劉永明+許翠萍
[摘要] 目的 探討慢性腎衰竭與血漿胃泌素、胃動(dòng)素的相關(guān)性。 方法 選擇本院2013年1~12月收治的90例慢性腎衰竭患者與9例正常健康者,以腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率分組并與血漿胃泌素、胃動(dòng)素進(jìn)行相關(guān)性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。 結(jié)果 慢性腎衰竭組測(cè)定的血漿胃泌素、胃動(dòng)素的指標(biāo)均高于對(duì)照組;慢性腎衰竭五組的胃泌素與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);除GFR3、GFR4組胃動(dòng)素與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),其余3組胃動(dòng)素均差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);GFR1、GFR2、GFR3、GFR4、GFR5組及對(duì)照組的GFR與胃泌素呈正相關(guān);GFR1、GFR2、GFR5組及對(duì)照組的GFR與胃動(dòng)素呈正相關(guān),GFR3、GFR4組的GFR與胃動(dòng)素呈負(fù)相關(guān)。 結(jié)論 腎臟損害可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致胃泌素和胃動(dòng)素的升高,但是并不能證明胃泌素和胃動(dòng)素的升高就是腎臟損害的嚴(yán)重征兆,胃泌素和胃動(dòng)素是消化道疾病的測(cè)定指標(biāo),可以衡量消化系統(tǒng)功能的損害程度,雖然它們的分泌與腎臟損害有一定程度的相關(guān)性,但不能單純用胃泌素與胃動(dòng)素的測(cè)定指標(biāo)來(lái)衡量腎臟實(shí)質(zhì)的損傷。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 慢性腎衰竭;胃泌素;胃動(dòng)素;相關(guān)性;指標(biāo)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R692.5[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A[文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2014)05(b)-0032-05
Correlation analysis of gastrin and motilin of plasma with chronic renal failure
LIU Yong-Ming1 XU Cui-Ping2▲
1.Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;2.Department of Gastroenterology,Shanxi Medical University,the First Clinical Hospital,Taiyuan 030001,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation analysis of gastrin and motilin of plasma with chronic renal failure. Methods 90 cases of chronic renal failure patients and 9 normal healthy were selected in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2013,they were grouped by glomerular filtration rate,and the test parameters of gastrin and motilin of plasma were correlation statistical analyzed. Results The indicators of gastrin and motilin in chronic renal failure group were higher than those of the control group,the gastrin in five chronic renal failure group compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01),the motilin:except GFR3,GFR4 group compared with control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01),the rest of the three groups,the difference was no statistically significant (P>0.05).The GFR were positively associated with gastrin in GFR1,GFR2,GFR3,GFR4,GFR5 groups and control group.The GFR were positively associated with motilin in GFR1,GFR2,GFR5 groups and control group,but there were negatively associated with motilin in GFR3,GFR4 groups. Conclusion Kidney damage may ead to elevated gastrin and motilin,but does not prove that the rise of gastrin and motilin is kidney damage serious symptom,but does not prove that the rise of gastrin and motilin is the kidney damage serious symptom,gastrin and motilin is the determination of the digestive tract disease indexes,to measure the digestive system function damage degree,although they secrete has a certain degree of correlation with kidney damage,but you can′t simply use gastrin and motilin measurement indicators to measure renal parenchymal damage.
