周悠
我們?cè)诜治鼋處熢捳Z使用情況和使用效果時(shí),主要從質(zhì)和量的角度去分析。教師話語最重要的作用是促進(jìn)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)。而事實(shí)上具體來說,教師話語在課堂里面有著許多作用,包括指令、解釋、敘事、啟發(fā)、提示、糾正、檢查、呈現(xiàn)新知識(shí)等。正確使用教師話語,可以促進(jìn)有效的課堂互動(dòng),促進(jìn)學(xué)生對(duì)語言輸入的理解,從而促進(jìn)學(xué)生的語言學(xué)習(xí)。筆者通過下面兩個(gè)例子來展示教師話語對(duì)促進(jìn)課堂互動(dòng)的重要性。
Example 1:
T:Which festival do you like best?
S: My favourite festival has a kind old man. He will give presents to children. Every child loves him.
T:Ok,your favourite festival is Christmas.
在這個(gè)例子里,教師詢問學(xué)生最喜歡的節(jié)日,學(xué)生做出回答之后,教師只是對(duì)學(xué)生的答案做出肯定,而并未利用教師話語,進(jìn)一步引起另一輪課堂互動(dòng)。
Example 2:
T: Which festival do you like best?
S: My favourite festival has a kind old man. He will give presents to children. Every child loves him.
T: Well,you mean an old man with white beards and have a large sock with presents in it?
S:Yes. A large sock.
T: We call him Santa Claus. And the festival is Christmas.
S: Yes. Christmas.
T: So your favourite festival is?Repeat it,please.
S: My favourite festival is Christmas.
T: Well done.
在這個(gè)例子里,當(dāng)學(xué)生做出回答之后,教師對(duì)學(xué)生回答的反饋引起了新一輪的互動(dòng),在這種有意義的協(xié)商過程中,學(xué)生不僅鍛煉了語言,并且增強(qiáng)了他們練習(xí)語言的自信。
編輯 孫玲娟