佘盛飛++++++曾蓮英
[摘要] 目的 探討門奇靜脈斷流改良術(shù)治療門靜脈高壓癥上消化道出血的效果,為臨床選擇術(shù)式提供參考。 方法 選取2006年6月~2012年6月140例門靜脈高壓癥上消化道出血患者,按隨機數(shù)字表法分為普通組和治療組,各70例,普通組實施傳統(tǒng)門奇靜脈斷流術(shù)治療,治療組實施門奇靜脈斷流改良術(shù)(即賁門周圍血管離斷加胃底環(huán)縫扎手術(shù))治療,術(shù)后對比兩組的肝功能指標及手術(shù)指標。 結(jié)果 兩組治療前后及治療后的肝功能指標比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為10.00%,普通組為12.86%,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=1.024,P=0.219)。治療組住院時間為(12.93±4.04) d,普通組為(17.29±4.34) d,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=5.394,P=0.016)。治療組上消化道再出血發(fā)生率為1.43%,普通組為12.86%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=13.445,P=0.001)。 結(jié)論 門奇靜脈斷流改良術(shù)治療門靜脈高壓癥上消化道出血的臨床效果顯著,臨床上可優(yōu)先選用此術(shù)式。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 門靜脈高壓癥;上消化道出血;門奇靜脈斷流改良術(shù)
[中圖分類號] R573.2 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2014)12(a)-0053-03
門靜脈血流可以通過食管及胃底靜脈進入奇靜脈,血壓升高后,胃底及食管靜脈曲張并出血,阻斷血管可以直接止血,即斷流術(shù)。門奇靜脈斷流手術(shù)由于操作方便且創(chuàng)傷較小,適用于治療門靜脈高壓癥合并上消化道出血,但是此術(shù)式仍然有一定缺陷,典型不足如術(shù)后再出血等并發(fā)癥較高[1-3]。本文旨在探討門靜脈高壓癥上消化道出血采用門奇靜脈斷流改良術(shù)治療的效果,為臨床選擇術(shù)式提供參考。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2006年6月~2012年6月140例門靜脈高壓癥上消化道出血患者,按隨機數(shù)字表法分為普通組和治療組,各70例。普通組:男性41例,女性29例;年齡29~64歲,平均(42.19±9.39)歲;反復(fù)出血42例,腹水25例;食管靜脈重度曲張39例,中度曲張31例。治療組:男性42例,女性28例;年齡29~66歲,平均(42.53±9.28)歲;反復(fù)出血44例,腹水24例;食管靜脈重度曲張40例,中度曲張30例。兩組患者的性別、年齡等基線資料對比差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有患者對研究知情且同意,研究經(jīng)過醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準實施。
1.2 研究方法
普通組:實施傳統(tǒng)門奇靜脈斷流術(shù)。常規(guī)脾切除術(shù),緊貼漿膜外膜,確認所有下端食管壁穿支血管以及進入胃壁的穿支血管,逐一離斷,將食管下端游離8 cm左右,保持糞門上下端8 cm內(nèi)懸空,胃冠狀靜脈不實施結(jié)扎術(shù),將左膈下、胃后以及伴隨靜脈繼續(xù)離斷。
治療組:實施門奇靜脈斷流改良術(shù),即賁門周圍血管離斷加胃底環(huán)縫扎手術(shù)。將胃充氣直至膨脹,選擇賁門下端距離4 cm處,實施間斷操作將胃壁全層環(huán)形縫合[4-5],醫(yī)生確認效果后將胃壁內(nèi)翻,對漿肌層實施間斷縫合,直至反常血流完全阻斷。
1.3 觀察指標
對比兩組患者肝功能指標(天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶、血清總膽紅素、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶、血清白蛋白);記錄對比患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥、住院時間,隨訪1年中上消化道再出血發(fā)生率。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析和處理,計量資料以x±s表示,采用t檢驗,計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組治療前后肝功能指標的比較
兩組治療前后及治療后的肝功能指標比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2 兩組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥、住院時間及上消化道再出血發(fā)生率的比較
兩組的住院時間及上消化道再出血發(fā)生率比較差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表2)。
3 討論
門靜脈血流在正常情況下通過奇靜脈與上腔靜脈連通,由于靜脈壓力升高促使靜脈曲張的發(fā)生會導(dǎo)致破裂出血[6-8]。為了預(yù)防出血或止血,可以阻斷破裂血管,避免血流通過胃底靜脈或食管靜脈等處[9-11]。肝硬化門靜脈高壓癥常出現(xiàn)食管靜脈曲張破裂出血,對患者生命安全造成較大威脅。除手術(shù)外,內(nèi)科藥物治療、經(jīng)內(nèi)鏡注射硬化劑等治療手段只是短期達到治療目的[12-13],但手術(shù)治療容易出血斷流不徹底,長期來看再次出血發(fā)生率較高。斷流手術(shù)是臨床主要采用的治療門靜脈高壓癥方法,手術(shù)主要通過將門奇靜脈側(cè)支循環(huán)阻斷[14-16],降低食管胃底曲張靜脈反常血流的概率,在阻斷循環(huán)的同時,可以促進門靜脈正向血流流動率。上文所述手術(shù)再次出血發(fā)生率較高,主要是因為單純性的血管阻斷術(shù)對于黏膜下層以及肌肉層的血管阻斷作用較差[17-18],僅能對胃底食管下端血管有較好阻斷效果,因此出現(xiàn)再出血。
