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      SphK1和FAK對(duì)人結(jié)腸癌HCT116細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響*

      2016-04-15 03:11:32諸葛春鳳劉詩(shī)權(quán)覃蒙斌梁夢(mèng)紫黃杰安
      中國(guó)病理生理雜志 2016年3期

      諸葛春鳳, 劉詩(shī)權(quán), 譚 林, 覃蒙斌, 梁夢(mèng)紫, 黃杰安

      (廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,廣西 南寧 530021)

      ?

      SphK1和FAK對(duì)人結(jié)腸癌HCT116細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響*

      諸葛春鳳,劉詩(shī)權(quán)△,譚林,覃蒙斌,梁夢(mèng)紫,黃杰安

      (廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,廣西 南寧 530021)

      [摘要]目的: 研究鞘氨醇激酶1(sphingosine kinase l,SphK1)和黏著斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,F(xiàn)AK)對(duì)人結(jié)腸癌HCT116細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)的影響。方法: 將人結(jié)腸癌HCT116細(xì)胞分成3組:采用SphK1抑制劑N, N-二甲基鞘胺醇(N,N-dimethylsphingosine,DMS)、FAK抑制劑PF573228和相同體積的培養(yǎng)基分別處理細(xì)胞。MTT法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活力,Western blot方法檢測(cè)SphK1、FAK、E-cadherin、N-cadherin、vimentin和基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶 2(MMP2)蛋白的表達(dá),real-time PCR檢測(cè)SphK1、鞘氨醇1-磷酸(S1P)、FAK、E-cadherin 和vimentin mRNA的表達(dá),并應(yīng)用細(xì)胞劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷移能力。結(jié)果: PF573228和DMS均明顯抑制人結(jié)腸癌HCT116細(xì)胞的活力, 并呈時(shí)間劑量依賴(lài)性。DMS抑制SphK1的表達(dá),同時(shí)下調(diào)FAK、N-cadherin、vimentin和MMP2蛋白的表達(dá),而上調(diào)E-cadherin蛋白表達(dá)上調(diào)。PF573228明顯抑制FAK的表達(dá),同時(shí)抑制SphK1、N-cadherin、vimentin和MMP2的表達(dá),上調(diào)E-cadherin蛋白的表達(dá)(P<0.01)。劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示PF573228和DMS顯著抑制HCT116細(xì)胞的遷移能力(P<0.01)。與對(duì)照組比較,PF573228組和DMS組FAK、SphK1、S1P以及vimentin mRNA的表達(dá)明顯下調(diào),而E-cadherin mRNA的表達(dá)則明顯上調(diào)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論: SphK1和FAK信號(hào)通路可能在結(jié)腸癌HTC116細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用。

      [關(guān)鍵詞]鞘氨醇激酶1; 黏著斑激酶; 上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化; 人結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞

      結(jié)腸癌發(fā)生侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移是影響結(jié)腸癌預(yù)后的關(guān)鍵因素,是導(dǎo)致患者死亡的主要的原因[1],越來(lái)越多的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)在腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展及轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中扮演了至關(guān)重要的角色[2]。然而,EMT在結(jié)腸癌中的作用及其機(jī)制尚不明確。

      黏著斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,F(xiàn)AK)是一種非受體分子量為125 kD的蛋白酪氨酸激酶,在結(jié)構(gòu)上分為4個(gè)功能域:在N端附近的FERM區(qū)域、中央催化激酶域、3個(gè)富含脯氨酸的區(qū)域PRⅠ、PRⅡ、PRⅢ和在C末端附近的黏著斑目標(biāo)域,F(xiàn)AK的羧基端存在多個(gè)位點(diǎn),可與細(xì)胞骨架蛋白和信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)蛋白結(jié)合,其功能可能是將多種蛋白聚集在一起而發(fā)揮其生物學(xué)功能。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)FAK在包括結(jié)腸癌在內(nèi)的腫瘤細(xì)胞的黏附、侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移及EMT中均發(fā)揮了重要的作用[3-4]。對(duì)結(jié)腸癌的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)下調(diào)FAK或使用FAK抑制劑,可增強(qiáng)E-cadherin的表達(dá)并增加細(xì)胞的黏附性,同時(shí)抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞擴(kuò)散轉(zhuǎn)移[5]。表明FAK可能參與了結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞EMT的發(fā)生,但其機(jī)制目前尚不明確。我們以前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鞘氨醇激酶1(sphingosine kinase 1,SphK1)可調(diào)控FAK在結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)而參與腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[6]。因此,SphK1和FAK可能在結(jié)腸癌EMT發(fā)生過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用。

