楊劍敏

我們?cè)趥淇嫉臅r(shí)候或者指導(dǎo)考生閱讀技巧的時(shí)候，常常關(guān)注題型，如主旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題等，但是我們常常忽略題型背后涉及運(yùn)用的語言知識(shí)，包括句子結(jié)構(gòu)（syntax）、語法、語篇特色等，而其中對(duì)語法在閱讀理解中的重要性可能更加被忽視。我們傳統(tǒng)的觀念是語法學(xué)習(xí)就是用以解答語法題，但事實(shí)上語法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用對(duì)語篇的精準(zhǔn)理解有著舉足輕重的作用，其中對(duì)v-ing形式短語的準(zhǔn)確理解有助于準(zhǔn)確解答閱讀理解題。

縱觀近年廣東高考閱讀理解題，涉及對(duì)v-ing形式短語的理解題的題所占比例較大。2011年有8個(gè)小題（33，34，36， 37， 39， 40，41，42），2012年有3個(gè)小題（35， 36，38），2013 年有5個(gè)。 請(qǐng)看2013年的5個(gè)小題：

[例題一]A 篇27題

27. What can be inferred about Toms mother？

A. She was a rich lady.

B. She refused Toms request.

C. She wanted Tom to be a superhero.

D. She wanted to get Tom through the pain.

考生要找的對(duì)應(yīng)語篇和信息點(diǎn)是A篇第三段第三、四句Hearing this， the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume（戲裝）， finally she agreed.

句中包含Hearing this這個(gè)v-ing形式短語，該短語在句中作狀語，同時(shí)也起著承接上文“Maybe I could go as Superman，” he whispered to his mom，這個(gè)分詞是一個(gè)信息標(biāo)志，幫助考生快速準(zhǔn)確地找到題項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)信息。再聯(lián)系hesitate， had avoided buying， agreed這一連串的動(dòng)詞，不難得出答案D。

[例題二]A 篇28題

28. When Tom went for the third operation，he .

A. pretended to be painful

B. acted like a superhero

C. appeared in poor spirits

D. argued with his mother

考生要找的對(duì)應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)是A 篇第四段第一句Tom appeared as the powerful Superman， showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way可知，他的行為就像是一個(gè)超人。

句中showing off， waving his hand都是v-ing形式作伴隨狀語，greeting him是一個(gè)v-ing形式短語作定語，修飾the people，這些v-ing分詞短語栩栩如生地描寫和勾勒了一個(gè)非常樂觀自信的小男孩形象，答案很明顯是B，這是對(duì)v-ing形式掌握的另一個(gè)層次考查——考生應(yīng)該讀出言外之聲和形外之意。

[例題三]B篇34題

34. What can we infer from Paragraph 4？

A. Successful people like to show their great skills.

B. People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.

C. People need to achieve success at the cost of life.

D. It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.

考生要找的對(duì)應(yīng)信息點(diǎn)是由第四段：When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success，you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. Its sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent， but thinking that way does you no good，and theres a huge chance that youre wrong anyway。

在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，exhibiting...or having...是v-ing形式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語，exhibiting（顯示出，表現(xiàn)出）與like to show（喜歡表現(xiàn)）不是同一概念，排除選項(xiàng)A；由they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost可知選項(xiàng)C中的at the cost of life將范圍擴(kuò)大了，可排除。第二句是一個(gè)并列句， 前一個(gè)分句用了it 作形式主語，后一個(gè)分句用了thinking that way這個(gè)v-ing形式短語作主語，考生要分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不要以為這是一個(gè)狀語；由and后面的分句里的chance 后的一個(gè)同位語從句可以直接得出本題的答案為選項(xiàng)B。

由此可見，要正確解答此題，考生在找到這兩句話后，要理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，其中對(duì)v-ing形式以及從句的的良好掌握對(duì)于正確解題至關(guān)重要。

[例題四]C篇36題

36. When he first met the author， David

A. felt a little excited

B. walked energetically

C. looked a little nervous

D. showed up with his teacher

考生要找的對(duì)應(yīng)信息點(diǎn)是第一段第三句He kept walking up and down restlessly， his face pale，and his hands shaking slightly， 句中劃線部分是由“名詞+v-ing形式”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，與之前列的his face pale是由“名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立主格作伴隨狀語，只需準(zhǔn)確理解這兩個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的意思，就不難推出答案為選項(xiàng)C。

[例題五]D篇44題

44. Some programs can find out possible cheaters by _____.

A. checking the question answering speed

B. producing a large number of questions

C. scanning the Internet test question

D. giving difficult test question

解答這一題，考生要瀏覽最后兩段，其中一個(gè)信息點(diǎn)是最后一段的第一句Other programs can produce unique exam by drawing on a range list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.本句中有兩個(gè)跟在介詞by后面的v-ing形式作賓語，第二個(gè)v-ing形式后面又跟了一個(gè)賓語從句，使得句式結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，考生要抽絲剝繭才能找出答案A。

總之，由于v-ing形式構(gòu)成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，對(duì)其準(zhǔn)確理解對(duì)正確解答閱讀理解題非常重要。因此，備考老師和考生的應(yīng)給予足夠的重視。

（作者單位：廣雅中學(xué)）

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青