康曉麗++丁文宇++張勇++趙珂++王志斌++王堯++郭振奎
DOI:10.16658/j.cnki.1672-4062.2017.05.005
[摘要] 目的 通過(guò)對(duì)3個(gè)疑為MODY3的早發(fā)糖尿病家系成員HNF1α基因分子篩查,探討該基因分子缺陷是否為其主要發(fā)病因素。方法 抽取家系成員外周血,應(yīng)用聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)技術(shù)對(duì)HNF1ɑ基因全部外顯子及外顯子內(nèi)含子拼接區(qū)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,PCR產(chǎn)物直接測(cè)序,測(cè)序結(jié)果與NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中標(biāo)準(zhǔn)序列比對(duì)分析。結(jié)果 發(fā)現(xiàn)3個(gè)編碼區(qū)錯(cuò)義突變:R272S、I27L、S487N,2個(gè)同義突變:I17L、L459L,6個(gè)非編碼區(qū)堿基改變:IVS1+91A>G、IVS5+9C>G、IVS7+7G>A、IVS8-24T>C、IVS9+197G>T、IVS9+438G>A。R272S在F1家系中的分布與糖尿病的發(fā)生共分離;除R272S外的其他堿基改變均為多態(tài)性改變,且和糖尿病的發(fā)生無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性。結(jié)論 該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)10個(gè)多態(tài)性位點(diǎn); R272S突變?cè)贔1家系中與糖尿病的發(fā)生共分離,初步判斷該家系是由突變R272S導(dǎo)致的MODY3家系。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 青少年的成人起病型糖尿?。∕ODY);HNF1α;R272S;突變;多態(tài)性
[中圖分類號(hào)] R587 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1672-4062(2017)03(a)-0005-03
Research on Screening of 3 Familial Early-onset Diabetes Pedigrees HNF1α Genes
KANG Xiao-li1,2, DING Wen-yu2, ZHANG Yong2, ZHAO Ke2, WANG Zhi-bin2, WANG Yao2, GUO Zhen-kui2
1.College of Medicine and Life Science of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences of Jinan University,Jinan,Shandong Province, 250000 China;2.Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Shandong Province,Jinan,Shandong Province, 250000 China
[Abstract] Objective To screen 3 familial early-onset diabetes pedigrees HNF1α genes and study whether the gene molecule defect is the major pathogenic factor. Methods The peripheral blood of families was extracted and the all exons and exon and intron split joint center were expanded by the polymerase chain reaction, and the PCR products sequence results and standardized sequence in NCBI database were compared and analyzed. Results 3 code area missense mutations were found: R272S,I27L,S487N, 2 samesense mutations: I17L and L459L, 6 noncoding region basic group changes: IVS1+91A>G, IVS5+9C>G, IVS7+7G>A, IVS8-24T>C, IVS9+197G>T, IVS9+438G>A, and there was a coseparation distribution of R272S in the F1 family and occurrence of diabetes, and other basic group changes were polymorphisms changes in addition to R272S, and there was no obvious correlation with the occurrence of diabetes. Conclusion The research shows that there ae 10 polymorphic sites, and R272S mutation has a coseparation with the occurrence of diabetes, and we can initially determine that the family is the MODY3 family caused by R272S mutation.
[Key words] MODY; HNF1α; R272S; Mutation; Polymorphism
青少年起病的成人型糖尿病3型(MODY3)由HNF1α基因突變所致,該基因定位在12q24.2,在肝臟、腎臟、腸、β細(xì)胞中均有表達(dá),是調(diào)控胰島素分泌的關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,至今已發(fā)現(xiàn)了近200種HNF 1α基因突變[1]。該研究對(duì)3個(gè)家系共26例樣本的HNF1α外顯子及拼接區(qū)進(jìn)行直接測(cè)序,探索其堿基改變與糖尿病發(fā)生的關(guān)系,以期能發(fā)現(xiàn)新的MODY3基因致病位點(diǎn)。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 對(duì)象
選取3個(gè)疑為MODY3的早發(fā)糖尿病家系,分別用F1、F2、F3來(lái)表示,先證者均為就診于山東內(nèi)分泌與代謝病醫(yī)院的糖尿病患者,均為山東地區(qū)漢族居民,共有特點(diǎn):①發(fā)病年齡小于45歲;②家族中至少兩代為糖尿病患者;③病初服用磺脲類藥物治療效果較好;④胰島細(xì)胞抗體和谷氨酸脫梭酶抗體陰性;⑤BMI多正常。
