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      從生長(zhǎng)分化因子-5調(diào)控關(guān)節(jié)軟骨形成觀察加味當(dāng)歸四逆湯防治膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎臨床研究

      2016-10-10 03:14:45韋國(guó)雨陳清雄唐永亮李鈺威
      關(guān)鍵詞:亞族計(jì)分骨關(guān)節(jié)炎

      韋國(guó)雨 陳清雄 唐永亮 李鈺威

      (1廣西桂平市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院骨科 桂平537200;2廣東省廣州宏宇生物技術(shù)有限公司 廣州510003)

      從生長(zhǎng)分化因子-5調(diào)控關(guān)節(jié)軟骨形成觀察加味當(dāng)歸四逆湯防治膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎臨床研究

      韋國(guó)雨1陳清雄1唐永亮1李鈺威2

      (1廣西桂平市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院骨科桂平537200;2廣東省廣州宏宇生物技術(shù)有限公司廣州510003)

      目的:通過(guò)觀察治療前后膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者生長(zhǎng)分化因子-5(GDF-5)、血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子(VEGF)及臨床癥狀計(jì)分變化,探討加味當(dāng)歸四逆湯防治膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(KOA)的可能機(jī)制及臨床效用。方法:采用隨機(jī)、對(duì)照設(shè)計(jì),選擇符合診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的KOA患者62例,按就診順序1︰1隨機(jī)分為兩組,每組31例。治療組予加味當(dāng)歸四逆湯,對(duì)照組予仙靈骨葆膠囊,連續(xù)4周。詳細(xì)記錄治療前、治療后2周及4周臨床癥狀計(jì)分變化,應(yīng)用Real-time PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)治療前后GDF-5及VEGF表達(dá)變化。結(jié)果:治療組臨床治愈10例,顯效7例,有效12例,無(wú)效2例,總有效率為93.55%;對(duì)照組臨床治愈6例,顯效5例,有效8例,無(wú)效12例,總有效率為61.29%,治療組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組,P<0.05。治療前,兩組患者臨床癥狀計(jì)分對(duì)比,無(wú)顯著性差異。治療后2、4周,治療組臨床癥狀計(jì)分明顯低于對(duì)照組,P<0.05。治療后,治療組在治療后2周關(guān)節(jié)疼痛明顯緩解,晨僵改善,關(guān)節(jié)功能部分恢復(fù),治療后4周,關(guān)節(jié)疼痛顯著緩解,晨僵及關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)消失。治療前,兩組患者GDF-5、VEGF表達(dá)對(duì)比無(wú)顯著性差異;治療后,兩組患者GDF-5、VEGF表達(dá)上升,且治療組上升更顯著(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:加味當(dāng)歸四逆湯可能通過(guò)上調(diào)GDF-5及VEGF表達(dá),發(fā)揮緩解KOA的效用,值得推廣應(yīng)用。

      膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎;生長(zhǎng)分化因子-5,血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子;當(dāng)歸四逆湯

      膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(Knee Osteoarthritis,KOA)是臨床最為常見(jiàn)的退行性關(guān)節(jié)性疾病,發(fā)病年齡以中、老年人居多,故又稱(chēng)為老年性骨關(guān)節(jié)病。其形成與年齡、外傷、肥胖、遺傳及活動(dòng)過(guò)度有關(guān),具體發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未明確,因此亦缺乏特效的治療手段[1~2]。中醫(yī)學(xué)將本病歸屬于“骨痹”范疇,其病機(jī)以“肝腎虧虛為本,寒濕瘀阻為標(biāo)”,誠(chéng)如《內(nèi)經(jīng)》云“痹之安生?其寒氣勝者為痛痹,濕氣盛者為著痹?!惫P者在中醫(yī)藥理論指導(dǎo)下,應(yīng)用當(dāng)歸四逆湯隨證加減治療KOA,臨床療效顯著,但關(guān)于該方的具體機(jī)制尚未明確。現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),KOA患者其發(fā)病機(jī)制雖然不明,但軟骨發(fā)育異常、損傷及進(jìn)行性消失,細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)釋放增加,骨質(zhì)增生等被認(rèn)為在KOA形成中占據(jù)重要地位[3~4]。生長(zhǎng)分化因子-5(Growth Differentiation Factor-5,GDF-5)有廣泛地促進(jìn)細(xì)胞分化的作用,能促使骨折的修復(fù)、軟骨的生成、修復(fù)韌帶組織,誘導(dǎo)脂肪細(xì)胞來(lái)源的間質(zhì)干細(xì)胞分化成骨、軟骨和肌腱等組織,尤其是GDF-5介導(dǎo)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor,VEGF)在KOA發(fā)生、發(fā)展中占據(jù)重要地位[5~6]。本研究應(yīng)用隨機(jī)、對(duì)照研究設(shè)計(jì),檢測(cè)治療前后患者GDF-5、VEGF表達(dá)變化,探討當(dāng)歸四逆湯防治KOA的臨床療效及其可能機(jī)制。現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下:

      1 臨床資料

      1.1病例來(lái)源62例KOA病例均源自于2015年1~12月在桂平市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院骨科門(mén)診就診患者,其中男22例,女40例;平均年齡(56.27±12.46)歲;病程為(2.31±0.65)年。

      1.2診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)西醫(yī)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照《骨關(guān)節(jié)炎診治指南(2007年版)》[7],中醫(yī)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照《膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎中醫(yī)診療專(zhuān)家共識(shí)意見(jiàn)(2015)》中關(guān)于“寒濕痹阻”證型[8]。

      1.3納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1)符合診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);(2)年齡40~70歲;(3)能理解和簽署知情同意書(shū)者。

      1.4排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (1)膝關(guān)節(jié)間隙顯著狹窄或關(guān)節(jié)間形成骨橋連接而成骨性強(qiáng)直者;(2)本身具有關(guān)節(jié)炎癥表現(xiàn)的疾病,如類(lèi)風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎、強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎、痛風(fēng);并發(fā)癥影響到關(guān)節(jié)者,如炎癥性腸病、代謝性骨病等;(3)合并有骨腫瘤、骨結(jié)核或有明顯急性外傷史而造成半月板損傷、韌帶斷裂及血管神經(jīng)損傷以及有明顯膝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)外翻畸形史患者。

      2 研究方法

      2.1研究設(shè)計(jì)本研究采用隨機(jī)、對(duì)照設(shè)計(jì),選擇符合診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的KOA患者62例,按就診順序1︰1隨機(jī)分為兩組,每組31例。其中隨機(jī)數(shù)字表由簡(jiǎn)明統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件形成,用不透光信封法實(shí)現(xiàn)隨機(jī)隱藏。

      2.2分組給藥治療組:當(dāng)歸四逆湯加減(當(dāng)歸12 g、桂枝12 g、白芍12 g、細(xì)辛3 g、通草6 g、大棗8 g、炙甘草6 g、牛膝12 g、杜仲12 g),采用免煎中藥,每日1劑,分2次服,連續(xù)4周,由江蘇江陰天江藥業(yè)生產(chǎn),購(gòu)自本院藥房。對(duì)照組:仙靈骨葆膠囊(國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字Z20025337),每次3粒,3次/d,連續(xù)4周。

      2.3觀察指標(biāo)

      2.3.1治療前后臨床癥狀計(jì)分變化臨床癥狀以關(guān)節(jié)疼痛、晨僵及關(guān)節(jié)屈伸不利為主要計(jì)分項(xiàng)。其中主要癥狀以關(guān)節(jié)疼痛為主:0分:無(wú)疼痛;2分:疼痛<1 h,未影響到關(guān)節(jié)功能;4分:疼痛明顯,每天發(fā)作>2 h,已影響到關(guān)節(jié)功能;6分:劇痛,難以行走。晨僵:0分:無(wú);1分:晨僵<1 h;2分:晨僵>2 h,活動(dòng)后可減輕;3分:晨僵明顯,活動(dòng)無(wú)法減輕。關(guān)節(jié)屈伸不利:0分:無(wú);1分:關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)輕度受限,活動(dòng)后可減輕;2分:關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)明顯受限;3分:關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)嚴(yán)重受限,影響生活。詳細(xì)記錄治療前及治療后2、4周癥狀計(jì)分變化。

