By+Adam+Williams Cecilia+Wei
今夏,世界足球的頂級(jí)賽事世界杯在巴西拉開序幕,各國的球迷們又能大飽眼福啦!什么?擔(dān)心自己是球盲看不懂比賽?別著急,請(qǐng)先隨本文了解世界杯的奇聞?shì)W事和前世今生,再來欣賞精彩絕倫的比賽吧!
For some, the FIFA World Cup needs no introduction; Brazilian flair1), German resilience and Spanish tiki-taka2) dominance. Most of the globe is getting excited for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil this summer, but for those of you who havent yet felt the magic of the World Cup, heres a look through some of its history, so you can start feeling the magic, too.
The worlds first international football competition was staged at the 1920 Summer Olympics, held in and won by, Belgium. The competition continued within the Olympics during 1924 and 1928, and due to its success, FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) decided to stage its own international football competition outside of the Olympics. Uruguay were currently two-time world champions having won the Olympic competition in 1924 and 1928, and to celebrate their centenary of independence, FIFA named Uruguay as the host for the first inaugural3) World Cup tournament in 1930. In the final match, Uruguay defeated Argentina 4-2 in front of a crowd of 93,000 people in Montevideo, becoming the first nation to win the FIFA World Cup.
The most successful country in World Cup history is Brazil, having claimed the trophy five times in 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002. Brazil is widely held as the greatest nation to ever play the game, and as the saying goes, “England invented it; Brazil perfected it.”
Italy has won the second highest number of World Cup titles with four, in 1934, 1938, 1982 and 2006, the most of any European country. Next is Germany with three titles, in 1954, 1974 and 1990. Uruguay (1930 and 1950) and Argentina (1978 and 1986) have won two each. Traditionally competitive at football on a world stage, England (1966), France (1998) and Spain (2010) have all claimed only one each.
Countries who have won the FIFA World Cup display their success with a gold star for each World Cup title, placed proudly above their nations badge on their international football shirt.
Since the 1930 FIFA World Cup the competition continued to grow, extended to 24 teams in 1982 and then to 32 in 1998. A record 204 teams entered the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying rounds, all vying for4) a place in the biggest football competition on earth and for a chance to win the coveted Jules Rimet trophy5). Named after the French football administrator and third president of FIFA, the Jules Rimet World Cup Trophy has its own rich vein of history and myth.
During World War II, the trophy was held by Italy, winner in 1938. Ottorino Barassi, the Italian vice-president of FIFA, secretly transported the trophy from a bank in Rome and hid it in a shoe box under his bed to prevent it from being stolen by the Nazis.
However, the trophy was stolen from Westminster Central Hall in England where it was being exhibited prior to the 1966 World Cup there. Although heavily guarded around the clock6), the trophy was lifted from its cabinet and discovered missing by a security guard on his circuit on 20th March. It was later found by an unexpected duo—local civilian David Corbett and his dog “Pickles” on March 27th, when the dog sniffed it out under a suburban hedge outside Corbetts house.
The Jules Rimet was replaced with the FIFA World Cup Trophy7) in 1974 after Brazil won the right to keep the trophy outright8) in 1970. It was later stolen again in 1983 and has never been recovered, widely believed to have been melted down and sold.
The FIFA World Cup occurs every four years and nations bid as to where it will be held and this year Brazil is the host. Bidding and selection is a controversial process, seen by many as very corrupt. This discord was most recently brought to light9) by the controversial bids FIFA accepted from Russia for World Cup 2018 and Qatar for World Cup 2022 during the 2007 bidding process, claiming the honour over countries like England, Spain and Portugal, seen by most as preferable choices due to their high standard of stadium, transport and hospitality.
Accepting Qatar could also see a change to the traditional months in which the tournament has always been played, between June and July. Due to Qatars overwhelmingly hot summers, theres speculation that it will have to take place between November and January, while all of Europes top leagues are still in contention.
The FIFA World Cup is sought after and contested because it brings an influx of millions of pounds to the host countrys economy. During the build-up10) to the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, the projected total direct economic value for GDP (gross domestic product) was approximately $21.3 billion. 159,000 new jobs were also predicted, including full and part-time, both permanent and temporary.
Spain enter the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil as reigning champion, having claimed the trophy in 2010 by beating Netherlands 1-0 in extra time11) in Johannesburg. It later went on to win the 2012 UEFA European Championship in Poland and Ukraine, defeating Italy 4-0 in the final. However, contrary to its recent success, Spain is merely fourth favourite in the early betting stakes. Brazil, the host nation, is the favourite to reclaim the trophy on 13th July, with local rival Argentina second and Germany third.