[Key words] Chronic renal failure;Gastrin;Motilin;Relevance;Index
慢性腎衰竭(chronic renal failure,CRF)是一種常見(jiàn)的臨床綜合征,可以由各種原因引起的腎臟損害,是一種進(jìn)行性惡化、腎實(shí)質(zhì)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的損傷,也是各種腎臟疾病進(jìn)展的終末結(jié)局[1-3]。目前,臨床以消化道為首發(fā)癥狀的CRF患者日漸增多,胃泌素(GAS)、胃動(dòng)素(MOT)是消化道疾病的常見(jiàn)檢測(cè)指標(biāo),而腎臟又是GAS、MOT滅活和消除的主要場(chǎng)所,它們是一種連鎖反應(yīng)關(guān)系[4-5],目前臨床對(duì)CRF的研究報(bào)道較多,但是對(duì)于CRF患者血漿GAS、MOT測(cè)定的相關(guān)性分析報(bào)道較少,本研究通過(guò)回顧本院一年來(lái)收治的CRF患者的血漿GAS、MOT變化水平并行相關(guān)性分析,以探討慢性腎衰竭與血漿GAS、MOT的相關(guān)性。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取本院2013年1~12月末本院收治的90例以消化道為首發(fā)癥狀的CRF的患者(非透析)與9例正常健康者作為研究對(duì)象,90例CRF患者均未透析,病史1~4年,平均(2.04±0.63)年;其中男性56例,女性34例;年齡36~71歲,平均(44.16±2.32)歲;原發(fā)性疾?。郝阅I小球腎炎33例,慢性腎盂腎炎14例,慢性間質(zhì)性腎炎13例,腎病綜合征8例,高血壓腎病17例,紫癜性腎炎1例,腎髓質(zhì)囊性病2例,遺傳性腎炎1例,尿毒癥性海綿腎1例。9例正常健康者,男性6例,女性3例,年齡31~58歲,平均(39.05±0.10)歲,均無(wú)肝腎及內(nèi)分泌疾病,未服用任何藥物。
1.2 分組方法
以臨床入院時(shí)所查腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分,GFR≥90 ml/min為GFR1組;60 ml/min≤GFR<90 ml/min為GFR2組;30 ml/min ≤GFR<60 ml/min為GFR3組;15 ml/min≤GFR<30 ml/min為GFR4組;GFR<15 ml/min為GFR5組;正常健康者為對(duì)照組。
1.3 檢測(cè)方法
受檢者均于清晨空腹采血2 ml,注入預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備的試管中,搖勻后,以3000 r/min離心10 min,取血漿作GAS、MOT酶聯(lián)免疫法的測(cè)定,陰性、陽(yáng)性對(duì)照,1 h孵育后,進(jìn)行洗板,加相應(yīng)底物,避光0.5 h進(jìn)行反應(yīng),加終止液完成反應(yīng)進(jìn)程,讀取數(shù)值。試劑盒選用上海撫生生物科技發(fā)展有限公司生產(chǎn)的試劑盒(CAS:FS2011)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
所得數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),關(guān)系測(cè)定采用相關(guān)回歸分析法,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 不同GFR分組與對(duì)照組患者GAS 、MOT的比較
CRF組的血漿GAS、MOT均高于對(duì)照組;CRF中5組與對(duì)照組的GAS差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);除了GFR3、GFR4組的MOT與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),其余3組均差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1)。
表1 不同GFR分組與對(duì)照組GAS 、MOT的比較(pg/ml,x±s)
與對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.01
2.2 各組GFR與血漿GAS、MOT的相關(guān)性
GFR1組的GAS、MOT均與GFR呈正相關(guān)(圖1);GFR2組的GAS、MOT均與GFR呈正相關(guān)(圖2);GFR3組的GAS與GFR呈正相關(guān),MOT與GFR呈負(fù)相關(guān)(圖3);GFR4組的GAS與GFR呈正相關(guān),MOT與GFR呈負(fù)相關(guān)(圖4);GFR5組的GAS、MOT均與GFR呈正相關(guān)(圖5)。
圖1 GFR≥90 ml/min腺素的相關(guān)性分析
3 討論