      本研究中,我們采用SphK1抑制劑DMS和FAK抑制劑PF573228調(diào)控結(jié)腸癌HCT-116細(xì)胞SphK1和FAK的表達(dá),觀察細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移以及對(duì)EMT相關(guān)標(biāo)志物表達(dá)的影響,了解SphK1和FAK對(duì)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞EMT的影響及其機(jī)制。

      材料和方法

      1主要材料和試劑

      結(jié)腸癌HCT116細(xì)胞購(gòu)自中國(guó)科學(xué)院細(xì)胞庫(kù);四氮唑藍(lán)(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)、SphK1抑制劑N,N-二甲基鞘胺醇(N,N-dimethylsphingosine,DMS)購(gòu)自Sigma;FAK抑制劑PF573228(Selleck);兔抗人GAPDH、E-cadherin、N-cadherin和FAK單克隆抗體購(gòu)自CST;兔抗人vimentin和基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase 2,MMP2)單克隆抗體購(gòu)自Proteintech;RNAsio、逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)試劑和SYBR? Premix Ex TaqTMⅡ (Tli RNaseH Plus)購(gòu)自Roche;IRDye800標(biāo)記的羊抗兔 II 抗(LiCor);胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,F(xiàn)BS)購(gòu)自ExCell;DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)自Gibco。

      2方法

      2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)人結(jié)腸癌HCT116細(xì)胞株用含10%胎牛血清的培養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng)于5%CO2、37℃的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中,細(xì)胞在培養(yǎng)瓶中長(zhǎng)滿(mǎn)約90%時(shí)傳代。傳代時(shí)常規(guī)吸去培養(yǎng)液,PBS潤(rùn)洗3遍后用0.25%的胰蛋白酶消化,按所需細(xì)胞密度接種,取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期細(xì)胞用于實(shí)驗(yàn)。

      2.2MTT法測(cè)定HCT116細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞活力取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期細(xì)胞制成細(xì)胞懸液, 細(xì)胞密度調(diào)整為1.5×107/L, 接種至96孔板,每孔200 μL(3 000個(gè)細(xì)胞),實(shí)驗(yàn)分control組、FAK抑制組和Sphk1抑制組,每組重復(fù)3孔。置于恒溫培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng),培養(yǎng)12 h,細(xì)胞貼壁后,藥物處理。FAK抑制劑PF573228濃度分別為1、10、20和30 μmol/L,處理0 h、24 h、48 h和72 h;Sphk1抑制劑DMS濃度分別為1、5、10和15 μmol/L, 處理0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h,每孔加入MTT 20 μL(5 g/L), 繼續(xù)避光培養(yǎng)4 h,檢測(cè)時(shí)棄上清,加入二甲基亞砜(DMSO)150 μL,避光振蕩 10 min,上酶標(biāo)儀,在490 nm波長(zhǎng)處測(cè)定吸光度(A)值, 以空白試劑組為對(duì)照,計(jì)算細(xì)胞生存率,細(xì)胞生存率(%)=(加藥孔A值/對(duì)照孔A值)×100%,重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)3次。