The FIFA World Cup gives us the opportunity to see the greatest football players in the world compete against each other in the biggest football tournament on earth, for the most coveted prize in football history. Rivalries only seen at the FIFA World Cup—USA vs. Mexico, England vs. Germany and Brazil vs. Argentina, the Brazilian samba, the Spanish salsa and the Ghanaian spirit—all clash on one spectacular stage at the pinnacle of world football, delighting ravenous12) fans everywhere.
The passion, culture and team pride—colours of 32 different national uniforms like 32 vibrant flags, bring a flair for the beautiful game thats unrivaled. Its truly a sight to behold, and for football fans near and far theres no sporting event on earth that comes close.
對(duì)某些人來說,國際足聯(lián)世界杯無需介紹。巴西人的天賦、德國人的堅(jiān)忍,還有西班牙人tiki-taka戰(zhàn)術(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì),他們都如數(shù)家珍。今年夏天,國際足聯(lián)世界杯將在巴西舉行,這令全球各地的大多數(shù)人興奮不已。但對(duì)于你們這些還未曾感受過世界杯魅力的人,請(qǐng)隨本文簡(jiǎn)要回顧其歷史,以便你們也能開始感受世界杯的神奇魔力。
世界上的首場(chǎng)國際足球比賽在1920年的夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上登場(chǎng),舉辦國和奪冠國均為比利時(shí)。在1924年和1928年的奧運(yùn)會(huì)上,該項(xiàng)比賽繼續(xù)舉辦。鑒于比賽獲得的成功,國際足聯(lián)(即國際足球聯(lián)合會(huì))決定脫離奧運(yùn)會(huì),舉辦自己的國際性足球比賽。當(dāng)時(shí),在1924年和1928年的奧運(yùn)會(huì)比賽中,烏拉圭曾兩次獲得世界冠軍,再加上要慶祝烏拉圭獨(dú)立一百周年,國際足聯(lián)選定烏拉圭為1930年首屆世界杯錦標(biāo)賽的主辦國。在蒙得維的亞市舉行的決賽中,在9.3萬名觀眾面前,烏拉圭以4比2擊敗阿根廷,成為首個(gè)奪得國際足聯(lián)世界杯冠軍的國家。
在世界杯歷史上,奪得冠軍次數(shù)最多的國家是巴西,曾先后五次贏得世界杯,分別是在1958、1962、1970、1994和2002年。人們普遍認(rèn)為巴西是有史以來最偉大的足球國家,有句話說得好:“英國發(fā)明足球,巴西將足球玩到極致?!?/p>
意大利贏得的世界杯冠軍頭銜次數(shù)是第二多的,共四次,分別是在1934、1938、1982和2006年,是歐洲國家中贏得冠軍次數(shù)最多的。接下來是德國,曾三次奪冠,分別是在1954、1974和1990年。烏拉圭和阿根廷各奪冠兩次,前者是在1930年和1950年,后者是在1978年和1986年。作為世界足壇的傳統(tǒng)勁旅,英格蘭、法國和西班牙都僅奪冠一次,分別是在1966、1998和2010年。
曾經(jīng)榮獲國際足聯(lián)世界杯冠軍的國家會(huì)驕傲地將金星繡在其國際足球隊(duì)服的隊(duì)徽上方以彰顯其成就,一顆金星就代表一次奪冠。
自1930年首屆國際足聯(lián)世界杯以來,這項(xiàng)賽事的規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大。1982年有24支球隊(duì)參賽,到1998年參賽球隊(duì)已增至32支。2010年的國際足聯(lián)世界杯預(yù)選賽更是創(chuàng)下紀(jì)錄,共有204支球隊(duì)參賽,每支球隊(duì)都想在全球最盛大的足球比賽中奪得一席之地,以便有機(jī)會(huì)贏取夢(mèng)寐以求的“雷米特杯”?!袄酌滋乇币詴r(shí)任法國足協(xié)主席、國際足聯(lián)第三任主席儒勒斯·雷米特的名字命名,獎(jiǎng)杯本身有著悠久的歷史和神秘的傳奇色彩。