對(duì)于CRF的患者來(lái)說(shuō),消化系統(tǒng)癥狀是最早和最突出的表現(xiàn),由于體內(nèi)大量代謝產(chǎn)物的堆積,酸堿平衡失調(diào),電解質(zhì)紊亂,都會(huì)引起不同程度的消化道癥狀,胃腸道癥狀主要原因?yàn)槲改c道排尿素增多,經(jīng)尿素酶分解產(chǎn)生氨刺激胃腸道黏膜引起,此外,也與胃腸道多肽激素代謝障礙引起的黏膜屏障機(jī)制紊亂和胃腸道轉(zhuǎn)移性鈣化因素有關(guān)[6-8]。
GAS和MOT為胃腸多肽激素,MOT主要由空腸的EC細(xì)胞分泌,分子量約為2700,具有調(diào)節(jié)胃動(dòng)力和胃排空的作用;GAS主要由胃竇G細(xì)胞分泌,分子量約為2000,具有促進(jìn)胃酸分泌的作用[9]。由于腎臟是GAS、MOT代謝和排泄的主要場(chǎng)所,當(dāng)腎功能受損時(shí),血清GAS和MOT可在機(jī)體內(nèi)蓄積,導(dǎo)致高GAS血癥和高M(jìn)OT血癥而引起不同程度的消化道癥狀[10-12]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,CRF患者的血漿GAS、MOT的指標(biāo)均高于正常對(duì)照組,且與對(duì)照組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[13],隨著病情加重,MOT和GAS升高更明顯,但本研究通過(guò)血漿GAS及MOT的測(cè)定比較發(fā)現(xiàn),并非隨著病情的嚴(yán)重程度,MOT和GAS一定會(huì)升高。而不同分期的CRF患者由于病情輕重不一,個(gè)體差異不同,表現(xiàn)的消化道癥狀程度也并非完全一致,所以測(cè)定的GAS和MOT數(shù)值也不一定是隨著病情的嚴(yán)重程度而升高。本研究結(jié)果顯示,CRF中5組與對(duì)照組的GAS差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;除了GFR3、GFR4組的MOT與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,其余3組均差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,說(shuō)明存在個(gè)體差異。本研究結(jié)果顯示,GFR1組的GAS、MOT均與GFR呈正相關(guān);GFR2組的GAS、MOT均與GFR呈正相關(guān);GFR3組的GAS與GFR呈正相關(guān);GFR4組的GAS與GFR呈正相關(guān),GFR5組的GAS、MOT均與GFR呈正相關(guān),說(shuō)明隨著腎臟損害嚴(yán)重程度的增加,GAS隨之不斷升高;GFR3、GFR4組MOT與GFR呈負(fù)相關(guān),其余組別呈正相關(guān),可能GFR3、GFR4組患者的腎臟損害較輕,消化道癥狀不明顯或者個(gè)體腎臟功能修復(fù),EC細(xì)胞分泌MOT不足所致。
從基礎(chǔ)理論上分析,本研究中CRF患者的GAS和MOT明顯高于正常人,且大部分患者的GAS和MOT均與GFR呈正相關(guān)。其原因可能為:①大多數(shù)CRF患者有惡心、嘔吐、腹瀉、腹脹等腸道反應(yīng),而導(dǎo)致迷走神經(jīng)興奮、張力增高,所以會(huì)引起GAS和MOT升高;②腎衰竭時(shí),腎臟損害嚴(yán)重,可使GAS和MOT的排泄減少,體內(nèi)蓄積,導(dǎo)致GAS和MOT明顯升高;③CRF患者常有胃酸分泌功能降低,這種低酸度反映了胃液中不斷增多的氨而引起的中和作用或由于胃黏膜屏障功能的喪失而引起的胃炎,導(dǎo)致氫離子逆彌散入黏膜內(nèi)所致,胃酸過(guò)低可能會(huì)刺激GAS釋放,血清GAS含量增高[14-16]。腎臟損害可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致GAS和MOT升高,但是并不能證明GAS和MOT的升高就是腎臟損害的嚴(yán)重征兆。
總之,CRF是一種臨床常見(jiàn)的多發(fā)病,可累及多個(gè)系統(tǒng),臨床表現(xiàn)多樣性,部分患者起病隱匿,尤其早期缺少特征性的臨床表現(xiàn),易出現(xiàn)誤診和漏診[17-19]。大多數(shù)CRF患者以消化道為首發(fā)癥狀就診,GAS和MOT是消化道疾病的檢測(cè)指標(biāo),可以衡量消化系統(tǒng)功能的損害程度[20],雖然它們的分泌與腎臟損害有一定程度的相關(guān)性,但不能單純用GAS與MOT來(lái)衡量腎臟實(shí)質(zhì)的損傷,因?yàn)榛颊邆€(gè)體存在差異,腎臟實(shí)質(zhì)有一定損害時(shí),GAS和MOT的水平未必會(huì)反映現(xiàn)實(shí),因此延誤診治而導(dǎo)致病情惡化。
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(收稿日期:2014-03-17本文編輯:林利利)
[作者簡(jiǎn)介] 劉永明(1980-),男,碩士,主管技師,研究方向:消化內(nèi)科
▲通訊作者:許翠萍,女,教授
[5]Sirinek KR,Odorisio TM,Gaskill HV,et al.Chronic renal failure:effect of hemodialysis on gastrointestinal hormones[J].Am J Surg,1984,148(6):732-735.
