建筑設(shè)計(jì)：山水秀建筑事務(wù)所

朱家角勝利街居委會(huì)和老年人日托站，上海，中國(guó)

Victory Street Neighborhood Committee and Elderly Day-Care Center at Zhujiajiao，Shanghai，China，2011

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：山水秀建筑事務(wù)所

Architects: Scenic Architecture

1 西山墻/West gable wall

時(shí)間的容器

勝利街地處上海青浦朱家角古鎮(zhèn)的東南一隅，這里遠(yuǎn)離北部喧鬧的旅游區(qū)，是古鎮(zhèn)原住民的安靜居所。新建的街道居委會(huì)和老年人日托站位于兩條小河的交匯處，將為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┥鐓^(qū)事務(wù)辦理、社區(qū)網(wǎng)吧、圖書(shū)室、娛樂(lè)室、茶室、健身以及老年人日托等社區(qū)服務(wù)。

這座建筑的設(shè)計(jì)始于建造方式本身，由于基地在歷史風(fēng)貌保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)，規(guī)劃部門(mén)要求建筑的尺度和風(fēng)格與周邊的傳統(tǒng)建筑保持一致。我們順應(yīng)這一條件，決定用江南民居最簡(jiǎn)樸的木結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)和構(gòu)造做法作為基本的建筑語(yǔ)言，并交由當(dāng)?shù)厥煜鹘y(tǒng)工法的施工隊(duì)來(lái)實(shí)施。這一策略使得設(shè)計(jì)從一開(kāi)始就摒棄了對(duì)所謂“形式創(chuàng)新”的追求。

江南民居的做法以姚承祖的《營(yíng)造法原》為宗。在學(xué)習(xí)了《營(yíng)造法原》的基本設(shè)計(jì)原理之后，我們開(kāi)始著手在這塊場(chǎng)地上構(gòu)想自己的“營(yíng)造”，并確立了幾項(xiàng)原則：

1）設(shè)計(jì)的目的是為當(dāng)?shù)氐木用裉峁┮惶幧鐓^(qū)公共生活的場(chǎng)所。我們希望這一場(chǎng)所具備安全性和舒適性，并通過(guò)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用袼煜さ慕ㄖ涂臻g語(yǔ)言使場(chǎng)所具有文化上的歸屬感。

2）在結(jié)構(gòu)形式和基本構(gòu)造上依照《營(yíng)造法原》的傳統(tǒng)。拋棄裝飾性構(gòu)件，只保留有結(jié)構(gòu)作用和構(gòu)造作用的基本做法。西山墻改傳統(tǒng)的實(shí)體粉墻為木格柵，在凸顯傳統(tǒng)木結(jié)構(gòu)框架體系的同時(shí)，以一種相對(duì)通透的方式在傳統(tǒng)文脈中表達(dá)了“這是一座新的社區(qū)公共建筑”的姿態(tài)。

3）庭院是靈魂。每個(gè)庭院氣質(zhì)的形成來(lái)源于由空間尺度、場(chǎng)地、新建筑、鄰里老屋以及彼時(shí)的光陰。

4）建筑的體驗(yàn)經(jīng)由建筑內(nèi)外的空間組織來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，是一連串不同的室內(nèi)和室外空間體驗(yàn)的集合。

在這些原則的指引下，我們循著功能和動(dòng)線編織出一組院落建筑。我們著迷于穿針引線的布局、晦明變化的庭院空間，以及同鄰里老屋的直接對(duì)話。作為建筑師，我們欣然地享受著個(gè)中樂(lè)趣，而無(wú)意再追逐新鮮的建筑樣式。

