彭海清
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從陽虛論治盜汗淺析
彭海清
福建省三明市清流縣中醫(yī)院內(nèi)科(三明 365300)
摘要:目的淺析陽虛盜汗理論的臨床運用。方法首先尋找出從陽虛證論治盜汗的經(jīng)典中醫(yī)理論,從“扶陽”角度獲得對盜汗的治療啟示,然后從臨床診治中舉出兩個案例加以佐證,最后談?wù)勑牡皿w會。結(jié)果中醫(yī)經(jīng)典理論中雖然多將盜汗的病機歸納為陰虛火旺、營血不足,臨床中根據(jù)陰虛盜汗的理論指導盜汗的治療,屢獲顯效,獲益良多,亦不乏其例非溫陽益氣不能治愈者。結(jié)論臨床上陽虛盜汗并不少見,臨證時當審因辨證,細加詳察,視其陰陽屬性,不可拘泥于“盜汗必屬陰虛”一說。
關(guān)鍵詞:陽虛;盜汗;中醫(yī)藥療法
“盜汗”名出自《金匱要略·血痹虛勞病脈證并治》,歷代醫(yī)家多將其病機概括為陰血虧虛、虛火內(nèi)擾、逼津外泄,如《醫(yī)略六書·汗病》指出:“盜汗屬陰虛……因陰氣空虛,睡時衛(wèi)氣乘虛陷入,則表無護衛(wèi)而營中之火獨旺于外,蒸藤汗出;醒則衛(wèi)氣行陽而氣固于表,其汗乃止。多見于虛勞之人。”《醫(yī)學正傳·汗癥》云:“盜汗者,寐中而通身如浴,覺來方知,屬陰虛,營血所主也……,宜補陰降火”[1]。朱丹溪對汗證的病理屬性做了概括,認為盜汗當屬血虛、陰虛[2]?,F(xiàn)代歷版教材亦均將盜汗歸于陰血虛,如周仲英主編的《中醫(yī)內(nèi)科學》中就指出“盜汗多屬陰虛內(nèi)熱”,在“分證論治”中將盜汗辨為“心血不足”和“陰虛火旺”兩型[3]。筆者從醫(yī)20余載根據(jù)先賢陰血虛盜汗的理論用于指導盜汗證的治療,屢獲良效,受益頗多。然依其理而投之臨床效差者亦不在少數(shù)。10余年前曾診一盜汗患者,依陰血虛理論投以當歸六黃湯合歸脾湯加減方,予滋陰、養(yǎng)血、降火、止汗,10數(shù)劑未獲寸功,后認真推敲、詳細辨證,改用右歸飲合桂枝湯加減以溫補腎陽、固表斂汗,5劑后癥狀大減,續(xù)服5劑而愈。
此后,筆者于研讀先賢醫(yī)籍中發(fā)現(xiàn),以陽虛論治盜汗者亦不少見,如《素問》云:“陽者,衛(wèi)外而為固也。”陽虛則衛(wèi)外不利,故睡時汗出,醒后陽氣漸復(fù)則汗止也?!吨T病源候論》認為:“盜汗者,因睡眠而身體流汗也,此由陽虛所致?!鼻宕t(yī)鄭欽安于《醫(yī)理真?zhèn)鳌分性唬骸耙狗帜岁枤鉂摬刂畷r,然而夜分實陰盛之候,陰盛可以逼陽于外,陽浮外亡,血液隨之,故汗之,曰盜汗?!标U述了盜汗發(fā)生是由于陽氣虧耗日久,津液失固,心液不能內(nèi)藏而外泄所致。因此,臨證時若拘泥于舊法,未能細致辨證,而一味滋陰降火、養(yǎng)血斂汗,不去扶陽益氣,則難成其效。而王肯堂在《證治準繩》中指出:“衛(wèi)與陽一體也,陽衰則衛(wèi)虛,所虛之衛(wèi)行陰,當瞑目之時,更無以固其表,故腠理開津液泄而為汗,迨寤則目張,其行陰之氣復(fù)散于表,則汗止矣?!笔置鞔_地闡述了陽虛盜汗的機理[4]。筆者認為盜汗雖多由陰血不足、陰虛火旺所致,但陽氣虧虛亦可出現(xiàn)盜汗,這主要是因為陽氣職司衛(wèi)外,而素體陽虛或久病年老耗傷陽氣之人衛(wèi)外失之護衛(wèi),肌腠疏松、藩籬失固而津液外泄引起盜汗。
案例1:黃某,男,46歲,公務(wù)員,以“反復(fù)夜寐汗出3月余,加劇伴疲乏3天”為訴于2009年1月來診。患者為機關(guān)干部,平素少鍛煉應(yīng)酬多,常年喝啤酒,少則1天6、7瓶,多則20多瓶,既往有“慢性扁桃體炎”,常自服“雙黃連、牛黃解毒片”等,自訴3月余來,晚間寐后汗出,醒后方止,初始汗出不多,以肩頸部為主,僅感覺汗出部位衣服黏乎、晨起頭稍沉、四肢稍冷,曾經(jīng)數(shù)醫(yī)治療(不詳),無明顯好轉(zhuǎn),3天前因年終工作檢查,連續(xù)應(yīng)酬多日,晚間寐后汗出量顯著增多,醒來感覺上半身衣服盡濕,床單、被子皆有明顯汗?jié)n,汗后皮膚濕冷粘手,惡風,乏力,納食減少,夜尿增多。來診時見其面色白,神疲氣短,舌淡胖邊有齒痕、苔薄白,脈沉細。據(jù)其病證及平素生活史,投以桂附理中丸、玉屏風散加減化裁,以溫補脾腎、固表斂汗,方藥:桂枝8 g,黑附片(先煎)15 g,黨參15 g,白術(shù)15 g,炙甘草6 g,黃芪30 g,防風8 g,煅龍骨(包煎)20 g,煅牡蠣(包煎)20 g,紅棗7枚,白芍15 g,浮小麥30 g,水煎服、日1劑,囑其注意休息,忌食啤酒等生冷食品。連服3劑后汗出量大減,其余諸癥亦有明顯減輕,續(xù)服1周僅肩頸部仍有少許汗出,精神如常,余癥已無明顯感覺,去黑附片后再續(xù)服10劑后諸癥盡愈,隨訪半年未發(fā)。