改良的血賁門周圍血管阻斷手術(shù),在胃底賁門區(qū)域黏膜下層、肌層及周圍靜脈進行再次胃底環(huán)形縫扎手術(shù),阻斷了胃壁內(nèi)的曲張靜脈以及門奇靜脈反常血流,降低了結(jié)扎線以上的胃底區(qū)靜脈壓力[19-20]。改良手術(shù)方法避免了傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)方法會加重脾胃區(qū)域門靜脈的血管壁壓力的缺陷,因此可以降低再出血發(fā)生率。同時,術(shù)后結(jié)扎區(qū)域可以形成環(huán)形瘢痕,對阻斷血流十分有利,避免血流進入曲張靜脈[21-22],建立側(cè)支循環(huán)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,普通組與治療組治療前后肝功能指標、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率對比差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),同時治療組住院時間短于普通組、上消化道再出血發(fā)生率明顯低于普通組,表明門靜脈高壓癥上消化道出血采用門奇靜脈斷流改良術(shù)的臨床效果顯著,安全性高,臨床上可優(yōu)先選用此術(shù)式。
[參考文獻]
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[17] Zhang X,He Y,Ding M,et al.Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and kynurenine in plasma samples of children patients with Kawasaki disease by high-perfor mance liquid chromatography with programmed wavel ength ultraviolet detection[J].J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci,2009,877(16-17):1678-1682.
[18] 劉佳,張紹庚,魏煒明,等.手助腹腔鏡改良Sugiura術(shù)在特發(fā)性門靜脈高壓癥的臨床應(yīng)用[J].醫(yī)學(xué)研究雜志,2012,41(9):139-142.
[19] Patterson SM,Hughes CM,Cardwell C,et al.A cluster randomized controlled trial of an adapted U.S. model of pharmaceutical care for nursing home residents in Northern Ireland(Fleetwood Northern Ireland study):a cost-effectiveness analysis[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2011,59(4):586-593.
[20] 邵華,苗永昌,夏春咸.選擇性改良Sugiura手術(shù)治療門靜脈高壓癥出血24例分析[J].實用臨床醫(yī)藥雜志,2012 16(17):61-62.
[21] Arduini M,Epicoco G,Clerici G.B-Lynchsuture,intrauterine balloon,and endouterine hemostatic suture for the manag ement of postpartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa accrete[J].Int J Gynaecol Obstet,2010,10(8):191-193.
[22] 李暉,吳武軍,杜立學(xué).改良脾腔分流聯(lián)合斷流術(shù)在門靜脈高壓癥治療中的作用[J].中國現(xiàn)代手術(shù)學(xué)雜志,2012, 16(1):25-29.
(收稿日期:2014-11-07 本文編輯:李亞聰)endprint
[2] Shapiro BS,Daneshmand ST,Garner FC,et al.Evidence of impaired endometrial receptivity after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization:a prospective randomized trial comparing fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer in normal responders[J].Fertil Steril,2011,96(2):344-348.
[3] 申洪宇.改良Sugiura手術(shù)對門靜脈高壓癥患者肝血流和VEGF的影響[J].中國實用醫(yī)刊,2014,41(4):84-86.
[4] Danesh A,Janghorbani M,Khalatbari S.Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal serum indicators of infection in women at risk for preterm delivery:a randomized trial comparing betamethasone and dexamethasone[J].J Res Med Sci,2012,17(10):911-917.
