戴曉杭
(上海對外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué) 國際商務(wù)外語學(xué)院,上海 201620)
分詞作定語的漢譯方法—以《美韓自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定》為例
戴曉杭
(上海對外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué) 國際商務(wù)外語學(xué)院,上海 201620)
法律英語語言嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、邏輯清晰、表達準(zhǔn)確。而法律英語中分詞作定語的情況非常常見,也是翻譯的一個難點,故本文主要介紹了法律英語分詞作定語的翻譯方法,以求對掌握法律英語的翻譯有某些啟示。
美韓自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定;分詞定語;過去分詞;現(xiàn)在分詞;后置
英語分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種,他們兼有形容詞、副詞和動詞的特征?,F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以當(dāng)作定語使用,但它們作定語時的含義和用法各有不同??偟膩碚f,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動意義,過去分詞作定語表示被動意義;現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行,過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成,或表示被動的動作。分詞作定語的情況比較復(fù)雜,所涉及的翻譯方法也比較多。處理得不好,往往會出錯,因此,本文將以《美韓自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定》為例,對分詞及其短語作定語的譯法進行初步探討,并作簡要分析。
單個分詞作定語,通常位于它所修飾的詞之前,或位于其后。不論是單個分詞還是分詞短語,不論是在所修飾的詞前還是詞后,翻譯時,通常采用直譯的方法,用“的”字譯在它所修飾的詞之前,直接譯為漢語的定語。例如:
例1:...have agreed on compensation or on a resolution pursuant to article 22.12.1 and the complaining Party considers that the Party complained against has failed to observe the terms of the agreement...
譯文:......已經(jīng)就賠償或第22.12.1條下的解決方案達成一致意見,以及申訴締約方認(rèn)為應(yīng)訴方?jīng)]有遵守本協(xié)定的條款......(前置)
例2:......thereafter provide written
notice to the Party complained against that it intends to suspend the application to the Party complained against of benefits of equivalent effect.
譯文:......在此后的任何時候給應(yīng)訴方提供其計劃中止應(yīng)訴方等效利益的書面通知。(后置)。
例3:If a Party fails to propose a panelist within that period, the Parties shall meet within seven days and select a panelist by lot from among the members of the contingent list established under paragraph 3 who are nationals of that Party.
譯文:若在此期間一締約方未能推薦一名專家,締約雙方應(yīng)在七日內(nèi)會面,并根據(jù)第3款建立的備選名單中從其國籍成員中通過抽簽產(chǎn)生一名專家。(后置)
例4:Accordingly, neither Party shall waive or otherwise derogate from, or offer to waive or otherwise derogate from, such laws in a manner that weakens or reduces the protections afforded in those laws in a manner affecting trade or investment between the Parties.
譯文:因此,任何一締約方都不應(yīng)以影響締約雙方之間貿(mào)易或投資的方式削弱或減少那些法律賦予的保護的辦法來不執(zhí)行或以其它方式違背,或主動提出不執(zhí)行或以其它方式違背這樣的法律。(既有過去分詞后置定語,又有現(xiàn)在分詞后置定語)
例5:Accordingly, where a course of action or inaction relates to laws, regulations, and other measures to fulfill its obligations under covered agreements, that shall be relevant to a determination under clause(i) regarding whether an allocation of resources is reasonable and bonafide.
譯文:締約雙方認(rèn)識到涵蓋協(xié)定的重要性。因此,若一系列行動或非行動與履行其涵蓋協(xié)定下的法律、法規(guī)和其它措施項下的義務(wù)相關(guān),那應(yīng)與執(zhí)法資源分配是否合理和是否出于善意有關(guān)的第(i)項下的裁決有關(guān)。(過去分詞前置定語covered和現(xiàn)在分詞后置定語regarding都直接譯為漢語的定語)
例6:This Article does not apply to measures affecting the electronic transmission of a series of text, video, images, sound recordings, andother products scheduled by a content provider for aural and/or visual reception, and for which the content consumer has no choice over the scheduling of the series.
譯文:本條款不適用于影響一系列文本、視頻、圖片、錄音和其它內(nèi)容供應(yīng)商固定時間播送,內(nèi)容消費者對播送時間安排無從選擇的音頻和/或視頻接收產(chǎn)品電子傳輸?shù)拇胧?。(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和過去分詞作定語皆后置)
當(dāng)單個分詞和分詞短語在句中同時修飾同一個詞時,通常是單個的分詞在所修飾的詞之前,分詞短語在其后。但在漢譯時,一般要先譯短語,后譯單個分詞。例如:
例7: Any disputing party claiming that certain information constitutes protected information shall clearly designate the information at the time it is submitted to the tribunal;
譯文:所有宣稱某信息為受保護信息的爭議方應(yīng)當(dāng)在向仲裁庭提交這些信息時明確指定受保護的信息;。
在英語貿(mào)易協(xié)定中,分詞作定語的譯法多樣,漢譯時應(yīng)根據(jù)分詞不同的結(jié)構(gòu)、含義以及潛在的邏輯關(guān)系,采用不同的翻譯方法。這樣才能使譯文符合漢語法律文書的表達習(xí)慣,準(zhǔn)確傳達原文內(nèi)容。
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English-Chinese Translation of Participles as Attributes A Case Study of English-Chinese Translation of U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement
Dai Xiaohang
(Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, 201620,China)
Legal texts are precise, with clear logic, and accurate.In legal texts it is very common that participles are as attributes, and it is a diffcult point for translation.This paper mainly introduces translation methods of participles as attributes in legal texts.Hope the methods introduced can be helpful to future legal texts translations.
U.S.-Korea free trade agreement; participles as attributes; past participles; present participles; post-position attributives
戴曉杭(1979-),男,上海人。