從勝利街自北大門(mén)向南進(jìn)入建筑，一條中廊穿過(guò)兩邊的居委會(huì)辦公室和社區(qū)網(wǎng)吧后，來(lái)到橫貫東西的前院，東邊將鄰居老宅的山墻收入院中，西邊則通過(guò)木柵欄與外部的古鎮(zhèn)風(fēng)景相通。而后，經(jīng)過(guò)圖書(shū)室兼會(huì)堂，進(jìn)入內(nèi)向的中院，茶室、棋牌室、接待室和會(huì)堂環(huán)繞四周，天井上空仍借進(jìn)東邊舊宅的墻頭，以為一景。西南角連接可供殘障人士使用的坡道入口，東南角則通往后院，由一個(gè)天井和乒乓屋完成空間轉(zhuǎn)承之后，引向老年人日托站。這座南向的長(zhǎng)建筑微微轉(zhuǎn)折，北邊通過(guò)高窗和小天井回應(yīng)了背后緊鄰的舊屋，南邊面朝窄院和長(zhǎng)滿爬山虎的老墻，墻的另一邊是遺存的柳亞子故居。這座建筑的使用者大都會(huì)在里面呆上一整個(gè)白天，我們相信，尺度不一的房間、走廊、庭院，時(shí)不時(shí)進(jìn)入視野的老屋和外景，以及變化的時(shí)節(jié)，會(huì)讓他們的內(nèi)心感受到光陰的流轉(zhuǎn)和靜好。

建筑形制的單一并不妨礙空間在形和意上的變化萬(wàn)千，新既出于虛，又何在乎實(shí)耶？

2 平面/Plan

The Container of Time

Located in the southeast area of Shanghai Zhujiajiao old town，Victory Street is a calm residential neighborhood far away from the noisy tourist area in the north. The newly built community center，strategically sited at the intersection of two small rivers，will provide local residents with a full range of facilities，including committee office，internet café，teahouse，reading，recreation and fitting rooms，as well as an elderly day-care center.

According to one requirement from local urban planning authorities，the new building needs to be consistent with the surrounding traditional buildings in terms of both scale and style，as it is within the historical preservation zone. We decide to adopt the simplest wooden structural system of the Jiangnan （South of the Yangtze River） vernacular architecture as our basic design vocabulary，and entrust the construction to local contractors who are familiar with the system. With this decision，we refrained from pursuing "innovative forms" in the first place.

The traditional system of Jiangnan vernacular houses origins from the Qing-dynasty treatise Ying Zao Fa Yuan （Principles and Origins of Building）by YAO Chengzu. Having studied the fundamental principles of the treatise，we began to conceive specific building codes for the site and set up the following rules:

（1） The objective is to provide a place for local community life. We hope the place can provide both safety and comfort，and try to afford it with a cultural identity through an architectural and spatial language familiar to the local people.

（2） In terms of basic tectonics，the tradition of Ying Zao Fa Yuan should be followed，keeping only essential structural components while eliminating decorative elements. The usual solid sidewall of the west elevation is changed to a wood curtain wall so as to illuminate the traditional structural framework and，with a relatively open gesture，to present a "new public building" within an old cultural context.

（3） The courtyard is the soul. The aura of each courtyard comes from its spatial scale，its location，the new building and neighboring old houses，sunlight，wind，and the breath of a bygone time.

3 次入口/Secondary entrance4 南院/South courtyard

（4） The architectural experience is realized through the organization of a series of alternating interior and exterior spaces，hence an assemblage of various experiences.

Guided by the above rules，we laid out a group of courtyard buildings following function and circulation. We are fascinated with the intricate threads of spatial disposition，the ever-changing light in the courtyard，and the direct dialogue with old houses. As architects we enjoyed this process so much that we have no further desire to pursue any fancy new forms.