[5] 劉恒.胰源性門靜脈高壓癥的臨床診治[J].南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報,2013,33(11):168-169.
[6] Maruta T,Otao G,Miyazato T,et al.Effects of intravenous low-dose recombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide on renal function in the perioperative management for gastrointestinal perforation or ileus:a retrospective single-center study[J].J Crit Care,2013,28(2):133-140.
[7] 王勁,劉新河,張隆陶.外周靜脈溶栓治療性腸系膜上靜脈血栓形成9例分析[J].中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新,2012,9(31):120-121.
[8] 秦建平,唐文,湯善宏,等.改良經(jīng)頸靜脈肝內(nèi)門體靜脈分流術(shù)治療肝硬化門靜脈高壓癥[J].中華消化雜志,2014, 34(1):33-36.
[9] Cheng HH,Tseng GY,Yang HB,et al.Increased numbers of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells in gastritis,peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma[J].World J Gastroenterol,2012, 18(1):34-43.
[10] 蒙嶺,王鐵忠,亢曉冬.改良手輔助腹腔鏡下脾切除聯(lián)合賁門周圍血管離斷術(shù)在肝硬化門靜脈高壓癥應(yīng)用分析[J].中國醫(yī)師進修雜志,2014,37(23):61-63.
[11] Oguro S,F(xiàn)unabiki T,Hosoda K,et al.64-slice multidetector computed tomography evaluation of gastrointestinal tract perforation site:detectability of direct findings in upper and lower GI tract[J].Eur Radiol,2010,20(6):1396-1403.
[12] 龍滌,閉永浩,方富義,等.選擇性斷流術(shù)和聯(lián)合斷流術(shù)治療門脈高壓癥的臨床評價[J].實用醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2012, 28(4):594-596.
[13] 潘孟,赫軍,蔡小勇,等.完全腹腔鏡與開腹改良Sugiura手術(shù)治療門靜脈高壓癥的臨床對比研究[J].中華外科雜志,2013,51(8):746-747.
[14] Su JQ,Chi BR,Li X,et al.Inhibition of dual specific oncolytic adenovirus on esophageal cancer via activation of caspases by a mitochondrial-dependent pathway[J].Chem Res Chin Univ,2012,28(3):465-471.
[15] 潘孟,蔡小勇,盧榜裕,等.腹腔鏡下改良Sugiura手術(shù)治療門靜脈高壓癥的臨床研究[J].中國內(nèi)鏡雜志,2013, 19(12):1287-1290.
[16] 蔣國慶,錢建軍,陳平,等.改良腹腔鏡脾切除聯(lián)合賁門周圍血管離斷術(shù)治療肝硬化門靜脈高壓癥的臨床療效[J].中華消化外科雜志,2013,12(11):846-849.
[17] Zhang X,He Y,Ding M,et al.Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and kynurenine in plasma samples of children patients with Kawasaki disease by high-perfor mance liquid chromatography with programmed wavel ength ultraviolet detection[J].J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci,2009,877(16-17):1678-1682.
[18] 劉佳,張紹庚,魏煒明,等.手助腹腔鏡改良Sugiura術(shù)在特發(fā)性門靜脈高壓癥的臨床應(yīng)用[J].醫(yī)學(xué)研究雜志,2012,41(9):139-142.
[19] Patterson SM,Hughes CM,Cardwell C,et al.A cluster randomized controlled trial of an adapted U.S. model of pharmaceutical care for nursing home residents in Northern Ireland(Fleetwood Northern Ireland study):a cost-effectiveness analysis[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2011,59(4):586-593.
[20] 邵華,苗永昌,夏春咸.選擇性改良Sugiura手術(shù)治療門靜脈高壓癥出血24例分析[J].實用臨床醫(yī)藥雜志,2012 16(17):61-62.
[21] Arduini M,Epicoco G,Clerici G.B-Lynchsuture,intrauterine balloon,and endouterine hemostatic suture for the manag ement of postpartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa accrete[J].Int J Gynaecol Obstet,2010,10(8):191-193.
[22] 李暉,吳武軍,杜立學(xué).改良脾腔分流聯(lián)合斷流術(shù)在門靜脈高壓癥治療中的作用[J].中國現(xiàn)代手術(shù)學(xué)雜志,2012, 16(1):25-29.
(收稿日期:2014-11-07 本文編輯:李亞聰)endprint
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(收稿日期:2014-11-07 本文編輯:李亞聰)endprint