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      N—乙酰基—絲氨?!扉T冬酰—賴氨?!彼釋?duì)大鼠肝纖維化模型跨膜信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)的影響

      2017-05-31 19:31:19張蕾劉洪福吳雄健
      中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥 2016年35期
      關(guān)鍵詞:羥脯氨酸胞外基質(zhì)磷酸化

      張蕾+劉洪福+吳雄健

      [摘要]目的 觀察N-乙酰基-絲氨酰-天門冬酰-賴氨酰-脯氨酸(AcSDKP)對(duì)膽總管結(jié)扎(BDL)所致大鼠肝纖維化的作用,探討該作用與TGF-β1-Smad2/3及BMP-7-Smad1/5/8信號(hào)通路的關(guān)系。方法 選取30只SD大鼠,隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組、模型組、治療組(AcSDKP),構(gòu)建膽總管結(jié)扎肝纖維化模型,治療組在造模的同時(shí)植入皮下微泵,給予AcSDKP治療;第14天處死大鼠,采用ELISA酶聯(lián)免疫法檢測(cè)透明質(zhì)酸(HA)和Ⅲ型膠原(PC Ⅲ)水平,采用羥脯氨酸(Hyp)測(cè)量法定量分析肝組織中總膠原蛋白的含量,采用Western印跡法檢測(cè)肝組織中轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-β1(TGF-β1)、骨形成發(fā)生蛋白-7(BMP-7)、磷酸化Smad2/3、磷酸化Smad1/5/8蛋白的表達(dá)。結(jié)果 與假手術(shù)組相比,模型組的血清HA、PC Ⅲ水平以及肝組織Hyp含量均明顯升高(P<0.05)。治療組的血清HA、PC Ⅲ水平以及肝組織Hyp含量均較模型組顯著下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。模型組的肝組織內(nèi)TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3表達(dá)均高于假手術(shù)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療組的TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3表達(dá)低于模型組,BMP-7、磷酸化Smad1/5/8表達(dá)高于模型組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 AcSDKP具有抑制大鼠BDL肝纖維化的作用,該作用可能與抑制TGF-β1通路,并激活BMP-7通路有關(guān)。

      [關(guān)鍵詞]N-乙?;?絲氨酰-天門冬酰-賴氨酰-脯氨酸;TGF-β1;BMP-7;肝纖維化

      [中圖分類號(hào)] R-332 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2016)12(b)-0004-04

      Influence of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline on transmembrane signal transduction of rat liver fibrosis model

      ZHANG Lei1 LIU Hong-fu2 WU Xiong-jian1

      1.Department of Gastroenterology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College,Ganzhou 341000,China;2.Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College,Ganzhou 341000,China

      [Abstract]Objective To observe the effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) on rat liver fibrosis due to bile duct ligation (BDL),and to explore the relationship between this effect and TGF-β1-Smad2/3 and BMP-7- Smad1/5/8 signal channels.Methods 30 SD rats were selected and randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group and the treatment group (AcSDKP),BDL liver fibrosis model was built.when making model of the treatment group,subcutaneous micropump was implanted to provide AcSDKP treatment.On the 14th day,the rats were killed,then ELISA Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were adopted to detect the hyaluronic acid (HA) and Collagen Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ) level,hydroxyproline (Hyp) measurement method was adopted to analyze the content of total collagen in hepatic tissue in a quantitative manner.Western blotting was adopted to detect the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7),phosphorylation Smad2/3 and phosphorylation Smad1/5/8 protein in hepatic tissue.Results Compared with the sham operation group,the serum levels of HA,PC Ⅲ,and content of Hyp in hepatic tissue in the model group were increased (P<0.05).The serum levels of HA,PC Ⅲ,and content of Hyp in hepatic tissue in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the model group,with significant difference (P<0.01).The expression of TGF-β1,phosphorylation Smad2/3 in the model group was higher than that in the sham operation group,with significant difference (P<0.05).The expression of TGF-β1,phosphorylation Smad2/3 in the treatment group was lower than that in the model group,the expression of BMP-7 phosphorylation Smad1/5/8 in the treatment group was higher than that in the model group,with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion AcSDKP has the effect of inhibiting BDL liver fibrosis in rats,which may be related to the inhibition of TGF- beta 1 pathway and activation of BMP-7 pathway.

