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      串珠素小干擾RNA對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖的影響

      2014-04-20 09:01:16劉洪金趙忠鵬楊鵬輝段躍強(qiáng)王希良
      關(guān)鍵詞:串珠空白對(duì)照靶點(diǎn)

      劉洪金,趙忠鵬,付 艷,楊鵬輝,段躍強(qiáng),門 麗,趙 暉,杜 楠,王希良

      1解放軍總醫(yī)院第一附屬醫(yī)院 腫瘤二科,北京 100048;2軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 微生物流行病研究所,北京 100071

      串珠素小干擾RNA對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖的影響

      劉洪金1,趙忠鵬2,付 艷1,楊鵬輝2,段躍強(qiáng)2,門 麗2,趙 暉1,杜 楠1,王希良2

      1解放軍總醫(yī)院第一附屬醫(yī)院 腫瘤二科,北京 100048;2軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 微生物流行病研究所,北京 100071

      目的評(píng)估串珠素小干擾RNA(siRNA)對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖的影響。方法體外培養(yǎng)HCT15和HT29結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞,將構(gòu)建好的串珠素siRNA載體轉(zhuǎn)染培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞中,熒光顯微鏡下觀察轉(zhuǎn)染效率,qRT-PCR法檢測(cè)串珠素mRNA表達(dá),Western blot法檢測(cè)串珠素蛋白表達(dá),MTS法檢測(cè)串珠素siRNA對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖的影響。結(jié)果串珠素siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染腫瘤細(xì)胞48 h后,腫瘤細(xì)胞串珠素mRNA、蛋白水平均出現(xiàn)降低(P<0.05)。串珠素siRNA對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖有明顯的抑制作用(P<0.01)。結(jié)論串珠素siRNA對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖具有顯著的抑制效果。

      結(jié)直腸癌;HCT15;HT29;串珠素;siRNA

      結(jié)直腸癌是發(fā)病率較高的消化道腫瘤,發(fā)病趨勢(shì)呈現(xiàn)年輕化,與飲食習(xí)慣、生活環(huán)境等因素相關(guān)[1-2]。結(jié)直腸癌往往具有較高的侵襲性,以血管轉(zhuǎn)移常見;轉(zhuǎn)移性結(jié)直腸癌具有較差的預(yù)后[3-4]。串珠素是一種硫酸肝素糖蛋白,它廣泛表達(dá)于多種侵襲性腫瘤,比如結(jié)直腸癌和惡性黑色素瘤[5]。文獻(xiàn)表明串珠素參與腫瘤生長(zhǎng)、侵襲和腫瘤血管新生;串珠素在腫瘤血管侵襲中起著重要作用[6-7]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)主要在體外結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞系上檢測(cè)串珠素siRNA對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖的影響,為串珠素靶點(diǎn)藥物治療結(jié)直腸癌提供一些參考。

      材料和方法

      1 材料 HCT15和HT29細(xì)胞株購(gòu)于中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海生命科學(xué)研究院細(xì)胞資源中心。DMEM培養(yǎng)基、IMDM培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清、0.25%胰蛋白酶均購(gòu)于美國(guó)Hyclone公司??谷舜樗乜贵w、抗人β-actin抗體和羊抗兔抗體(二抗)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Cell signaling technology公司。串珠素siRNA序列據(jù)文獻(xiàn)合成,由美國(guó)Invitrogen公司合成,序列如下:5-GUUGGAGCAGCGGACAUAUTT-3-(sense)和3-TTCAACCUCGUCGCCUGUAUA-5-(anti-sense),電泳并測(cè)序鑒定[8]。退火后與pRNAT-U6.1/Neo載體(含綠色熒光)相連接。

      2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) HCT15細(xì)胞株培養(yǎng)于含10%胎牛血清的IMDM培養(yǎng)基中,HT29細(xì)胞株培養(yǎng)于含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基。放置于37℃、5% CO2的培養(yǎng)箱中,1 ~ 2 d換液1次,待貼壁細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)滿至80% ~ 90%時(shí)傳代。當(dāng)細(xì)胞達(dá)到對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的時(shí)開始進(jìn)行細(xì)胞試驗(yàn)。

