2016年高考英語北京卷閱讀理解題解析

劉合良

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項。

A

Dear Alfred，

I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.

Growing up， I had people telling me I was too slow， though， with an IQ of 150 at 17， Im anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD （注意力缺陷多動障礙）. Anxious all the time， I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.

However， when something did interest me， I could become absorbed. In high school， I became curious about the computer， and built my first website. Moreover， I completed the senior course of Computer Basics， plus five relevant pre-college courses.

While I was exploring my curiosity， my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school， but couldnt. So， I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.

Since then， I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently， Im learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper， covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.

Last year， I spent all my time looking for a job where， without dealing with the public， I could work alone， but still have a team to talk to. Luckily， I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession， without going to college， and be just as good as， if not better than， my competitors.

Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time， I feel good about myself because Im doing something， not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.

This is why youre saving my life.

Yours，

Tanis

56. Why didnt Tanis go to college after high school？

A. She had learned enough about computer science.

B. She had more difficulty keeping focused.

C. She preferred taking online courses.

D. She was too slow to learn.

57. As for the working environment， Tains prefers .

A. working by herself B. dealing with the public

C. competing against others D. staying with ADHD students

58. Tanis wrote this letter in order to .

A. explain why she was interested in the computer

B. share the ideas she had for her profession

C. show how grateful she was to the center

D. describe the courses she had taken so far

B

Surviving Hurricane Sandy（颶風桑迪）

Natalie Doan， 14， has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway， New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach， Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house.“Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，”she says.

On October 29， 2012， that ocean turned fierce. That night， Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast， and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately， Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridge closed.

When they returned to Rockaway the next day， they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her， people were suffering， especially the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.

In the following few days， the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.

“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me，”Natalie says.“but I can always choose how I deal with it.”

Natalies choice was to help.

She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick， who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days， Patricks collection was replaced.

In the coming months， her website page helped lots of kids： Christopher， who received a new basketball； Charlie， who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April， she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.

Today， the scars（創(chuàng)痕）of destruction are still seen in Rockaway， but hope is in the air. The streets are clear， and many homes have been rebuilt.“I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back， even stronger than before.”

59. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane， she found .

A. some friends had lost their lives

B. her neighborhood was destroyed

C. her school had moved to Brooklyn

D. the elderly were free from suffering

60. According to paragraph 4， who inspired Natalie most？

A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild

B. The people trapped in high-rise building

C. The volunteers donating money to survivors

D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people

61. How did Natalie help the survivors？

A. She gave her toys to the kids.

B. She took care of younger children.

C. She called on the White House to help.

D. She built an information sharing platform.

62. What does the story intend to tell us？

A. Little people can make a big difference.

B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

C. East or West， home is best.

D. Technology is power.

C

California Condors Shocking Recovery

California condors are North Americas largest birds， with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s， electrical lines and lead poisoning（鉛中毒）nearly drove them to dying out. Now， electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.

In the late 1980s， the last few condors were taken from the wild， and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona， Utah and Baja in Mexico.

Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night， they just dont see the power lines，”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines， resulting in electrocution（電死） if they touch two lines at once.

So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles， placed in large training areas， teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced， 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.

Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead， they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nerve systems and ability to produce baby birds， and can lead to kidney（腎）failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo， where they are treated with calcium EDTA， a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.

Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever， they are vital for now，” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”

63. California condors attract researchers interest because they .

A. are active at night

B. had to be bred in the wild

C. are found on in California

D. almost died out in the 1980s

64. Researchers have found electrical lines are .

A. blocking condors journey home

B. big killers of California condors

C. rest places for condors at night

D. used to keep condors away

65. According to Paragraph 5， lead poisoning .

A. makes condors too nervous to fly

B. has little effect on condors kidneys

C. can hardly be gotten rid of from condors blood

D. makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds

66. The passage shows that .

A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory

B. Rideouts research interest lies in electric engineering

C. the efforts to protect condors have brought good results

D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem

D

“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？”Lindsey whipers to Tori.

With her eyes shining， Tori brags，“You bet I did， Sean told me two days ago.”

Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？ It just happened to be yours truly， Adam Freedman， I can tell you that what they are saying is（a）not nice and（b）not even true. Still， Lindsey and Tori arent very different from most students here at Linton High School， including me. Many of our conversations are gossip（閑話）. I have noticed three effects of gossip： it can hurt people， it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction， and it can cause social pressures in a group.

An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually， gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups， trouble at home， even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is， the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless， but cruel lies can cause pain.

If we know that gossip can be harmful， then why do so many of us do it？ The answer lies in another effect of gossip： the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor（傳言）can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others dont. Similarly， hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the“in group.”In other words， gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority（優(yōu)越感）.

Gossip also can have a third effect： it strengthens unwritten， unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms， this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said， then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The dos and donts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.

The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news， think about why you want to gossip and what effects your“juicy story”might have.

67. The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to .

A. introduce a topic B. present an argument

C. describe the characters D. clarify his writing purpose

68. An important negative effects of gossip is that it .

A. breaks up relationships

B. embarrasses the listener

C. spreads information around

D. causes unpleasant experiences

69. In the authors opinion， many people like to gossip because it .

A. gives them a feeling of pleasure

B. help them to make more friends

C. makes them better at telling stories

D. enables them to meet important people

70. Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can .