      [Key words]N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline;Transforming growth factor-beta 1;Bone morphogenetic protein-7;Liver fibrosis

      N-乙酰基-絲氨酰-天門冬酰-賴氨酰-脯氨酸(N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline,AcSDKP)是天然存在于體內(nèi)的乙酰化四肽[1]。近年來的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AcSDKP對(duì)肝損傷修復(fù)及肝內(nèi)細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)沉積具有重要調(diào)控作用;體外實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)AcSDKP參與調(diào)控肝星狀細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為[2];在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中亦發(fā)現(xiàn),AcSDKP具有抗肝纖維化作用[3-4]。本研究通過觀察AcSDKP對(duì)大鼠膽總管結(jié)扎(BDL)肝纖維化模型的影響以及此過程中轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-β1(TGF-β1)、骨形成發(fā)生蛋白-7(BMP-7)及其下游Smad信號(hào)蛋白表達(dá)的變化,旨在進(jìn)一步了解AcSDKP的抗肝纖維化機(jī)制。

      1材料與方法

      1.1動(dòng)物和試劑

      清潔級(jí)同系成年雄性SD大鼠30只,體重200~250 g/只,購自贛南醫(yī)學(xué)院科研中心;AcSDKP購自Bachem公司,產(chǎn)品批號(hào)為40163480025,純度為99.35%;HA、PC Ⅲ試劑盒購自上海森雄科技有限公司;羥脯氨酸含量測(cè)定采用的試劑盒購自南京建成生物技術(shù)有限公司。

      1.2動(dòng)物分組

      將雄性 SD大鼠隨機(jī)分為 3組,其中假手術(shù)組 10只,模型組 10只,治療組(AcSDKP)10只,無菌飼料喂養(yǎng),晝夜交替照明。①假手術(shù)組:對(duì)大鼠腹部皮膚進(jìn)行常規(guī)無菌操作,沿腹正中線剪開,游離膽總管不結(jié)扎,然后關(guān)腹。②模型組:無菌操作、開腹,將膽總管遠(yuǎn)端、近端結(jié)扎,關(guān)腹。③治療組:造模方法同模型組,在造模的同時(shí)背部皮下植入微泵,并按每天 800 μg/kg給予AcSDKP治療,治療2周,末次注射24 h后處死。從大鼠腹主動(dòng)脈取血 6 ml/只,分離血清后用于HA、PC Ⅲ測(cè)定。取肝臟左葉相同部位組織,經(jīng)液氮快速冷凍并置-80℃冰箱內(nèi)保存,用于Hyp、免疫印跡法測(cè)定。

      1.3方法

      1.3.1 HA、PC Ⅲ檢測(cè) 采用放射免疫分析法(RIA),操作步驟嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。

      1.3.2羥脯氨酸含量的測(cè)定 采用堿水解法檢測(cè)肝組織中的羥脯氨酸含量,按羥脯氨酸測(cè)試盒說明書進(jìn)行操作。羥脯氨酸含量計(jì)算公式為:羥脯氨酸(μg/mg)=[(測(cè)定管吸光值-空白管吸光值)/(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管吸光值-空白管吸光值)]×標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管含量(μg/mg)×[水解液總體(10 ml)/組織量(mg)]。

      1.3.3 TGF-β1、BMP-7、磷酸化Smad2/3、磷酸化Smad1/5/8的免疫印跡法檢測(cè) 取大鼠肝左葉100 mg放入勻漿管剪碎,蛋白裂解液裂解、離心,吸取上清并分裝-20℃保存。采用BCA法測(cè)定蛋白含量,取90 μg每孔進(jìn)行電泳,并轉(zhuǎn)膜,TGF-β1二抗室溫中孵育1 h,利用Bio-Rad凝膠成像系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行曝光成像;采用Bio-Rad公司的Image Lab 2.0軟件對(duì)特異條帶進(jìn)行灰度值掃描,并進(jìn)行相對(duì)定量分析。結(jié)果至少重復(fù)1次。

      1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

      通過Excel建庫,采用SPSS 12.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,各組間采用單因素方差分析進(jìn)行計(jì)量資料的比較,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2結(jié)果

      2.1各組血清HA、PC Ⅲ水平與肝組織Hyp含量的比較

      與假手術(shù)組相比,模型組的血清HA、PC Ⅲ水平以及肝組織Hyp含量均明顯升高(P<0.05)。治療組的血清HA、PC Ⅲ水平以及肝組織Hyp含量均較模型組顯著下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)(表1)。

      2.2各組肝組織TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3、BMP-7蛋白、磷酸化Smad1/5/8表達(dá)的比較

      模型組的肝組織內(nèi)TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3表達(dá)均高于假手術(shù)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療組的TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3表達(dá)低于模型組,BMP-7、磷酸化Smad1/5/8表達(dá)高于模型組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表2)。