Entering the building from the northern gate on Victory Street and passing through a corridor along the community office and the internet café，one arrives at the front courtyard. Facing the sidewall of an existing old house to the east and opening to the outside old town to the west，this courtyard introduces the multi-use lounge that houses the library and meeting hall，which opens to a central courtyard surrounded by wing corridors containing the teahouse，mahjong room，reception，and meeting rooms. The top of the old house's wall to the east features as scenic spot in the courtyard. The southwest entry connects with a handicapped ramp，while the southeast corner leads towards the backyard，from where one passes through a light well and a ping pang room before reaching the elderly day-care center. This southward，elongated building subtly turns itself，its small light well and clerestory windows on the north responding to the immediately adjacent old houses behind； on the south，it opens up to a long，narrow courtyard with its creeper-clad old wall protecting the former residence of Liu Yazi on the other side.

The users of the building would more or less spend a whole day indoor. We believe that the various-sized rooms，corridors，courtyards，the old houses and sceneries that come into view every now and then，as well as the changing and cycling seasons，will all make them feel the tranquil flow of time.

The architectural uniformity does not necessarily obstruct the spatial diversity in either form or meaning. Now that the "novel" comes from the void，why bother with the "solid"？

5 內(nèi)景/Interior view6 剖面/Section

7 老年人日托站入口/Entrance to the Elderly Day-care Center

8 廊子/Corridor

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: 祝曉峰/ZHU Xiaofeng

業(yè)主/Client: 朱家角鎮(zhèn)政府/Zhujiajiao Town Government功能/Program: 社區(qū)服務(wù)/Community services

基地面積/Site Area: 663m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 502m2

建筑結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure: 傳統(tǒng)木結(jié)構(gòu)/Traditional wood structure

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Year: 2007

攝影/Photos：Jeremy Chen（fig.1，3，5，7-9），蘇圣亮/SU Shengliang （fig.4 ）

9 棋牌室/Chess room

評(píng)論

龔愷：在傳統(tǒng)的江南小鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)這樣一座建筑挺有中國(guó)特色的。倒不是指建筑的形式，關(guān)鍵是將居委會(huì)和老人日托站結(jié)合到了一起。這樣，基層干部可以“不脫離群眾”，老人也可以和人說(shuō)說(shuō)心里話，建筑師精心設(shè)計(jì)的流線不光將幾個(gè)庭院串聯(lián)了起來(lái)，關(guān)鍵是使兩種不同的人群發(fā)生了聯(lián)系，稍有擔(dān)心的是，作為連接兩部分的公共四合小院最后的主人會(huì)是誰(shuí)？

程曉青：日間照料中心是我國(guó)目前大力推廣的新型社會(huì)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)設(shè)施，一般依托街道社區(qū)而設(shè)，服務(wù)對(duì)象主要是周?chē)睦夏昃用?，因此，環(huán)境歸屬感和文化認(rèn)同感是提高使用者接受度的重要因素之一。本案例根植于中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)營(yíng)造文化，從朱家角古鎮(zhèn)民居中汲取設(shè)計(jì)靈感，試圖用居民們既熟悉又陌生的建筑空間和形式語(yǔ)言創(chuàng)造真正屬于他們的“家”，體現(xiàn)了作者對(duì)老年人的尊重與關(guān)懷。

Comments

GONG Kai: A building like this in a traditional Jiangnan town is quite characteristic of China. Not that its architectural form is anything remarkable； the point is，it combines a neighborhood committee with an elder-care center，so that grassroots cadres will not "stand apart from the masses"，while the elders may also confide in others. The carefully-devised circulation not only connects several courtyards，but also plays a critical part in establishing a relationship between two different groups of people. My minor concern is: who would be the ultimate owners of the public courtyards connecting these two parts？

CHENG Xiaoqing: Day care center is a new kind of social pension service facility which is vigorously promoted now in China. Generally it depends on the streets and communities，serving mainly the elderly residents around. As a result，the sense of belonging and cultural identity is one of the important factors in improving user acceptance. This case is rooted in Chinese traditional architecture，drawing inspiration from the ancient houses in the old town of Zhujiajiao. The architect tries to create a real "home" for the residents by using both familiar and unfamiliar architectural space and formal language，which reflects the respect and carefor the aged.