      2.3Real-time PCR檢測(cè)mRNA的表達(dá)藥物處理細(xì)胞48 h后,用 RNAsio提取細(xì)胞總RNA,并采用分光光度計(jì)檢測(cè)RNA濃度及純度。取1μg總RNA按逆轉(zhuǎn)錄說(shuō)明書(shū)合成cDNA備用。以GAPDH作為內(nèi)參照,每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。GAPDH的上游引物序列為5’-GCACCGTCAAGGCTGAGAAC-3’,下游引物序列為5’-TGGTGAAGACGCCAGTGGA-3’;SphK1的上游引物序列為5’-GGCTTCATTGCTGATGTGGA-3’,下游引物序列為5’-AGGAAGGTGCCCAGAGTGAA-3’;鞘氨醇1-磷酸(sphingosine-1-phosphate)(S1P)的上游引物序列為5’-GGACTTCATGGATCATCCGTTTG-3’,下游引物序列為5’-CCATTTGATCAGCAGGGTTATTCAG-3’;FAK的上游引物序列為5’-CAACCACCTGGGCCAGTATTATC-3’,下游引物序列為5’-CCATAGCAGGCCACATGCTTTA-3’;E-cadherin的上游引物序列為5’-GAGTGCCAACTGGACCATTCAGTA-3’,下游引物序列為5’-AGTCACCCACCTCTAAGGCCATC-3’。數(shù)據(jù)采用相對(duì)雙ΔCt法,按公式2-ΔΔCt行定量分析。

      2.4Western blot法檢測(cè)蛋白的表達(dá)分組處理細(xì)胞繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h后提取總蛋白,BCA法測(cè)蛋白含量。各組取200 μg蛋白上樣,聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳后轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜,用含50 g/L脫脂奶粉配置的牛奶封閉1 h后4 ℃下 I 抗孵育過(guò)夜,次日室溫孵育熒光 II 抗1 h,應(yīng)用Odyssey 3.0儀器掃膜顯影,使用Quantity-one軟件分析灰度值。以GAPDH為內(nèi)參照,蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)強(qiáng)度=目的蛋白A值/內(nèi)參照A值。

      2.5劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞遷移能力分組處理細(xì)胞分別制備成單細(xì)胞懸液,以每孔5×104個(gè)分別接種到6孔板,每組細(xì)胞設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。5% CO2、37 ℃孵育24 h,用高壓消毒過(guò)的200 μL移液器槍頭于6孔板底部劃“一”字痕,PBS沖洗3遍,徹底洗脫劃下細(xì)胞。加入新鮮無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)液分別培養(yǎng)至0 h、24 h和48 h后,在倒置相差顯微鏡觀察劃痕邊緣細(xì)胞遷移情況并拍照,應(yīng)用Photoshop圖像處理軟件分析細(xì)胞遷移程度。

      3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

      應(yīng)用 SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,以上實(shí)驗(yàn)均重復(fù)3次,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(mean±SD)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn)或是單因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),各組間均數(shù)差異采用SNK-q檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      結(jié)果

      1PF573228和DMS對(duì)HCT-116細(xì)胞mRNA表達(dá)的影響

      與對(duì)照組比較,PF573228組和DMS組FAK、 SphK1、S1P和vimentin的mRNA表達(dá)顯著下降(P<0.05),而E-cadherin的mRNA表達(dá)則顯著上調(diào)(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

      表1各組mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量

      Table 1.The relative mRNA expression in human colon cancer HCT116 cells (Mean±SD.n=3)

      NameControlPF573228DMSSphK11.000.21±0.08**0.55±0.10**FAK1.000.16±0.01**0.38±0.03**S1P1.000.08±0.01**0.30±0.06**E-cadherin1.001.56±0.21*2.39±0.30**Vimentin1.000.24±0.08**0.30±0.06**

      *P<0.05,**P<0.01vscontrol group.

      2PF573228和DMS對(duì)HCT-116細(xì)胞存活率的影響

      PF573228和DMS對(duì)HCT-116細(xì)胞存活率均具有抑制作用, 并呈時(shí)間劑量依賴(lài)性,見(jiàn)圖1。

      Figure 1.The effects of PF573228 (A) and DMS (B) on the cell viability. Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05,**P<0.01vscontrol group.

      圖1PF573228和DMS對(duì)HCT-116細(xì)胞生存率的影響

      3FAK、SphK1、MMP2以及EMT相關(guān)蛋白的表達(dá)

      Western blot結(jié)果顯示HCT-116細(xì)胞中存在FAK、SphK1、侵襲相關(guān)蛋白MMP2以及EMT相關(guān)指標(biāo)(N-cadherin、E-cadherin、vimentin)的蛋白表達(dá)基礎(chǔ),與control組比較,DMS抑制SphK1、FAK、N-cadherin、vimentin和MMP2蛋白的表達(dá),而上調(diào)E-cadherin蛋白表達(dá)。PF573228明顯抑制FAK、SphK1、N-cadherin、vimentin和MMP2的表達(dá),但上調(diào)E-cadherin蛋白的表達(dá)(P<0.01),見(jiàn)圖2。

      Figure 2.The effects of PF573228 and DMS on the protein expression of SphK1, FAK, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and MMP2 in colon cancer HCT116 cells. Mean±SD.n=3.**P<0.01vscontrol group.

