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      脈沖電流經(jīng)皮刺激運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞大鼠肝區(qū)對(duì)肝的影響*

      2015-11-01 07:50:13朱履剛黃昌林常祺
      實(shí)用醫(yī)藥雜志 2015年12期
      關(guān)鍵詞:肝區(qū)脈沖電流乳酸

      朱履剛,黃昌林,常祺

      基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)

      脈沖電流經(jīng)皮刺激運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞大鼠肝區(qū)對(duì)肝的影響*

      朱履剛,黃昌林,常祺*

      目的探討脈沖電流經(jīng)皮刺激肝區(qū)對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞大鼠肝的影響。方法72只雄性Wistar大鼠隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組、疲勞組和刺激組,每組24只。疲勞組和刺激組進(jìn)行游泳訓(xùn)練,建立運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞模型,刺激組訓(xùn)練后給予大鼠肝區(qū)脈沖電流(1024Hz,10mA)刺激,于第1、3、5周訓(xùn)練結(jié)束后禁食水24 h,處死動(dòng)物,心臟采血,檢測(cè)肝功能相關(guān)指標(biāo),包括丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、總膽紅素(TBIL)、總蛋白(TP)、乳酸(LD)及乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)。采用免疫組化方法測(cè)定大鼠肝組織Bcl-2和Bax的表達(dá)分布。結(jié)果第1、3、5周末三組血TBIL及TP含量均無顯著性差異,刺激組血LDH含量明顯低于疲勞組(P<0.05);血ALT、AST及LD含量第1周末疲勞組明顯高對(duì)照組及刺激組(P<0.05),而對(duì)照組和刺激組無顯著差別,第3、5周末疲勞組明顯高于對(duì)照組及刺激組(P<0.05)。第1周末三組大鼠肝組織Bcl-2表達(dá)無明顯差別(P>0.05),第3周末刺激組肝組織Bcl-2表達(dá)明顯高于疲勞組(P<0.05),但與對(duì)照組比較無顯著差異(P>0.05),第5周末刺激組肝組織Bcl-2表達(dá)明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),但高于疲勞組(P<0.05);刺激組大鼠肝組織Bax表達(dá)在第1周末與對(duì)照組比較無顯著差異(P>0.05),隨后開始顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),但在各時(shí)間的均顯著低于疲勞組(P<0.05);第1、3、5周疲勞組Bcl-2/Bax均顯著低于對(duì)照組和刺激組(P<0.05),而第3、5周時(shí)刺激組亦顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞可以增加Bax蛋白在肝細(xì)胞的表達(dá),減少Bcl-2表達(dá),誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,引起肝組織損傷;經(jīng)皮脈沖電流刺激運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞大鼠肝區(qū),能降低Bax在肝中的表達(dá),增加Bcl-2的表達(dá),顯著減少運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞的肝損害,有延緩運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞的發(fā)生,促進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞的恢復(fù),加速乳酸清除等作用。

      脈沖電流;疲勞;肝;蛋白質(zhì);Bcl-2;Bax

      細(xì)胞的程序性死亡又被稱為細(xì)胞凋亡,需要啟動(dòng)特殊的基因,轉(zhuǎn)錄和合成細(xì)胞內(nèi)的特定蛋白質(zhì),Bcl-2家族成員的一類蛋白質(zhì)在細(xì)胞凋亡過程中起到重要作用[1,2]。有研究表明,大鼠肝細(xì)胞凋亡數(shù)量隨運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的增加顯著增加[3]。本項(xiàng)研究中,筆者建立了運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞大鼠模型,通過脈沖電流經(jīng)皮刺激大鼠肝區(qū),觀察肝相關(guān)指標(biāo)變化及大鼠肝細(xì)胞凋亡蛋白Bcl-2,Bax蛋白的表達(dá),以此研究脈沖電流抗疲勞的作用機(jī)制。

      1 材料與方法

      1.1動(dòng)物模型制備健康雄性8周齡Wistar大鼠72只(河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心提供),體重(195±8)g,適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)7 d,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組、疲勞組和刺激組,每組24只。按組進(jìn)行分籠,飼養(yǎng)室溫度為23℃,濕度為60%,自然光照,自由攝食、飲水。實(shí)驗(yàn)開始前7 d,每只大鼠每天學(xué)習(xí)游泳25min,水溫(35±1)℃,水深70 cm,隨后連續(xù)進(jìn)行5W實(shí)驗(yàn)。疲勞組和刺激組每周進(jìn)行游泳訓(xùn)練6 d,休息1 d,游泳2次/d,1 h/次,當(dāng)大鼠浮在水面不運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)用木棒驅(qū)趕,使其維持運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。每組大鼠游泳后換水。大鼠游泳訓(xùn)練結(jié)束后,用60W的燈迅速烘干大鼠的被毛。每組在游泳后均給予腹腔注射鹽酸氯胺酮注射液0.25 g/kg麻醉。刺激組在游泳后給予大鼠肝區(qū)電刺激,頻率1 024Hz,強(qiáng)度10mA,時(shí)間20min。