      3 轉(zhuǎn)染 先將對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的細(xì)胞以5×105/孔鋪于六孔培養(yǎng)板,待細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)滿至90%時(shí)更換為無血清培養(yǎng)基,4 h后采用Lipofectamine 2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染。轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后PBS沖洗,收集細(xì)胞進(jìn)行后續(xù)試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染效率。

      4 Western blot 轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h收集細(xì)胞,提取蛋白,BCA法進(jìn)行蛋白定量,采用3% ~ 8%梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝膠(Invitrogen公司),上樣,電泳,采用PVDF膜轉(zhuǎn)膜,封閉慢搖床,浸入稀釋的一抗中(1∶500),于搖床上4℃雜交過夜,TBST洗膜3遍。取出PVDF膜,洗膜后孵育二抗(1∶5 000),搖床上雜交1 h。取出PVDF膜,TBST洗膜3遍。將ECL試劑盒內(nèi)的兩種試劑等體積混合后滴在PVDF膜上,反應(yīng)1 ~ 2 min,然后在暗屋中壓X線片45 min后曝光,分析結(jié)果。

      5 實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR 引物序列如下:串珠素:forward primer TGGCTGACAGCATCTCAGGA,reverse primer CGATGGAGCGAGTGAAATTCA,probe (5_FAM) ACTTCCAGATGGTTTATTTCCGAGCCCTG (3_ TAMRA)。β-actin:forward primer TGAGCGCG GCTACAGCTT,reverse primer TCCTTAATGTCACG CACGATTT,probe (5_FAM)-ACCACCACGGCCGAG CGG-(3_TAMRA)。引物合成于生工生物工程(上海)有限公司。收集細(xì)胞,采用Triozl法提取RNA,AMV法逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA,在ABI7500熒光定量PCR儀上進(jìn)行qRT-PCR。串珠素mRNA表達(dá)水平用內(nèi)參β-actin水平來校對(duì)。

      6 MTS法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖能力 腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)密度為70% ~ 80%時(shí),96孔板細(xì)胞鋪板,20 000/孔,置于37℃溫箱。24 h后換為新鮮血清培養(yǎng)基,同時(shí)加入串珠素siRNA試劑及轉(zhuǎn)染試劑。48 h后加入MTS試劑(Promega公司),37℃溫箱中放置2 h后置于酶標(biāo)儀,檢測(cè)490 nm波長(zhǎng)每孔的吸光度,繪制腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線。

      7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS15.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,數(shù)據(jù)用±s表示,采用單因素t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      結(jié) 果

      1 轉(zhuǎn)染后熒光顯微鏡下觀察 串珠素siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染腫瘤細(xì)胞后,腫瘤細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)綠色熒光并逐漸增多,轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染效率最高,可達(dá)70%以上,而空白對(duì)照組始終未見綠色熒光。見圖1。

      2 實(shí)時(shí)定量 PCR測(cè)定轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,和空白對(duì)照組及陰性對(duì)照組相比,siRNA組串珠素mRNA表達(dá)水平出現(xiàn)了明顯的降低。見圖2。

      圖 2 實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR檢測(cè)串珠素的mRNA水平表達(dá) A: HCT15細(xì)胞; B: HT29細(xì)胞Fig. 2 RT-PCR showing expression of perlecan mRNA in HCT15 cells (A) and HT29 cells (B) (aP<0.05, vs group C)

      3 Western blot法測(cè)定 轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,和空白對(duì)照組相比,siRNA組的串珠素蛋白表達(dá)水平出現(xiàn)了明顯的降低。見圖3。

      圖 1 轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h腫瘤細(xì)胞綠色熒光蛋白的表達(dá) A:轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA的HCT15細(xì)胞(×200); B: HCT15細(xì)胞空白對(duì)照組(×200); C:轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA的HT29細(xì)胞(×200); D: HT29細(xì)胞空白對(duì)照組(×200)Fig. 1 Expression of green fl uorescent protein in HCT15 cells (A), blank control HCT15 cells (B), and HT29 cells 48 h after transfected with perlecan siRNA (×200)