A. provide students with written rules

B. help people watch their own behaviors

C. force school to improve student handbooks

D. attract the polices attention to group behaviors

71. What advice does the author give in the passage？

A. Never become a gossiper.

B. Stay away from gossipers.

C. Dont let gossip turn into lies.

D. Think twice before you gossip.

（注：因北京卷D篇太長，不符合全國卷閱讀題，因此此處的D篇換成了2016年浙江閱讀A篇）

答案與解析

（A）本文是一篇感謝信，屬應用文。作者雖然患有ADHD，不能正常讀大學；但通過參加Alfred的網絡課程，作者獲得了知識、工作與自信，因此，寫信表達感激之情！

56. B 推理判斷題。由題干中的題眼why可知此題是要找尋“真正的原因”，所以要聯(lián)系上下文確定符合邏輯的因果關系，不能單單在同一段內找答案。第四段中作者表明“想去讀大學，但不行”，原因就在于第一段中闡述的事實：作者患有ADHD，不能較長時間保持注意力。故選B項。

57. A 細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的題眼working environment可知答案的信息點在第六段，原文working alone與A選項的working by herself進行對比之后，會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們詞匯有不同但意義相同。故選A項。

58. C 寫作目的題。由題干中的題眼in order to可知此題要凝練作者寫信的意圖。因為最后一段中明確寫了“Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart.”。故選C項。

（B）本文是一篇記敘文，記述了在颶風之后，Natalie的家鄉(xiāng)Rockaway被嚴重破壞。很多志愿者來幫助重建家園，受此啟發(fā)，Natalie創(chuàng)建網站，把受災人的信息與救援者相匹配，很多受災人因此得到幫助。

59. B 細節(jié)理解題。 由題干中的題眼returned與found可知信息點在第三段第一行。而且in ruins與destroyed為近義詞。故選B項。

60. A 細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的題眼inpired可知信息點在第四段第一行。原文的the men and women helping Rockaway recover，明確地表達出，啟迪Natalie的人就是幫助重建家園之人。故選A項。

61. D 細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的題眼how與help可知信息點在第六段與第七段。原文所述She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help，意思是她創(chuàng)建了一個網站，把把受災人的信息與救援者相匹配。而D選項的意思是她創(chuàng)建了一個信息共享的平臺，其實與原文的意思相同，表述角度不同而已。故選D項。

62. A 主旨大意題。由題干中的題眼what與intend to tell可知，此題要求考生在掌握全文基本信息的基礎上，凝練出作者的寫作意圖！所以考生必須鳥瞰全局，抓住核心要素：Natalie雖然只有14歲，但通過自己的網站幫助了很多受災人并重建家園。這就與A選項的“小人物也可大貢獻”相吻合！故選A項。

（C）本文是一篇說明文，介紹了導致加利福尼亞禿鷹面臨滅絕的兩大原因：被電線電死與鉛中毒?？茖W家們針對性地采取措施，并取得了良性效果。

63. D 細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的題眼attract researchers可知信息點在第一段，即引起研究者們對禿鷹興趣的原因，就是禿鷹面臨滅絕的境地。故選D項。

64. B 細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的題眼electrical lines可知信息點在第三段，而且原文的kill off與B項中的big killers相吻合。故選B項。

65. D 推理判斷題。由題干中的題眼Paragraph 5可知信息點在第五段，即鉛中毒對禿鷹產生了什么影響。A選項的意思是“令禿鷹太焦慮而不能飛翔”，這是望文生義。B選項的意思是“對禿鷹的腎的影響很小”，這與原文kidney failures相反。C選項的意思是“幾乎無法從禿鷹的血液中清除”，這與原文removes lead from the blood over several days相反。而D選項與原文This affects their ability to produce baby birds意思相近。故選D項。

（D）本文是一篇議論文，論述了“講人閑話”的三個作用：傷害他人、得到滿足感、在群體內產生社交壓力，并得出了“三思而后講閑話”的結論。

66. A 推理判斷題。文章開頭引用了一個對話，目的就是引出本文的話題gossip。故選A項。

67. D 細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的題眼negative effect可知信息點在第四段。原文An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person 明確闡述了講人閑話會傷害到人，即與D選項相吻合。A選項“使人斷絕關系”貌似正確，但原文并未提及。B選項是把原文信息胡亂拼接。C選項并不是負面作用。故選D項。

68. A 細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的題眼like to gossip可知信息點在第五段。原文明確說了講人閑話會給人以滿足感、歸屬感甚至優(yōu)越感，這與A選項“給人快樂”是相吻合的。故選A項。

69. B 細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的題眼Professor David可知信息點在第六段。從原文的gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group和The dos and donts這兩處信息可知，在一個群體內，分享閑話的同時，他們會盡力避開被講閑話的嫌疑行為。也就是說，他們會注意自己的言行舉止，以免被人說閑話；這與B選項恰恰吻合！故選B項。

70. D 主旨大意題。作者論述了“講人閑話”的三個作用，在最后一段點明了自己的結論：但凡想講人閑話之前，要三思！故選D項。

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