      圖2PF573228和DMS對(duì)FAK、SphK1、N-cadherin、E-cadherin、vimentin和MMP2蛋白表達(dá)的影響

      4細(xì)胞遷移能力的比較

      如圖3所示,在3組細(xì)胞內(nèi)劃出相同寬度的痕跡,0 h、24 h、48 h后觀察細(xì)胞劃痕處的遷移情況,48 h時(shí)control組細(xì)胞遷移距離為(139.95±13.40)μm,PF573228組為(42.95±12.18)μm,DMS組為(50.09±9.70)μm,可見(jiàn)PF573228和DMS組較對(duì)照組的細(xì)胞遷移速度慢,提示PF573228和DMS能抑制細(xì)胞的遷移能力(P<0.01)。

      討論

      我國(guó)大腸癌發(fā)病率和死亡率位居全部惡性腫瘤的第4位[7]。我國(guó)結(jié)腸癌發(fā)病率呈現(xiàn)逐漸上升趨勢(shì),治療結(jié)腸癌的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)之一是找到觸發(fā)其發(fā)生發(fā)展的始動(dòng)因素,隨著分子靶向治療研究的逐漸深入,越來(lái)越多與腫瘤有關(guān)通路的分子靶向治療的出現(xiàn)使結(jié)腸癌有了新的治療手段。目前,阻斷結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移是治療結(jié)腸癌的的關(guān)鍵。而大量的研究顯示,上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化在腫瘤發(fā)生、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移中扮演了至關(guān)重要的角色[2]。 EMT是指在生理和病理情況下具有極性的上皮細(xì)胞失去極性,黏附能力下降,從而極易脫離周?chē)?xì)胞而發(fā)生遷移和轉(zhuǎn)移,并轉(zhuǎn)化為具有間質(zhì)表型的細(xì)胞過(guò)程[8]。EMT不僅包括細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)的改變,還包括以下標(biāo)志物表達(dá)的改變:上皮細(xì)胞標(biāo)志性蛋白E-cadherin 表達(dá)減少或失表達(dá),間質(zhì)標(biāo)志性物(如N-cadherin、vimentin、fibronectin等)和某些轉(zhuǎn)錄因子(如Twist、Slug、Snail等)表達(dá)上調(diào)[9]。同時(shí),研究顯示發(fā)生EMT的腫瘤細(xì)胞中基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶分泌可增高[10]。研究顯示EMT在促進(jìn)乳腺癌、卵巢癌、結(jié)腸癌、肺癌和肝癌等多種細(xì)胞株的侵襲遷移中發(fā)揮重要作用[11-15]。

      FAK是細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)中一種重要的非受體蛋白酪氨酸激酶,在細(xì)胞骨架重組和調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移中扮演重要的角色。FAK分子氨基端含有同整合素β亞單位、細(xì)胞骨架蛋白和信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)蛋白結(jié)合的位點(diǎn),與整合素等介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)物質(zhì)結(jié)合從而發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)一系列包括細(xì)胞黏附、遷移、骨架重組、增殖等作用。本研究也證實(shí) PF573228抑制FAK的表達(dá)并明顯抑制結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞的活力。此外,Lark等[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),F(xiàn)AK在已發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的結(jié)腸癌組織表達(dá)明顯升高,我們實(shí)驗(yàn)組研究也發(fā)現(xiàn) FAK在結(jié)腸癌組織表達(dá)相比癌旁組織表達(dá)升高,且FAK和p-FAK在癌組織的蛋白水平增高與腫瘤的分化程度、Dukes’分期、淋巴結(jié)及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)[17]。Chen等[5]研究表明姜黃素能抑制S1P、FAK和CD24,上調(diào)E-cadherin的表達(dá)而抑制EMT的發(fā)生。在大腸癌SW480的研究中,敲除FAK基因,并將細(xì)胞移植到裸鼠體內(nèi)成瘤,結(jié)果顯示瘤體明顯減小[18]。本研究使用FAK抑制劑PF573228特異性地抑制FAK活性,而引起間質(zhì)標(biāo)志物N-cadherin 、vimentin的下調(diào),而在侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移中起關(guān)鍵作用的上皮標(biāo)志物E-cadherin表達(dá)增加,表明FAK在調(diào)控結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞EMT中可能發(fā)揮重要作用。

