胡華元,郭禹標,林雨苗,賴素云
(1.廣東醫(yī)學院附屬惠東醫(yī)院呼吸科,廣東 惠東 516300;2.中山大學附屬第一醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科,廣東 廣州 510080;3.廣東醫(yī)學院附屬惠東醫(yī)院五官科,廣東 惠東 516300)
睡眠體位與睡眠呼吸暫停類型累計次數(shù)的關系
胡華元1,郭禹標2,林雨苗3,賴素云1
(1.廣東醫(yī)學院附屬惠東醫(yī)院呼吸科,廣東 惠東 516300;2.中山大學附屬第一醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科,廣東 廣州 510080;3.廣東醫(yī)學院附屬惠東醫(yī)院五官科,廣東 惠東 516300)
目的 探討睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征(SAHS)患者睡眠體位與睡眠呼吸暫停各類型累計次數(shù)的關系。方法用初篩睡眠診斷儀監(jiān)測55例SAHS患者,設定仰臥位、俯臥位、側臥位和未知體位4種體位,記錄各體位發(fā)生低通氣、阻塞型、中樞型、混合型睡眠呼吸暫停的次數(shù)及總累計次數(shù),比較不同體位時睡眠呼吸暫停次數(shù)的差異。結果側臥位各類型呼吸暫停累計次數(shù)和總累計次數(shù)與其他體位比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義[側臥位時各類型睡眠呼吸暫停的次數(shù)及總累計次數(shù)分別為(0.61±0.25)次、(3.44±1.98)次、(0.84±0.50)次、(1.29±0.58)次、(6.33±2.97)次,P<0.05],仰臥位、俯臥位和未知體位三者比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。結論SAHS患者取側臥位可減少睡眠呼吸暫停次數(shù)。
睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征;睡眠體位;睡眠呼吸暫停
睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征(SAHS)患者通常被勸喻取側臥體位以減少或減輕睡眠呼吸暫?;虻屯鉅顩r,是否真有這樣的作用?尚缺乏強有力的文獻依據(jù)。對某個特定的個體如鼻息肉患者,側臥位可能真的有減少或減輕睡眠呼吸暫?;虻屯獾淖饔茫@并不表明對所有SAHS患者都有效,或許這是一個常識性的誤區(qū),為了弄清楚睡眠體位與SAHS的關系,我們擬通過初篩檢查所得數(shù)據(jù)對之做一探討。
1.1 一般資料 選取2012年7月至2013年6月在惠東縣人民醫(yī)院就診的72例鼾癥患者,應用北京產(chǎn)JF1000型8導初篩睡眠診斷儀對所有患者進行監(jiān)測檢查,其中睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣指數(shù)(AHI)>5的55例入選本研究,其中男性44例,女性11例,年齡27~86歲,平均55.03歲。
1.2 研究方法 將所得數(shù)據(jù)依儀器設定仰臥位、俯臥位、側臥位和未知體位(介于仰側之間或側俯之間的體位)等4種體位,記錄各體位發(fā)生低通氣、阻塞型、中樞型、混合型睡眠呼吸暫停的次數(shù)及總累計次數(shù)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法 使用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,所測得數(shù)據(jù)以均值±標準差(±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
無論是哪種體位,均以阻塞型和混合型累積次數(shù)最高,SAHS總累計次數(shù)則以仰臥位最高,其次是未知體位,再其次是俯臥位,側臥位無論是在類型上還是在總累計次數(shù)上都非常低;側臥位各類型呼吸暫停累計次數(shù)和總累計次數(shù)與其他體位比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,仰臥位、俯臥位和未知體位三者兩兩相比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義,見表1。
表1 55例SAHS患者睡眠體位與睡眠呼吸暫停類型累計次數(shù)的關系(±s,次)
表1 55例SAHS患者睡眠體位與睡眠呼吸暫停類型累計次數(shù)的關系(±s,次)
注:a側臥位與其他體位比較,P<0.05。
仰臥位俯臥位側臥位未知體位10.97±2.15 9.56±1.78 0.61±0.25a8.68±1.85 55.54±9.63 42.72±7.76 3.44±1.98a39.06±9.72 2.84±1.00 1.40±0.54 0.84±0.50 6.64±3.38 22.45±5.57 10.97±3.07 1.29±0.58a19.76±6.02 91.46±14.07 59.74±9.72 6.33±2.97a75.18±15.01
SAHS發(fā)病率較高,且增加心腦血管疾病發(fā)生風險,目前尚無確切療效的治療藥物,因睡眠體位與睡眠呼吸暫停發(fā)生關系密切[1-3],體位療法為其常見治療方法之一,然而取何種體位目前尚無一致結論,建議取側臥位者占較多數(shù)[4-6]。
