李潔蕓

一、基本概念。

當(dāng)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分（通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)）時(shí)，可以把it當(dāng)做先行詞，用強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分”，把整個(gè)句子分割成前后兩個(gè)部分，使之各自有自己的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，中間由that或who連起來(lái)，從而成為一個(gè)新句子。

二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。

陳述式：It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分

一般疑問(wèn)式：Is/Was it + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分

特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + is/was it + that + 句子其他部分

如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)部分是人，可用who代替that。

例1. I met Tom in the street yesterday.

（1）強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：

陳述式：It was I that/who met Tom in the street yesterday.

一般疑問(wèn)式：Was it you that/who met Tom in the street yesterday.

特殊疑問(wèn)式：Who was it that met Tom in the street yesterday.

（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：

陳述式：It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday.

一般疑問(wèn)式：Was it Tom that you met in the street yesterday.

特殊疑問(wèn)式：Whom was it that you met in the street yesterday.

（3）強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：

陳述式：It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.

一般疑問(wèn)式：Was it in the street that you met Tom yesterday.

特殊疑問(wèn)式：Where was it that you met Tom yesterday.

（4）強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

陳述式：It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.

一般疑問(wèn)式：Was it yesterday that you met Tom in the street.

特殊疑問(wèn)式：When was it that you met Tom in the street.

例2.He didnt come to school this morning because he was ill.

強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)：It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school this morning.

Was it because he was ill that he didnt come to school this morning.

Why was it that he didnt come to school this morning.

例3.She caught up with her classmates by making great efforts.

強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語(yǔ)：It was by making great efforts that she caught up with her classmates.

Was it by making great efforts that she caught up with her classmates.

How was it that she caught up with her classmates.

三、“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他部分”結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，用助動(dòng)詞do，did，does+動(dòng)詞原形，且只限于是祈使句和肯定的陳述句。

如：1. Do be careful when crossing the street.

2. Do come in.

3. Tom does enjoy playing basketball.

4. I did attend the meeting yesterday.

四、在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用that而不用when，where，why，how，原因狀語(yǔ)從句中只有because引導(dǎo)的句子可被強(qiáng)調(diào)。

五、強(qiáng)調(diào)“not...until...”句型時(shí)，應(yīng)把not until...一起放在It is/was之后。

如：I didnt recognize her until she took off her dark glasses.

→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.

六、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反義疑問(wèn)句反問(wèn)it，遵循前肯后否，前否后肯的原則。

如：——It was I who told you the truth，wasnt it？

——Yes，it was./No，it wasnt.

七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句特殊疑問(wèn)句。

試舉例：（1）Who was it that you wanted to see？

（2）What is it that you are looking for？

（3）Where was it that you saw the teacher？

（4）Why is it that you want to change your mind？endprint