      1.2取材、標(biāo)本制備及檢測(cè)指標(biāo)分別在1、3、5周第7天,大鼠禁食水24 h,分批麻醉處死(每組每時(shí)間點(diǎn)8只),心臟采血,檢測(cè)肝功能相關(guān)指標(biāo),包括丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、總膽紅素(TBIL)、總蛋白(TP)、乳酸(LD)及乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)。立即取部分肝右葉以10%中性多聚甲醛固定24~48 h,常規(guī)石蠟包埋切片,脫蠟至水,采用Bcl-2及Bax免疫組化染色試劑盒(武漢博士德生物工程有限公司)檢測(cè)Bcl-2及Bax表達(dá),具體操作嚴(yán)格按說明書操作,PBS代替一抗作為陰性對(duì)照。FULINON HC-300系統(tǒng)采集圖像,Image pro plus 4.1軟件分析圖像。每只動(dòng)物選3張切片,每張切片隨機(jī)選取不重復(fù)的6個(gè)視野(×400)進(jìn)行積分光密度值(IOD)定量分析。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1脈沖電流經(jīng)皮刺激肝區(qū)對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞大鼠肝功能的影響第1、3、5周末三組大鼠血液中TBIL及TP含量無顯著性差異(P>0.05)。第1周末對(duì)照組及刺激組血液中LDH含量無顯著性差異,但均低于疲勞組(P<0.05);第3、5周末刺激組血液中LDH含量低于疲勞組(P<0.05)、高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。第1周末疲勞組血ALT、AST及LD含量明顯高于其他兩組(P<0.05),對(duì)照組和刺激組無顯著性差異;第3、5周末疲勞組血ALT、AST及LD含量明顯高于其他兩組(P<0.05),刺激組明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見表1。

      2.2脈沖電流對(duì)疲勞大鼠肝組織Bcl-2和Bax表達(dá)的影響第1周末三組大鼠肝組織Bcl-2表達(dá)無明顯差別(P>0.05),第3周末刺激組肝組織Bcl-2表達(dá)明顯高于疲勞組(P<0.05),但與對(duì)照組比較無顯著差異(P>0.05),第5周末刺激組肝組織Bcl-2表達(dá)明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),但高于疲勞組(P<0.05);疲勞組大鼠肝組織Bax表達(dá)在第1、3、5周末均顯著高于對(duì)照組和刺激組(P<0.05),刺激組大鼠肝組織Bax表達(dá)第1周末與對(duì)照組無顯著差異,而第3、5周末顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);疲勞組大鼠肝組織Bcl-2/Bax比值在第1、3、5周末均顯著低于對(duì)照組和刺激組(P<0.05),刺激組大鼠肝組織Bcl-2/Bax比值第1周末與對(duì)照組無顯著差異,而第3、5周末顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05,表2)。

      表1 各組大鼠血TBIL、TP、LDH、ALT、AST及LD的含量(±s,n=8)

      表1 各組大鼠血TBIL、TP、LDH、ALT、AST及LD的含量(±s,n=8)

      注:與對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.05;與運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練組比較,#P<0.05;

      項(xiàng)目訓(xùn)練時(shí)間(周)1 3 5 TBIL(μmol/L)對(duì)照組1.16±0.19 1.15±0.17 1.09±0.10疲勞組1.14±0.21 1.13±0.22 1.09±0.11刺激組1.20±0.24 1.10±0.22 1.09±0.11 TP(g/L)對(duì)照組47.49±8.35 49.78±5.49 50.91±5.90疲勞組48.59±8.92 49.44±7.06 49.02±8.09刺激組50.60±10.00 49.40±7.49 50.78±7.03 LDH(U/L)對(duì)照組1060±104 1057±96 1058±99疲勞組1336±127*1477±105*1831±106*刺激組1072±93#1185±125*#1422±112*#ALT(U/L)對(duì)照組38.62±3.11 38.75±2.92 38.88±2.70疲勞組58.25±5.82*65.38±5.12*73.00±6.37*刺激組39.50±5.04#46.00±5.34*#58.62±7.00*#AST(U/L)對(duì)照組107.3±13.0 108.9±16.1 106.5±13.8疲勞組149.9±14.3*169.3±14.6*187.3±16.1*刺激組110.1±9.9#128.0±20.0*#153.5±11.6*#LD(mmol/L)對(duì)照組6.52±1.99 6.38±1.99 6.33±1.94疲勞組14.75±2.56*18.89±2.50*22.18±2.14*刺激組8.05±1.80#12.69±1.95*#16.04±1.97*#

