祝我生日快樂(lè)?！保?］1657

因此，（2）句宜改為：May you have a quick recov?ery.或可改為：W ish you a quick recovery.

從上述的實(shí)例和分析中，我們可以看出在《英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)4級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作黃金模板》和《英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)8級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文背誦》的作文范文中確實(shí)存在著不少錯(cuò)誤，有英語(yǔ)詞匯方面的，也有英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法方面的錯(cuò)誤。由于篇幅有限，原書(shū)中還有其他錯(cuò)誤如動(dòng)詞搭配不當(dāng)?shù)?，在本文中未提及。筆者認(rèn)為既然是范文，應(yīng)盡量避免出現(xiàn)各種錯(cuò)誤，否則，會(huì)誤導(dǎo)讀者。筆者希望原作者能注意到上述所指出的錯(cuò)誤，若再版時(shí)，糾正錯(cuò)誤，讓讀者能真正從中受益，提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作水平。

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