      3討論

      AcSDKP是天然存在于哺乳動(dòng)物體液中的乙?;碾?,體內(nèi)半衰期短,僅有4.5 min[5],最早是作為造血系統(tǒng)的一種生理性生長(zhǎng)抑制因子而被發(fā)現(xiàn)[5]。近年來在心、肺、腎研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),維持生理水平的AcSDKP對(duì)防治組織器官細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(extracellular matrix,ECM)的過度沉積至關(guān)重要[6-7]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),持續(xù)注射外源性AcSDKP能有效抑制高血壓模型、心臟缺血/再灌注模型、硅沉著病模型、高血壓腎損害模型和糖尿病腎損害模型的靶器官纖維化[7-12]。

      研究還顯示,AcSDKP抗纖維化作用與抑制肥大細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞等炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)[13],抑制產(chǎn)纖維細(xì)胞增殖和膠原合成有關(guān)[14]。更為重要的是,AcSDKP能抑制TGF-β1的產(chǎn)纖維化效應(yīng)[15-17]。肝纖維化與心、腎纖維化的發(fā)生機(jī)制存在共性,AcSDKP的上述生理作用對(duì)包括肝臟在內(nèi)的眾多器官纖維化的防治均極為重要。劉博偉等[2]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AcSDKP在體外可以抑制肝星狀細(xì)胞(hepatic stellate cell,HSC)合成和分泌細(xì)胞外基質(zhì),同時(shí)能抑制TGF-β1介導(dǎo)的促活化肝星狀細(xì)胞合成和分泌細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)作用,提示AcSDKP可能通過抑制肝星狀細(xì)胞功能在抑制肝臟細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)過度沉積中起重要作用。

      本研究進(jìn)一步探討了AcSDKP在防治實(shí)驗(yàn)性肝纖維化中的作用和機(jī)制。肝纖維化時(shí)肝內(nèi)主要增加的成分是膠原纖維,Hyp在膠原蛋白中占 13.4%,在其他蛋白中含量極少;PC Ⅲ型是Ⅲ型前膠原分泌到細(xì)胞外后被蛋白酶切下的 N 端肽;HA反映 ECM 沉積;三者水平與組織學(xué)改變密切相關(guān),能夠反映肝纖維化發(fā)生、發(fā)展的動(dòng)態(tài)過程[18-19]。實(shí)驗(yàn)開始即給予持續(xù)性外源性泵入AcSDKP,結(jié)果顯示,假手術(shù)組、模型組、治療組三者的血清學(xué)HA、PC Ⅲ水平、肝組織Hyp均有顯著差異(P<0.01),治療組上述三者水平較模型組顯著減少,提示AcSDKP對(duì)于實(shí)驗(yàn)性肝纖維化具有一定的防治作用。

      TGF-β1是介導(dǎo)肝損傷及纖維化的最關(guān)鍵的細(xì)胞因子,TGF-β1通過TGF-β1/Smad信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路調(diào)節(jié)ECM基因的表達(dá),促進(jìn)其過量形成并沉積于肝細(xì)胞,導(dǎo)致肝纖維化的發(fā)生[20]。最新的研究顯示,BMP-7抑制纖維化的細(xì)胞因子,具有拮抗TGF-β1的促纖維化作用[21];磷酸化Smad2/3、磷酸化Smad1/5/8信號(hào)分別是TGF-β1、BMP-7跨膜信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)的主要信號(hào)分子。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過Western印跡法檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),在假手術(shù)組中,TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3的表達(dá)水平較低,而在肝纖維化模型組中,表達(dá)明顯升高;持續(xù)給予外源性AcSDKP注射,TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad2/3的表達(dá)水平較模型組減少,BMP-7和磷酸化Smad1/5/8表達(dá)水平顯著增加(P<0.05),兩者成負(fù)相關(guān),這與目前研究認(rèn)為的BMP-7與TGF-β1可能是通過信號(hào)途徑相互影響相符;但兩信號(hào)通路中還包含其他受體及相關(guān)因子,有待進(jìn)一步深入研究以更加全面地了解AcSDKP抗肝纖維化的作用機(jī)制。

      本研究通過觀察AcSDKP對(duì)BDL大鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)性肝纖維化的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)AcSDKP具有一定的預(yù)防和治療肝纖維化的作用,其機(jī)制可能與激活BMP-7信號(hào)并抑制TGF-β1信號(hào)通路有關(guān)。細(xì)胞學(xué)研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)AcSDKP能抑制HSC活化及活化HSC增殖和分泌ECM,結(jié)合本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,有理由認(rèn)為AcSDKP有可能被開發(fā)成為臨床防治肝纖維化的藥物。

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