[6]Kao WH,Klag MJ,Meoni LA,et al.Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes Research Group. MYH9 is associated with nondiabetic end-stage renal disease in African Americans[J].Nat Genet,2008,40(1):1185-1192.
[7]Freedman BI,Hicks PJ,Bostrom MA,et al.Polymorphisms in the non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene (MYH9)are strongly associated with end-stage renal disease historically attributed to hypertension in African Americans[J].Kidney Int,2009,75(1):736-745.
[8]Genovese G,F(xiàn)riedman DJ,Ross MD,et al.Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans[J].Science,2010,13,(329):841-845.
[9]Furgala A,Blauk-Kadzielska U,Stojakowska M,et al.Gasttic dysfunction in dialysed patients with chronic renal failure[J].Folia Med Cracov,2012,52(1):39-55.
[10]Donadio C.Effect of glomerular filtration rate impairment on diagnostic performance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and B-type natriuretic peptide as markers of acute cardiac and renal failure in chronic kidney disease patients[J].Crit Care,2014,18(1):39.
[11]Meijers BK,Van Kerckhoven S,Verbeke K,et al.The uremic retention solute p-cresyl sulfate and markers of endothelial damage[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2009,54(1):891-901.
[12]Lin CJ,Wu CJ,Pan CF,et al.Serum protein-bound uraemic toxins and clinical outcomes in haemodialysis patients[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2010;25(1):3693-3700.
[13]Harmar AJ.Clinical endocrinology and metabolism. Receptors for gut peptides[J].Clin Endocrinol Metab,2004, 18(4):463-475.
[14]Lin CJ,Pan CF,Chuang CK,et al.Gastrointestinal-related uremic toxins in peritoneal dialysis: a pilot study with a 5-year follow-up[J].Arch Med Res,2013,44(7):535-541.
[15]Lin CJ,Pan CF,Liu HL,et al.The role of protein-bound uremic toxins on peripheral artery disease and vascular access failure in patients on hemodialysis[J].Atherosclerosis,2012,225(1):173-179.
[16]Lin CJ,Liu HL,Pan CF,et al.Indoxyl sulfate predicts cardiovascular disease and renal function deterioration in advanced chronic kidney disease[J].Arch Med Res,2012, 43(1):451-456.
[17]Kobori H,Nangaku M,Navar GL,et al.The Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System: from physiology to the pathobiology of hypertension and kidney disease[J].Pharmacol Rev, 2007,59(3):251-287.
[18]José M López-Novoa,Ana B Rodríguez-Pe?觡a,Alberto Ortiz,et al.Etiopathology of chronic tubular,glomerular and renovascular nephropathies:clinical implications[J].J Transl Med,2011,9(1):13.
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[20]Zeisberg M,Duffield JS.Resolved:EMT produces fibroblasts in the kidney[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2010,21(1):1247-1253.
(收稿日期:2014-03-17本文編輯:林利利)
[作者簡(jiǎn)介] 劉永明(1980-),男,碩士,主管技師,研究方向:消化內(nèi)科
▲通訊作者:許翠萍,女,教授
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(收稿日期:2014-03-17本文編輯:林利利)
[作者簡(jiǎn)介] 劉永明(1980-),男,碩士,主管技師,研究方向:消化內(nèi)科
▲通訊作者:許翠萍,女,教授