      Figure 3.The effects of PF573228 and DMS on the migration of colon cancer HCT116 cells (×100). Mean±SD.n=3.**P<0.01vscontrol group.

      圖3各實(shí)驗(yàn)組細(xì)胞的遷移情況

      此外,研究表明FAK信號(hào)通路在促進(jìn)MMPs的分泌,尤其是調(diào)節(jié)MMP2和MMP9的分泌中發(fā)揮重要的作用,MMPs是EMT間質(zhì)性標(biāo)志分子,能破壞細(xì)胞外基質(zhì),誘導(dǎo)血管生成,從而引起腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖和浸潤(rùn)[19]。本研究顯示抑制FAK的表達(dá),MMP2的表達(dá)也明顯減弱,表明FAK調(diào)控MMP2可能與結(jié)腸癌EMT密切相關(guān)。

      SphK1是鞘脂代謝平衡的關(guān)鍵酶,通過(guò)激活催S1P,降低神經(jīng)酰胺和鞘氨醇,從而促進(jìn)細(xì)胞存活和增殖。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),過(guò)表達(dá)SphK1能引起非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549細(xì)胞侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移能力明顯增強(qiáng),并且下調(diào)E-cadherin, 而上調(diào)fibronectin和vimentin表達(dá),從而促進(jìn)EMT的發(fā)生[20]。而在肝癌細(xì)胞的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),HepG2細(xì)胞中的SphK1高表達(dá),使用SphK1的抑制劑抑制SphK1時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)FAK的表達(dá)減少,腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移能力減弱,說(shuō)明SphK1可能通過(guò)作用于FAK信號(hào)通路增強(qiáng)了腫瘤遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的能力[21]。但在結(jié)腸癌中,有關(guān)SphK1信號(hào)通路是否參與了EMT發(fā)生的研究甚少。此外,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)激活SphK1活性可上調(diào)FAK及其磷酸化水平,表明SphK1可能通過(guò)調(diào)控FAK通路而引起結(jié)腸癌發(fā)生侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移[22]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)抑制SphK1可致EMT相關(guān)上皮標(biāo)志物E-cadherin表達(dá)增加,F(xiàn)AK及間質(zhì)標(biāo)志物N-cadherin、vimentin等表達(dá)減少或缺失,同時(shí)腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷移能力明顯受到抑制,結(jié)果表明SphK1可能參與了HCT16結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞EMT的發(fā)生,并可能通過(guò)作用于FAK的羧基端而調(diào)控FAK的表達(dá)。然而,研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)抑制FAK同時(shí)SphK1的表達(dá)也受到抑制,表明FAK與SphK1之間可能存在負(fù)反饋調(diào)節(jié)。綜上所述,SphK1和FAK通路可能相互作用共同參與結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化。

      [參考文獻(xiàn)]

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      [3]Golubovskaya VM.Targeting FAK in human cancer: from finding to first clinical trials[J]. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 2014, 19:687-706.

      [4]Garouniatis A,Zizi-Sermpetzoglou A,Rizos S, et al.FAK, CD44v6, c-Met and EGFR in colorectal cancer parameters: tumour progression, metastasis, patient survival and receptor crosstalk[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2013, 28(1):9-18.

      [5]Chen CC,Sureshbabul M,Chen HW, et al.Curcumin suppresses metastasis via Sp-1, FAK inhibition, and E-cadherin upregulation in colorectal cancer[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013, 2013:541695.

      [6]劉詩(shī)權(quán),蘇穎潔,黃杰安,等.鞘氨醇激酶1通過(guò)調(diào)控黏著斑激酶和黏附分子的表達(dá)促進(jìn)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞的增殖和侵襲[J]. 中華腫瘤雜志, 2013, 35(5):331-336.