      4 串珠素siRNA對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖的影響轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,和空白對(duì)照組及陰性對(duì)照組相比,siRNA組腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖明顯受到抑制。見圖4。

      圖 3 Western blot法檢測(cè)兩種腫瘤細(xì)胞的串珠素蛋白表達(dá)情況 A: HCT15空白對(duì)照組;B: HCT15 siRNA組;C: HT29 空白對(duì)照組;D:HT29 siRNA組Fig. 3 Western blot showing expression of perlecan HCT15 control group (A), HCT15 siRNA group (B), HT29 control group (C) and HT29 siRNA group (D)

      圖 4 加入串珠素siRNA 48 h后,HCT15和HT29細(xì)胞增殖圖A: HCT15細(xì)胞; B: HT29細(xì)胞Fig. 4 Growth curves of HCT15 cells (A) and HT29 cells (B) 48 h after exposed to perlecan siRNA(bP<0.01, vs group C)

      討 論

      串珠素是細(xì)胞胞外基質(zhì)的主要成分,也分布于細(xì)胞膜表面及基底膜[8-9]。它與各種生長(zhǎng)因子關(guān)系密切,在腫瘤生長(zhǎng)、侵襲和腫瘤血管新生中起著重要的作用[10-12]。文獻(xiàn)表明轉(zhuǎn)移性結(jié)直腸癌表達(dá)高水平的串珠素;低轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤往往表達(dá)低水平的串珠素[11-13]。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)表明串珠素促進(jìn)腫瘤生長(zhǎng)和腫瘤血管新生[13]。因此串珠素是轉(zhuǎn)移性結(jié)直腸癌治療中一個(gè)潛在的藥物靶點(diǎn)[14-15]。

      本實(shí)驗(yàn)表明串珠素siRNA對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖具有顯著的抑制作用,串珠素的低表達(dá)導(dǎo)致了腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖的抑制,這表明串珠素是結(jié)直腸癌治療的常規(guī)藥物靶點(diǎn)。串珠素在腫瘤血管生成中發(fā)揮著重要作用,因此串珠素也是抑制腫瘤血管新生的腫瘤治療藥物靶點(diǎn)[3,16]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)為結(jié)直腸癌治療提供一個(gè)藥物靶點(diǎn),也為串珠素靶點(diǎn)的藥物治療提供一些參考[17-18]。

      1 Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2004, 350(23):2335-2342.

      2 Schultheis B, Folprecht G, Kuhlmann J, et al. Regorafenib in combination with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI as first- or second-line treatment of colorectal cancer: results of a multicenter, phase Ib study[J]. Ann Oncol, 2013, 24(6):1560-1567.

      3 Koutras AK, Starakis I, Kyriakopoulou U, et al. Targeted therapy in colorectal Cancer: current status and future challenges[J]. Curr Med Chem, 2011, 18(11): 1599-1612.

      4 Zoratto F, Rossi L, Zullo A, et al. Critical appraisal of bevacizumab in the treatment of metastatic colorectal Cancer[J]. Onco Targets Ther, 2012, 5: 199-211.

      5 Cohen IR, Murdoch AD, Naso MF, et al. Abnormal expression of perlecan proteoglycan in metastatic melanomas[J]. Cancer Res,1994, 54(22): 5771-5774.

      6 Ahsan MS, Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, et al. Differential expression of perlecan receptors, α-dystroglycan and integrin β1, before and after invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. J Oral Pathol Med, 2011, 40(7): 552-559.

      7 Zhou Z, Wang J, Cao R, et al. Impaired angiogenesis, delayed wound healing and retarded tumor growth in perlecan heparan sulfatedeficient mice[J]. Cancer Res, 2004, 64(14): 4699-4702.

      8 Tsuneki M, Cheng J, Maruyama S, et al. Perlecan-rich epithelial linings as a background of proliferative potentials of keratocystic odontogenic tumor[J]. J Oral Pathol Med, 2008, 37(5): 287-293.