案例2:陳某,女性,56歲,農(nóng)民,以“反復(fù)寐時汗出3年余,加劇1周”為主訴于2010年5月來診?;颊邽檗r(nóng)村婦女,平素勤于耕作,3余年來常在入睡后全身汗出,午休和夜寐無明顯差別,曾服大量滋陰養(yǎng)血斂汗之劑,未明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。近1周癥狀加劇,入睡后周身淋漓,伴肢寒畏冷、神疲乏力,平素納少,易感冒,大便時溏,來診時舌淡苔白,脈沉細。投以桂枝加附子湯加減以溫腎陽、和營衛(wèi),方藥:桂枝8 g,白芍15 g,紅棗7枚,生姜3片,炙甘草6 g,黑附片(先煎)12 g,煅牡蠣(包煎)20 g,浮小麥30 g,煎服5劑,午休時不再發(fā)生盜汗,夜寐時汗出量顯著減少,肢冷轉(zhuǎn)溫。續(xù)服10劑后諸癥盡愈,繼以金匱腎氣丸調(diào)理,隨訪半年未再發(fā)。
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doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8914.2016.09.002
文章編號:1003-8914(2016)-09-1209-02
收稿日期:(本文校對:曾躍龍2015-07-21)
Analysis on Treatment for Night Sweats from Yang Deficiency
PENG Haiqing
(Department of Internal Medicine, Qingliu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, Sanming 365000, China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo make a brief analysis on treatment for night sweats from yang deficiency. MethodFirstly, we found out the classical theory of night sweats caused by yang deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine. From the perspective of “strengthening yang”, treatment enlightenment of night sweats was achieved. Then we selected two cases from the clinical treatment to prove this theory. Finally we discussed the experience on treatment. ResultAlthough the pathogenesis of night sweats usually attribute to yin deficiency and fire hyperactivity and deficiency of blood in many TCM classical theories, according to the theoretical guidance of night sweats caused by yin deficiency in clinical treatment, good therapeutic effect was obtained. Some of these cases were treated by warming yang and reinforcing qi which received good clinical effect. ConclusionNight sweat caused by yang deficiency is not rare in clinical treatment. When in clinical trial, we should follow syndrome differentiation and treatments, depend on the yin and yang, and not constrained by “night sweats will belong to yin deficiency”.
Key words:Yang deficiency; Night sweats; Treatment of TCM