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      [9]Lander R,Nasr T,Ochoa SD, et al.Interactions between Twist and other core epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors are controlled by GSK3-mediated phosphorylation[J]. Nat Commun, 2013, 4:1542.

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      [12]Chen D,Wang J,Zhang Y, et al.Effect of down-regulated transcriptional repressor ZEB1 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian cancer cells[J]. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2013, 23(8):1357-1366.

      [13]Wang H,Wang HS,Zhou BH, et al.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TNF-alpha requires AKT/GSK-3beta-mediated stabilization of snail in colorectal cancer[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(2):e56664.

      [14]Rhodes LV,Martin EC,Segar HC, et al.Dual regulation by microRNA-200b-3p and microRNA-200b-5p in the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer[J]. Oncotarget, 2015,6(18):16638-16652.

      [15]李航宇,李巖,劉丹,等. 細(xì)胞外HSP70/HSP70-PCs對(duì)人肝癌HepG2細(xì)胞上皮-間充質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響及機(jī)制研究[J]. 中國(guó)病理生理雜志, 2013, 29(9):1631-1636.

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      [17]Liu SQ,Su YJ,Qin MB, et al.Sphingosine kinase 1 promotes tumor progression and confers malignancy phenotypes of colon cancer by regulating the focal adhesion kinase pathway and adhesion molecules[J]. Int J Oncol, 2013, 42(2):617-626.

      [18]Lei K,Ye L,Yang Y, et al.RNA interference-mediated silencing of focal adhesion kinase inhibits growth of human colon carcinoma xenograft in nude mice[J]. J Biomed Nanotechnol, 2010, 6(3):272-278.

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      (責(zé)任編輯: 林白霜, 余小慧)

      Effects of SphK1 and FAK on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer HCT116 cells

      ZHUGE Chun-feng, LIU Shi-quan, TAN Lin, QIN Meng-bin, LIANG Meng-zi, HUANG Jie-an

      (DepartmentofGastroenterology,FirstAffiliatedHospitalofGuangxiMedicalUniversity,Nanning530021,China.E-mail:poempower@163.com)

      [ABSTRACT]AIM: To investigate the effects of sphingosine kinase l (SphK1) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human colon cancer HCT116 cells. METHODS: Human colon cancer HCT116 cells were divided into 3 groups. N, N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS) was used to suppress the activity of SphK1. PF573228 was used to suppress the activation of FAK. The cells treated with equal volume of culture medium severed as control group. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The protein expression of SphK1, FAK and the EMT relative protein E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 was analyzed by Western blot. The mRNA expression of SphK1, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), FAK, E-cadherin and vimentin was detected by real-time PCR. The ability of tumor cell migration was measured by wound-healing assay. RESULTS: The cell viability of HCT116 cells was suppressed by DMS and PF573228 in dose and time dependent manners. DMS significantly suppressed the expression of SphK1, FAK, N-cadherin, vimentin and MMP2, meanwhile enhanced the expression of E-cadherin. PF573228 reduced the expression of FAK , SphK1, N-cadherin, vimentin and MMP2, meanwhile increased the expression of E-cadherin (P<0.01). In addition, the migration ability of HCT116 cells was significantly decreased by treating with DMS and PF573228 (P<0.01). Compared with control group, the mRNA expression of FAK, SphK1, S1P and vimentin was decreased, while the expression of E-cadherin was increased significantly in PF573228 group and DMS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: SphK1 and FAK signaling pathways may play an important role in the occurrence of EMT in the colon cancer HCT116 cells.

      [KEY WORDS]Sphingosine kinase 1; Focal adhesion kinase; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Human colon cancer cells

      doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000- 4718.2016.03.009

      [中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R730.23

      [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A

      通訊作者△Tel: 0771-5356501;E-mail: poempower@163.com

      *[基金項(xiàng)目]國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No.81460380);廣西自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No. 2011GXNSFA018182);廣西衛(wèi)生廳基金資助項(xiàng)目(No. GZKZ10-107)

      [收稿日期]2015- 08- 10[修回日期] 2015- 12- 24

      [文章編號(hào)]1000- 4718(2016)03- 0439- 06

      雜志網(wǎng)址: http://www.cjpp.net

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