      2.3.2治療前后 GDF-5、VEGF表達(dá)變化應(yīng)用Real-time PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)治療前后KOA患者血清GDF-5、VEGF表達(dá)變化,具體步驟嚴(yán)格按照說(shuō)明進(jìn)行,委托廣州藍(lán)吉生物技術(shù)有限公司完成。見(jiàn)表1。

      表1 人GDF-5、VEGF及GAPDH引物序列

      2.4療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照《國(guó)際骨關(guān)節(jié)炎研究學(xué)會(huì)髖與膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎治療指南》[9],采用主要癥狀療效判定法,即根據(jù)患者膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛緩解情況設(shè)臨床治愈(疼痛基本消失)、顯效(疼痛明顯改善,即治療前后疼痛積分下降2個(gè)維度)、有效(疼痛有所改善,即治療前后疼痛積分下降1個(gè)維度)及無(wú)效(疼痛無(wú)明顯改善)。

      2.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析采用SPSS18.0軟件分析處理數(shù)據(jù)。計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,符合正態(tài)分布,應(yīng)用t檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      3 結(jié)果

      3.1兩組患者總體療效比較治療組臨床治愈10例,顯效7例,有效12例,無(wú)效2例,總有效率為93.55%;對(duì)照組臨床治愈6例,顯效5例,有效8例,無(wú)效12例,總有效率為61.29%,經(jīng)RIDIT分析,R=4.765,P<0.05,治療組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組。

      3.2兩組患者治療前后臨床癥狀計(jì)分變化比較治療前,兩組患者臨床癥狀計(jì)分對(duì)比,無(wú)顯著性差異。治療后2、4周,治療組臨床癥狀計(jì)分明顯低于對(duì)照組,P<0.05。治療后,治療組在治療后2周關(guān)節(jié)疼痛明顯緩解,晨僵改善,關(guān)節(jié)功能部分恢復(fù);治療后4周,關(guān)節(jié)疼痛顯著緩解,晨僵及關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)消失。見(jiàn)表2。

      表2 兩組患者治療前后臨床癥狀計(jì)分變化比較(分,x±s)

      3.3兩組患者治療前后GDF-5、VEGF表達(dá)變化比較治療前,兩組患者GDF-5、VEGF表達(dá)對(duì)比無(wú)顯著性差異;治療后,兩組患者GDF-5、VEGF表達(dá)上升,且治療組上升更顯著(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。

      表3 兩組患者治療前后GDF-5、VEGF表達(dá)變化比較

      表3 兩組患者治療前后GDF-5、VEGF表達(dá)變化比較

      注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05;與對(duì)照組比較,#P<0.05。

      組別 n 時(shí)間 GDF-5 VEGF治療組對(duì)照組31 31治療前治療后治療前治療后0.78±0.09 1.69±0.05*#0.84±0.06 1.03±0.11 0.73±0.12 1.82±0.07*#0.76±0.08 1.12±0.10

      4 討論

      KOA作為危害中老年人生活質(zhì)量發(fā)病率最高的骨關(guān)節(jié)疾病,日益受到學(xué)界重視,現(xiàn)階段對(duì)于KOA治療仍然是以緩解癥狀和改善關(guān)節(jié)功能為主。中醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為本病屬于骨痹范疇,《素問(wèn)·痹論》骨痹者,多源于氣血不足,寒濕之邪傷于骨髓,誠(chéng)所謂“病在骨,骨重不可舉,骨髓酸痛,寒氣至,名曰骨痹。”筆者在中醫(yī)學(xué)指導(dǎo)下,依據(jù)多年臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)骨痹平時(shí)以氣血不足、肝腎虧虛為主,發(fā)時(shí)往往以寒濕浸淫多見(jiàn),應(yīng)用當(dāng)歸四逆湯加減治療KOA,療效明顯。本研究結(jié)果亦發(fā)現(xiàn)治療組療效明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,加味當(dāng)歸四逆湯具有緩解關(guān)節(jié)疼痛、屈伸不利的效用。該方以當(dāng)歸甘溫,養(yǎng)血和血;桂枝辛溫,溫經(jīng)散寒,溫通血脈,為君藥。細(xì)辛溫經(jīng)散寒,助桂枝溫通血脈;白芍養(yǎng)血和營(yíng),助當(dāng)歸補(bǔ)益營(yíng)血,共為臣藥。通草通經(jīng)脈,以暢血行;大棗、甘草,益氣健脾養(yǎng)血,共為佐藥。重用大棗,既合歸、芍以補(bǔ)營(yíng)血,又防桂枝、細(xì)辛燥烈大過(guò),傷及陰血。甘草兼調(diào)藥性而為使藥。佐以牛膝、杜仲補(bǔ)腎壯骨,引經(jīng)下行,全方溫陽(yáng)與散寒并用,養(yǎng)血與通脈兼施,溫而不燥,補(bǔ)而不滯,共奏溫經(jīng)散寒、養(yǎng)血通脈之效。