不同睡眠體位時氣道形態(tài)學變化不一,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)SAHS患者仰臥位時重力作用使舌體及軟腭后綴,致口咽及下咽氣道進一步阻塞,增加睡眠呼吸暫停次數(shù),側臥位則可避免這一情況發(fā)生[7-8]。本研究中的55例SAHS患者,仰臥位SAHS總累計次數(shù)最高,累計側臥位SAHS平均只有6次左右,其他幾種體位SAHS累計次數(shù)至少是側臥位的10倍或以上,側臥位SAHS累積次數(shù)與其他三種體位比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,提示側臥位發(fā)生呼吸暫停次數(shù)較其他體位明顯減少。鐘剛等[9]發(fā)現(xiàn)SAHS患者因多種因素引起鼻阻力增加,導致上呼吸道阻力上升,容易發(fā)生睡眠呼吸暫停,改變體位可顯著影響鼻阻力。側臥位時鼻阻力較仰臥位時降低,張欣等[10]曾報道不同程度的OSAHS患者在側臥時的呼吸紊亂指數(shù)均低于仰臥位,側臥位睡眠可減少發(fā)生呼吸睡眠暫停,與我們的結果相符。仰臥位、俯臥位和未知體位三者SAHS累積次數(shù)比較則差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,可能與樣本量小有關。
綜上所述,SAHS患者睡眠時側臥位可減少睡眠呼吸暫停次數(shù),對于給予體位療法的SAHS患者,建議取側臥位可能獲得較好療效。
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Relationship between sleeping body posture and cumulative number of sleep apnea types.
HU Hua-yuan1,GUO Yu-biao2,LIN Yu-miao3,LAI Su-yun1.1.Department of Respiratory,Huidong People's Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College,Huidong 516300,Guangdong,CHINA;2.Department of Respiratory,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,Guangdong,CHINA;3.Department of ENT,Huidong People's Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College,Huidong 516300,Guangdong,CHINA
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between sleeping body posture and cumulative number of different sleep apnea types for patients with sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(SAHS).MethodsFifty-five patients with SAHS were monitored by portable polysomnography,with four sleeping body positions(supine position, prone position,lateral position,and postural unknown)defined.The sleep apnea times of respective and total for hypoventilation,obstructive,central,mixed sleep apnea in different position were recorded.The differences for the number of times were analyzed.ResultsSleep apnea times of respective and total at lateral position showed significant differences (P<0.05),when lateral position compared to other positions.The number of times for respective and total of hypoventilation,obstructive,central,mixed sleep apnea at lateral position was(0.61±0.25),(3.44±1.98),(0.84±0.50),(1.29±0.58)and (6.33±2.97).The other kinds of sleeping positions showed no significant difference(P>0.05).ConclusionPatients with SAHS sleeping at lateral position can reduce the times of sleep apnea.
Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome;Sleeping body posture;Sleep apnea
R442.8
A
1003—6350(2013)03—0406—02
10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2015.03.0144
2014-04-01)
惠州市科技計劃項目(編號:2012Y203)
郭禹標。E-mail:448577591@qq.com