      9 Ishijima M, Suzuki N, Hozumi K, et al. Perlecan modulates VEGF signaling and is essential for vascularization in endochondral bone formation[J]. Matrix Biol, 2012, 31(4): 234-245.

      10 Sakai K, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, et al. Angioinhibitory action of NK4 involves impaired extracellular assembly of fibronectin mediated by perlecan-NK4 association[J]. J Biol Chem, 2009, 284(33):22491-22499.

      11 Whitelock JM, Melrose J, Iozzo RV. Diverse cell signaling events modulated by perlecan[J]. Biochemistry, 2008, 47(43):11174-11183.

      12 Chuang CY, Lord MS, Melrose J, et al. Heparan sulfate-dependent signaling of fibroblast growth factor 18 by chondrocyte-derived perlecan[J]. Biochemistry, 2010, 49(26): 5524-5532.

      13 Jiang X, Couchman JR. Perlecan and tumor angiogenesis[J]. J Histochem Cytochem, 2003, 51(11):1393-1410.

      14 Sridhar SS, Mackenzie MJ, Hotte SJ, et al. A phase II study of cediranib (AZD 2171) in treatment naive patients with progressive unresectable recurrent or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A trial of the PMH phase 2 consortium[J]. Invest New Drugs, 2013, 31(4):1008-1015.

      15 Shin SJ, Hwang JW, Ahn JB, et al. Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/pAkt-positive cells as a functional pharmacodynamic marker in metastatic colorectal cancers treated with antiangiogenic agent[J]. Invest New Drugs, 2013, 31(1):1-13.

      16 Sun W. Angiogenesis in metastatic colorectal Cancer and the benefits of targeted therapy[J]. J Hematol Oncol, 2012, 5: 63.

      17 Goyal A, Pal N, Concannon M, et al. Endorepellin, the angiostatic module of perlecan, interacts with both the α2β1 integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2): a dual receptor antagonism[J]. J Biol Chem, 2011, 286(29): 25947-25962.

      18 Datta MW, Hernandez AM, Schlicht MJ, et al. Perlecan, a candidate gene for the CAPB locus, regulates prostate Cancer cell growth via the Sonic Hedgehog pathway[J]. Mol Cancer, 2006, 5: 9.

      Effect of perlecan siRNA on proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells

      LIU Hong-jin1, ZHAO Zhong-peng2, FU Yan1, YANG Peng-hui2, DUAN Yue-qiang2, MEN Li2, ZHAO Hui1, DU Nan1, WANG Xi-liang2
      1No.2 Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China;2Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
      Corresponding author: DU Nan. Email: dunan05@aliyun.com; WANG Xi-liang. Email: xiliangw@126.com

      ObjectiveTo assess the effect of perlecan siRNA on proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells.MethodsColorectal carcinoma HCT15 and HT29 cells were cultured in vitro. The constructed perlecan siRNA vector was transfected into HCT15 and HT29 cells. The transfection rate was observed under a fl uorescence microscope. Expression of perlecan siRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Effect of perlecan siRNA on proliferation of HCT15 and HT29 cells was detected by MTS.ResultsThe expression levels of perlecan mRNA and protein were significantly lower in HCT15 and HT29 cells 48 h after transfected with perlecan siRNA (P<0.05). Perlecan siRNA significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT15 and HT29 cells (P<0.01).ConclusionPerlecan siRNA can significantly inhibit the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells.

      colorectal cancer; HCT15; HT29; perlecan; siRNA

      R73-36

      A

      2095-5227(2014)06-0617-04

      10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.06.028

      2014-02-12 10:09

      http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20140212.1009.006.html

      2013-11-20

      北京科委首都醫(yī)療特色項(xiàng)目(2131107002213040)

      Supported by Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology (2131107002213040)

      劉洪金,男,在讀碩士。研究方向:腫瘤分子靶向治療。Email: liuhongjin1225@163.com

      杜楠,男,主任醫(yī)師,碩士生導(dǎo)師。Email: dunan05@ aliyun.com;王希良,男,研究員,碩士生導(dǎo)師。Email: xiliangw@ 126.com

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