馬立超
(衡水市招生辦公室,河北 衡水053000)
動詞不定式是初中英語教學中的重點和難點,也是各省中考必考知識點,其表現(xiàn)形式為“to+動詞原形”,它是一種非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu),在句子中可做主語、賓語、補語、定語。下面結(jié)合中考英語試題,對其考點進行歸納梳理,供大家參考。
(1)It's hard for us _________ English well.(2012 江西)
A.learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning
分析:動詞不定式做主語時,常用it 作形式主語,而將真正的主語放在句末,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:It + be + adj. (修飾物)+for sb. + to do sth; It +be + adj. (修飾人)+of sb. + to do sth. It + take + sb. + some time + to do sth。 故選C。
(2)The children decide their school yard this Friday afternoon.(2013 河北?。?/p>
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
(3)—Driving less, walking more is good for our health.
—So I'd rather an hour's walk to work than consider driving?a car.(2013 湖北襄陽)
A. take B. take C. take D. taking
分析:使用不定式做賓語首先要看前邊的謂語動詞。 有些動詞如decide、want、wish、hope、plan、expect、would like 等 后 面 只 能 用不 定式做賓語;而有些動詞后加不帶to 的不定式做賓語,如had better, would rather, would/ could you please, why not, why don’t you 等。 故2B、3C
(4)It was time for class. Mr. King asked all the children ____ down quietly.(2013 山東濟南)
A.sit B.sat C.to sit D.sitting
(5)He lost his key. It made him________in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.(2013 年重慶)
A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay
(6)The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well.(2013 齊齊哈爾)
A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing
分 析: tell,ask,want,would like,invite,allow,encourage,teach,wish,advise 等動詞后面常加不定式做賓語補足語; 而使役動詞(make,let,have)和感官動詞(see,watch,notice,hear,feel)后則用不帶to 的不定式做賓語補足語,但要注意,變被動語態(tài)時要還原to。 故4C,5D,6B。
(7)When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place . (2013 四川涼山)
A. to live B. living in C. to live in
分析: 動詞不定式作后置定語, 常用于 “have+某事+to do”或“enough+名詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。當動詞不定式作定語和修飾的名詞存在動賓關系,動詞若是不及物動詞,需要在動詞后加介詞構(gòu)成動賓關系。故選C。
(8)— I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?
—I haven’t decided where ________.(2013 山東濟寧)
A. go B. went C. going D. to go
分析:考查“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 由句意“-我將去哈爾濱過暑假,你呢?-我還沒有決定去哪里。”decide 后可接賓語從句,也可接“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 故為D。
(9)I always tell my students ______ on the road because it’s really dangerous. (2013 廣州)
A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play
(10)You'd better __ her the surprising news now.(2013 揚州)
A. don't tell B. not tell C. won't tell D. not to tell
分析:一般情況下,動詞不定式的否定形式是在不定式符號to 前加not;但要注意由于had better 等一些動詞后常接不帶to 的不定式,其否定式為:had better not do sth。 故9A、10B。