      GDF-5, 又 稱(chēng) 骨 形 態(tài) 發(fā) 生 蛋 白(Bone Morphogenetic Protein,BMP)14或軟骨衍生蛋白1,作為胚胎發(fā)育、細(xì)胞分化、機(jī)體軟骨形成、骨骼發(fā)育等的重要調(diào)節(jié)因子而倍受重視[10~11]。GDF-5隸屬轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子 β(Transforming Growth Factor-β,TGF-β)家族,TGF-β家族是一類(lèi)具有保守結(jié)構(gòu)的二聚體蛋白,含近30個(gè)分泌信號(hào)分子,已發(fā)現(xiàn)9個(gè)亞族,另有BMP-2亞族、BMP-5亞族、Vg1亞族、BMP-3亞族、中間成員、活性素亞族、TGF-β亞族和“遠(yuǎn)房”成員等,共27類(lèi)因子[12]。GDF-5表達(dá)主要集中在胚胎軟骨間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞聚集區(qū)、長(zhǎng)骨發(fā)育的軟骨核以及即將形成關(guān)節(jié)的區(qū)域。在軟骨發(fā)育初期,GDF-5分泌于肢體骨間質(zhì)區(qū)從而募集軟骨前體細(xì)胞并促進(jìn)其分化,之后GDF-5在即將形成關(guān)節(jié)的區(qū)域表達(dá)[13~14]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),GDF-5在脂肪間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞分化為骨細(xì)胞的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,可能通過(guò)顯著地上調(diào)血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子的基因表達(dá),而刺激骨的形成,提示GDF-5上調(diào)VEGF在骨再生方面的作用是肯定的[15~16]。本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),治療前KOA患者血清GDF-5及VEGF表達(dá)下降,治療后KOA患者血清GDF-5及VEGF表達(dá)上升,該變化與KOA患者癥狀改善其同。

      綜上所述,加味當(dāng)歸四逆湯可能通過(guò)上調(diào)GDF-5及VEGF表達(dá),發(fā)揮緩解KOA的效用。

      [1]Hegedus B,Viharos L,Gervain M,et al.The effect of low-level laser in knee osteoarthritis:a double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled trial[J].Photomed Laser Surg,2009,27(4):577-584

      [2]Xing D,Liang JQ,Li Y,et al.Identification of long noncoding RNA associated with osteoarthritis in humans[J].Orthop Surg,2014,6(4): 288-293

      [3]Xu Y,Dai GJ,Liu Q,et al.Sanmiao formula inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage matrix degradation in a rat model of osteoarthritis[J].Exp Ther Med,2014,8(4):1065-1074

      [4]Long DL,Ulici V,Chubinskaya S,et al.Heparin-binding epidermal growthfactor-likegrowthfactor(HB-EGF)isincreasedin osteoarthritis and regulates chondrocyte catabolic and anabolic activities[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2015,23(9):1523-1531

      [5]Liang W,Gao B,Xu G,et al.Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of asporin(ASPN)and BMP5 with the risk of knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han population[J].Cell Biochem Biophys,2014,70(3):1603-1608

      [6]Bhutia SC,Singh TA,Sherpa ML.Production of a polyclonal antibody against osteogenic protein-1,and its role in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis[J].Singapore Med J,2014,55(7):388-391

      [7]中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)骨科學(xué)分會(huì).骨關(guān)節(jié)炎診治指南(2007年版)[J].中華骨科雜志,2007,27(10):793-797