      表2 各組大鼠Bcl-2和Bax的積分光密度值及其比值的比較(±s,n=8)

      表2 各組大鼠Bcl-2和Bax的積分光密度值及其比值的比較(±s,n=8)

      注:與安靜對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.05;與運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練組比較,#P<0.05

      時(shí)間Bcl-2(IOD值)Bax(IOD值)Bcl-2/Bax第1周末對(duì)照組63.40±6.73 68.42±5.84 0.93±0.03疲勞組61.21±5.65 89.95±6.41*0.68±0.03*刺激組62.89±5.04 68.03±6.06#0.93±0.04#第3周末對(duì)照組65.38±3.96 69.86±5.03 0.94±0.03疲勞組54.39±5.68*107.99±4.69*0.50±0.04*刺激組61.60±5.79#92.63±9.53*#0.67±0.06*#第5周末對(duì)照組62.71±4.26 67.86±4.53 0.92±0.04疲勞組48.10±5.05*120.08±4.08*0.40±0.05*刺激組54.43±4.84*#109.64±7.03*#0.50±0.04*#

      3 討論

      肝是人體的重要器官,具有各種代謝功能。血清ALT和AST增加在某種程度上反映了肝的破壞程度。肝細(xì)胞損傷時(shí),肝細(xì)胞膜通透性升高,ALT和AST進(jìn)入血液,導(dǎo)致血清ALT和AST升高。本研究結(jié)果顯示,在整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中除AST和ALT外三組其他肝功能指標(biāo)無顯著差異。大鼠疲勞組血清AST和ALT明顯較刺激組升高(P<0.05),表明電刺激可以減少運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞造成的肝損傷。當(dāng)高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),LDH大量溢出細(xì)胞導(dǎo)致血清LDH活性增高,所以血清LDH能夠反映過度訓(xùn)練對(duì)機(jī)體組織的損傷輕重[4]。本研究結(jié)果表明,刺激組的LDH水平在各個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上與疲勞組相比較均明顯降低。LD作為體內(nèi)糖原無氧代謝的最終產(chǎn)物,其增加導(dǎo)致肌肉內(nèi)氫離子濃度增加,使pH值下降,從而產(chǎn)生一系列生化反應(yīng),是疲勞發(fā)生的主要原因之一[5]。LD新陳代謝加速是防止運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞產(chǎn)生,提高運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的一個(gè)重要方法[6]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,疲勞組血清乳酸含量較刺激組顯著升高(P<0.05),可見采用脈沖電流經(jīng)皮刺激大鼠肝區(qū)能明顯降低血清乳酸含量。

      在多細(xì)胞生物個(gè)體中,肝細(xì)胞凋亡對(duì)個(gè)體正常發(fā)育、維持內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定以及抵抗外界各種干擾等方面起著關(guān)鍵作用[7-9]。異常的肝細(xì)胞凋亡在急性和慢性肝損傷的發(fā)病機(jī)制中起重要作用[10]。細(xì)胞凋亡有兩個(gè)重要調(diào)控基因的表達(dá)產(chǎn)物,包括Bcl-2和Bax。其中Bax的過高表達(dá)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞凋亡,而Bcl-2是拮抗作用。Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的比例是決定細(xì)胞凋亡發(fā)生率的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素[11]。Bax表達(dá)占主導(dǎo)地位,細(xì)胞凋亡大于增值,反之則表現(xiàn)為增值,從而影響機(jī)體的功能。本研究結(jié)果顯示,刺激組Bax的表達(dá)從第3周末起即明顯高于對(duì)照組,但低于疲勞組;Bcl-2的表達(dá)僅在第5周末低于對(duì)照組,但仍高于疲勞組,余時(shí)間點(diǎn)和對(duì)照組無明顯差別,而Bcl-2/ Bax比值各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均明顯高于疲勞組,提示脈沖電流經(jīng)皮刺激大鼠肝區(qū)可明顯降低Bax的表達(dá),增加Bcl-2的表達(dá),提高Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的比例,對(duì)肝細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生保護(hù)作用。

      綜上所述,運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞可以增加Bax蛋白在肝細(xì)胞的表達(dá),減少Bcl-2表達(dá),誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,引起肝組織損傷;經(jīng)皮脈沖電流刺激大鼠肝區(qū),能降低Bax在肝的表達(dá),增加Bcl-2的表達(dá),從而提高Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的比例,抑制肝細(xì)胞過度凋亡,顯著減少運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞的肝損害,有延緩運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞的發(fā)【參考文獻(xiàn)】

      生,促進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞的恢復(fù),加速乳酸清除等作用。

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      [3]袁海平,孫蓉,史仍飛,等.大鼠不同強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)肝細(xì)胞凋亡的影響[J].上海體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2001,25(4):31.

