劉瑋　曹燕滔　艾國

[摘要] 目的 觀察天麻最細粉和普通粉對帕金森病（PD）大鼠腦內(nèi)神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)及血清中環(huán)磷酸腺苷（cAMP）/環(huán)磷酸鳥苷（cGMP）的調(diào)節(jié)作用，對比最細粉和普通粉的療效差別。 方法 采用腦內(nèi)定位注射6-羥基多巴胺（6-OHDA）建立PD大鼠模型。設(shè)立正常組、模型組、天麻普通粉組（1.8 g/kg）和天麻最細粉組（1.8 g/kg）。每天灌胃給藥1次，連續(xù)給藥3周后，應(yīng)用水迷宮實驗檢測大鼠學(xué)習記憶能力；采用高效液相色譜-電化學(xué)檢測法測定大鼠腦組織中神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)——多巴胺（DA）、去甲腎上腺素（NE）和5-羥色胺（5-HT）的含量變化；酶聯(lián)免疫法測定大鼠血清中cAMP和cGMP的含量及cAMP/cGMP的比值。 結(jié)果 經(jīng)過天麻普通粉和天麻最細粉的治療后，兩組大鼠的逃避潛伏期明顯縮短（P < 0.05），且天麻最細粉組對大鼠學(xué)習記憶能力的改善作用優(yōu)于普通粉組（P < 0.05）；天麻治療后大鼠腦組織的DA、NE、5-HT水平均顯著高于模型組（P < 0.05），且天麻最細粉組的改善作用優(yōu)于天麻普通粉組（P < 0.05）；天麻治療后大鼠血清中的cAMP顯著上升（P < 0.05），cGMP顯著降低（P < 0.05），導(dǎo)致cAMP/cGMP的比值顯著升高（P < 0.05），趨于正常，而且天麻最細粉組的療效明顯優(yōu)于天麻普通粉組（P < 0.05）。 結(jié)論 經(jīng)過天麻普通粉和天麻最細粉的治療后，PD大鼠的學(xué)習記憶能力得到改善，提高了PD大鼠腦組織中降低了的DA、NE、5-HT水平，調(diào)節(jié)了血清中cAMP/cGMP平衡，且天麻最細粉的療效優(yōu)于普通粉，為天麻最細粉的臨床使用提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 天麻；最細粉；普通粉；帕金森病大鼠

[中圖分類號] R284.2 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210（2015）08（c）-0022-05

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of superfine powder and common powder of Gastrodia elata on neurotransmitters and cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）/cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） regulating in rats with Parkinson's disease （PD）. Methods Model of PD rats were established with injection of 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） into the substantia nigra of right side brain. The mouse were divided into the normal group， model group， Gastrodia elata common powder group （1.8 g/kg）， and superfine powder group （1.8 g/kg）. After 3 weeks of admimistration， the learning and memory was determined by water maze test in all the groups. The levels of dopamine （DA）， noradrenaline （NE）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection technique. cAMP and cGMP were assayed by euzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results After treatment with superfine and common powder of Gastrodia elata， the escape latency was significantly shorter than the PD model rats （P < 0.05）， the levels of DA， NE and 5-HT of rats were significantly higher than those in the PD model rats （P < 0.05）， and serum cAMP significantly improved， cGMP significantly reduced， cAMP/cGMP significantly improved （P < 0.05）. The impacts on pharmacological actions were more significant in superfine powder group than in common powder group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Both the superfine and common powder of Gastrodia elata can improve the learning and memory ability， recover the levels of DA， NE， 5-HT and cAMP/cGMP in PD rats. Furthermore， the results indicate that the Gastrodia elata after superfine grinding can enhance the curative effect， which provides experimental references for the clinical study of superfine powder of Gastrodia elata.