      [8]中國(guó)中醫(yī)藥研究促進(jìn)會(huì)骨科專(zhuān)業(yè)委員會(huì),中國(guó)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合學(xué)會(huì)骨傷科專(zhuān)業(yè)委員會(huì)關(guān)節(jié)工作委員會(huì).膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎中醫(yī)診療專(zhuān)家共識(shí)意見(jiàn)(2015)[J].中醫(yī)正骨,2015,27(7):4-5

      [9]TanSL,AhmadTS,NgWM,etal.IdentificationofPathways MediatingGrowthDifferentiationFactor5-InducedTenogenic Differentiation in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells[J].PLoS One,2015,10(11):e0140869

      [10]Dyment NA,Breidenbach AP,Schwartz AG,et al.Gdf5 progenitors give rise to fibrocartilage cells that mineralize via hedgehog signaling to form the zonal enthesis[J].Dev Biol,2015,405(1):96-107

      [11]Garciadiego-Cázares D,Aguirre-Sánchez HI,Abarca-Buis RF,et al.Regulation of α5 and αV Integrin Expression by GDF-5 and BMP-7 in Chondrocyte Differentiation and Osteoarthritis[J].PLoS One,2015,10(5):e0127166

      [12]Li YF,Tang XZ,Liang CG,et al.Role of growth differentiation factor-5 and bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor in the development of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration[J].Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2015,8(1):719-726

      [13]Degenkolbe E,Schwarz C,Ott CE,et al.Improved bone defect healing by a superagonistic GDF5 variant derived from a patient with multiple synostoses syndrome[J].Bone,2015,73:111-119

      [14]Murphy MK,Huey DJ,Hu JC,et al.TGF-β1,GDF-5,and BMP-2 stimulation induces chondrogenesis in expanded human articular chondrocytes and marrow-derived stromal cells[J].Stem Cells,2015,33(3):762-773

      [15]Hinoi E,Iezaki T,Ozaki K,et al.Nuclear factor-κB is a common upstream signal for growth differentiation factor-5 expression in brown adipocytes exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines and palmitate[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2014,452(4):974-979

      Clinical Study on Modified Dangguisini Decoction Treated with KOA on Regulating Articular Cartilage Formation by Growth Differentiation Factor-5

      WEI Guo-yu1,CHEN Qing-xiong1,TANG Yong-liang1,LI Yu-wei2
      (1The TCM Hospital in Guiping City,Guiping5372002;2Hongyu Biological Company of Guangzhou,Guangzhou510003)

      Objective:The mechanism and clinical effect of modified Dangguisini decoction treated with knee osteoarthritis was investigated by observing the expression of GDF-5,VEGF and clinical symptom scoring changes.Methods:It was a randomized controlled trial.62 Cases of KOA who conformed to the diagnostic criteria,inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria,and randomly divided into two groups according to 1:1 based on treatment sequence.The intervention group was administrated with modified Dangguisini decoction,and control group was gave Xianlinggubao capsule.The clinical symptom scoring changes in detail were recorded before and after treatment for 2 weeks and 4 weeks.The expression of GDF-5 and VEGF were detected by Real-time PCR before and after the treatment.Results:The total curative effect in intervention group:10 cases were cured,7 cases had marked effect,12 cases were effective and 2 cases were ineffective,the total effective rate was 93.54%.However,the effect rate in Control group:6 cases were clinical cure,5 cases had marked effect,8 cases were effective and 12 cases were ineffective,the total effective rate was 61.29%.There was a significant difference between the two group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in clinical symptoms scoring between two groups.After 2 weeks treatment,the arthralgia and morning stiffness in intervention group were obviously alleviate,the joint function recovered partially.After 4 weeks treatment,joint pain significantly reduced,morning stiffness and joint motion disappeared.By comparing,there were obvious differences(P<0.05).Before the treatment,the expression of GDF-5,VEGF in both groups were lower;but they were the increment after treatment.By comparison,there was statistical difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:Modified Dangguisini decoction exerts a distinct effect on improving symptoms of KOA by enhancing the expression of GDF-5 and VEGF.It is worthy of popularization and application.

      Knee osteoarthritis;GDF-5;VEGF;Modified Dangguisini decoction

      R684.3

      Bdoi:10.13638/j.issn.1671-4040.2016.07.008

      2016-05-12)

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