在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,“雷米特杯”的持有者是1938年的世界杯冠軍意大利。時(shí)任國際足聯(lián)副主席、意大利人奧特里諾·巴萊西將“雷米特杯”從羅馬的一家銀行偷運(yùn)出去,并將其藏在自己床下的一個(gè)鞋盒里,以防納粹將其偷走。
然而,在1966年世界杯在英格蘭舉辦之前,“雷米特杯”在該地的威斯敏斯特中央大廳展出時(shí)被盜。盡管24小時(shí)嚴(yán)密防護(hù),展柜中的“雷米特杯”還是被偷走了。3月20日,一名保安在巡查時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)獎(jiǎng)杯失竊。后來,在3月27日,一對(duì)不可思議的搭檔——當(dāng)?shù)鼐用翊笮l(wèi)·科比特和他的小狗“泡菜”發(fā)現(xiàn)了獎(jiǎng)杯。在科比特位于郊區(qū)的房子外面,這只小狗嗅到了埋在樹籬下的“雷米特杯”。
在1970年巴西贏得永久保留“雷米特杯”的權(quán)利之后,“大力神杯”于1974年取代了“雷米特杯”。后來,在1983年,“雷米特杯”再度失竊,至今仍未被找到。人們普遍認(rèn)為“雷米特杯”已經(jīng)被熔化并被賣掉了。
國際足聯(lián)世界杯每四年舉辦一次,由各國申辦成為其主辦國,今年的主辦國是巴西。申辦和遴選的過程充滿爭(zhēng)議,被很多人視為非常腐敗的一件事。這一爭(zhēng)議最近遭到曝光,是由于在2007年申辦世界杯的過程中,國際足聯(lián)批準(zhǔn)了由俄羅斯主辦2018年世界杯、卡塔爾主辦2022年世界杯這兩項(xiàng)備受爭(zhēng)議的申請(qǐng)。(編注:原文發(fā)表于2014年3月27日,而在此前的3月8日,美國兩位參議員上書國際足聯(lián),要求其取消俄羅斯2018年世界杯的主辦權(quán)。)這一爭(zhēng)議稱這兩個(gè)國家打敗了英國、西班牙和葡萄牙等國贏得殊榮,而后三者以其高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的比賽場(chǎng)館、交通和款待服務(wù)而被大多數(shù)人視為更好的選擇。
由卡塔爾主辦還意味著世界杯的傳統(tǒng)比賽月份(6~7月間)可能發(fā)生變化。由于卡塔爾的夏季酷熱難耐,有人推測(cè)比賽將不得不在11月至次年1月間舉辦,而在此期間,歐洲各大頂級(jí)聯(lián)賽尚處于激烈角逐之中。
各國競(jìng)相尋求舉辦國際足聯(lián)世界杯是因?yàn)檫@會(huì)給主辦國的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來數(shù)百萬英鎊的收入。據(jù)估算,在2010年南非世界杯籌辦期間,這項(xiàng)賽事為該國GDP (國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值)所帶來的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值總和預(yù)計(jì)有約213億美元,此外還預(yù)計(jì)新增15.9萬個(gè)工作崗位,包括全職和兼職崗位,其中既有固定崗位,也有臨時(shí)崗位。
西班牙以現(xiàn)任冠軍的身份參加2014年巴西世界杯。2010年,在約翰內(nèi)斯堡舉行的加時(shí)賽中,西班牙以1比0擊敗荷蘭,捧得“大力神杯”。后來,在由波蘭和烏克蘭承辦的2012年歐洲足球錦標(biāo)賽上,西班牙又在決賽中以4比0擊敗意大利贏得冠軍。然而,盡管西班牙近來連連告捷,但在早期的賠率排行榜上,西班牙僅名列第四。主辦國巴西是7月13日重新奪得“大力神杯”的最大熱門,同為南美國家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手阿根廷位列第二,德國位列第三。
國際足聯(lián)世界杯為我們提供了機(jī)會(huì),讓我們能欣賞世界上最優(yōu)秀的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在全球最盛大的足球比賽中相互比拼,爭(zhēng)奪足球史上最令人垂涎的獎(jiǎng)杯。只有在國際足聯(lián)世界杯上才能見到的兩隊(duì)對(duì)抗,如美國對(duì)墨西哥,英格蘭對(duì)德國,以及巴西對(duì)阿根廷,還有巴西的桑巴舞、西班牙的薩爾薩舞以及加納精神——都在世界足壇的巔峰盛事上激情碰撞,為世界各地翹首以盼的球迷們帶來喜悅。
那種激情、文化和球隊(duì)的驕傲——32個(gè)不同國家隊(duì)服的顏色仿佛32面鮮艷的旗幟,為這項(xiàng)迷人的賽事帶來一種無與倫比的魅力。這真是不容錯(cuò)過的盛況,對(duì)于世界各地的足球迷們而言,全世界沒有哪項(xiàng)體育賽事能與世界杯相提并論。