      [4]Nosaka K,Sakamoto K,Newton M,et al.How long does the protective effect on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage last[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2001,33(9):1490.

      [5]宋昕恬,張晶瑩.人參三醇組皂苷對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞大鼠血糖、血乳酸、血尿素氮的影響[J].中國(guó)衛(wèi)生工程學(xué),2013,12(5):359-361.

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      [2015-05-11收稿,2015-06-10修回]

      [本文編輯:韓仲琪]

      Influence of the percutaneous impulsive current stimulation on hepatic area in exercise-induced fatigue rats

      ZHU Lv-gang①,HUANG Chang-lin,CHANG Qi.①Dept.of Orthopedics,No.150 Hospital of Chinese PLA,Luoyang,Henan 471031,China

      Objective To study pulsed current transcutaneous stimulation effects on hepatic area in exercise-induced fatigue rats.M ethods The 72 male Wistar rats were random ly divided into three groups:control group(n=24),exercise training group(n=24)and stimulating group(n=24).The exercise training group and the stimulating group were given swimming training to establish exercise-induced fatigue models,and then impulsive current stimulation was given to the stimulating group.At the 1st,3rd,and 5th weekend,deprived of eating and drinking for 24 hours,then 8 rats of each group were randomly chosen and sacrificed,then the blood was drawn from the heart to measure the level of hepatic function,such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),total protein(TP),lactic acid(LD)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH). And the immunohistochemical method was used to determine the Bcl-2 and the Bax expression and distribution of the rat’s hepatic tissue.Results 1)At the 1st,3rd,and 5th weekend,three groups rat’s TBIL and TP content were not of remarkable difference in statistics(P>0.05),stimulating group LDH content obviously lower than training group(P<0.05);At the 1st week end,the ALT,AST and LD contents of the exercise training group was higher than the stimulating group and the control group(P<0.05),but control group and stimulating group is no significantly difference(P>0.05).At the 3rd and 5th weekend,exercise training group was higher than control group and the stimulus group(P<0.05);2)At the 1st weekend,the rat’s hepatic Bcl-2 expression of each group was not of remarkable difference in statistics(P>0.05).At the 3rd weekend the rat’s hepatic Bcl-2 expression of the stimulating group and the control group were not of remarkable difference in statistics(P>0.05),but higher than the exercise training group(P<0.05).At the 5th weekend,the rat’s hepatic Bcl-2 expression of the stimulating group was higher than the exercise training group(P<0.05)and lower than the control group(P<0.05).The rat’s hepatic Bax expression of the stimulating group and the control group were not of remarkable difference in statistics(P>0.05)at the 1st weekend,and then it was higher than the control group(P<0.05)but lower than the exercise training group(P<0.05).The rat’s hepatic Bcl-2/Bax of the exercise training group is lower than the control group and the stimulating group(P<0.05)at the 1st,3rd,5th weekend.Conclusion The exercise-induced fatigue causes obvious elevation of Bax expression and obvious reduction of Bcl-2 expression in hepatic cell,which inducing the hepatic cell to apoptosis and consequently damaging the hepatic organization.The percutaneous impulsive current stimulation to the hepatic area of exercise-induced fatigue rat can reduce Bax expression and elevate the Bcl-2 expression to protect the normal construction of hepatic tissue.The suitable frequency of impulsive current stimulation can reduce the hepatic damage due to exercise-induced fatigue.In the exercise-induced fatigue developing process,it also can delay exercise-induced fatigue occurrence,promote exercise-induced fatigue oration,and accelerate lactic acid elimination,and so on.

      Impulsive current;Fatigue;Liver;Protein;Bcl-2;Bax

      基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)

      R442.9:R454.1

      A

      全軍衛(wèi)生和疾病防控應(yīng)用性研究指令性課題《現(xiàn)代軍事作業(yè)中健康保護(hù)及軍事訓(xùn)練傷診斷防治技術(shù)的研究》13BJY18

      471031河南洛陽,解放軍150醫(yī)院骨科(朱履剛,黃昌林),全軍軍事訓(xùn)練醫(yī)學(xué)研究所(常祺)

      常祺,Email:changqi1127@gmail.com

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