現(xiàn)收集F1家系15例、F2家系7例、F3家系4例的外周血進(jìn)行該基因研究。其中包括F1家系中糖耐量異常者2例(Ⅰ1、Ⅲ6)。(各家系成員血樣采集情況及發(fā)病情況見(jiàn)圖1、2、3)選擇無(wú)親緣關(guān)系的健康人16名作為對(duì)照,男性8名,女性8名,無(wú)糖尿病家族史,平均年齡(40.12±19.37)歲,體重指數(shù)(23.60±3.97)kg/m2。
1.2 方法
經(jīng)倫理委員會(huì)及患者知情同意后,提取3個(gè)家系中26例成員的外周血DNA,PCR擴(kuò)增HNF1α基因全部外顯子及外顯子與內(nèi)含子拼接區(qū)。將檢測(cè)出目的片段的未純化PCR產(chǎn)物送到華大基因直接測(cè)序。
2 結(jié)果
該研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)3個(gè)編碼區(qū)錯(cuò)義突變:R272S、I27L、S487N,2個(gè)同義突變:I17L、L459L,6個(gè)非編碼區(qū)堿基改變:IVS1+91A>G、IVS5+9C>G、IVS7+7G>A、IVS8-24T>C、IVS9+197G>T、IVS9+438G>A。上述堿基改變均于F1家系中發(fā)現(xiàn),并且R272S、IVS5+9C>G、IVS8-24T>C、IVS9+197G>T、IVS9+438G>A只出現(xiàn)于該家系中;其他4種編碼區(qū)堿基改變及2種非編碼區(qū)堿基改變均于3個(gè)家系及健康對(duì)照組檢出。F1家系中糖代謝異常的9名成員均攜帶HNF1α基因4號(hào)外顯子雜合突變c.814C>A,該突變位點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致第272位氨基酸由精氨酸突變?yōu)榻z氨酸(R272S,突變測(cè)序圖見(jiàn)圖4),其中除R272S外的其他堿基改變均可在NCBI中查到相關(guān)SNP信息,且和糖尿病的發(fā)生無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性,而錯(cuò)義突變R272S在F1家系中與糖尿病的發(fā)生共分離(測(cè)序成員攜帶的編碼區(qū)突變見(jiàn)圖1、2、3)。
3 討論
該研究結(jié)果顯示R272S突變?cè)贔1家系中與糖尿病的發(fā)生共分離。該突變位于HNF1α基因的DNA結(jié)合區(qū),該區(qū)的基因突變可導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)錄因子與靶基因結(jié)合異常,影響靶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄。而它的靶基因包括胰島素分泌相關(guān)的基因和糖代謝相關(guān)的基因等。R272S在國(guó)外的文獻(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)過(guò)[2],但未對(duì)其做出功能分析,國(guó)內(nèi)尚未見(jiàn)該位點(diǎn)的報(bào)道。Prabi預(yù)測(cè)網(wǎng)站分析顯示該突變致使其二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)由α螺旋變?yōu)椴灰?guī)則卷曲及延伸鏈,這種改變極有可能形成新的活性位點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致蛋白功能改變。另外,應(yīng)用蛋白功能預(yù)測(cè)網(wǎng)站都顯示R272S突變有較強(qiáng)的致病性。
該研究尚發(fā)現(xiàn)4種編碼區(qū)突變,即I27L、S487N、I17L、L459L,這4種多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)已在印度[3]、泰國(guó)[4]、墨西哥[5]、歐洲[6]也有所報(bào)道。Holmkvist等[7]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)I27L、S487N與口服葡萄糖后胰島素分泌的減少有關(guān),而Urhammer等[8]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)I27L、S487N兩種多態(tài)性胰島素分泌無(wú)相關(guān)性。在該研究中,未發(fā)現(xiàn)這4種編碼區(qū)突變與糖尿病相關(guān)的證據(jù),并且在健康對(duì)照組中亦有較高的檢出率,分別為0.69、0.69、0.875、0.875。
綜上,該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)10種多態(tài)性位點(diǎn);R272S在F1家系中與糖尿病的發(fā)生共分離,初步判斷HNF1α為該家系糖尿病發(fā)生的致病基因。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] S. Ellard,K. Colclough, Mutations in the genes encoding the transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1A) and 4 alpha (HNF4A) in maturity onset diabetes of the young[J].Hum Mutat, 2006,27(9):854-869.
[2] Bellanne-Chantelot C, Carette C, Riveline J P, et al. The type and the position of HNF1A mutation modulate age at diagnosis of diabetes in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3)[J]. Diabetes,2008,57(2):503-508.
[3] Radha V, EK J, Anuradha S, et al. Identification of novel variants in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α gene in South India patients with maturity onset diabetes of young[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2009,94(6):1959-1965.
[4] Plengvidhya N, Boonyasrisawat W, Chongjaroen N, et al. Mutations of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus[J].Clin Endocrinol,2009,70(6):847-835.
[5] Doningue-Lopez A, Miliar-Gareia A, Segura-Kato Y X, et al. Mutations in MODY genes are not common cause of early-onset type2 diabetes in Mexican families[J].JOP,2005,6(3):238-245.
[6] Yamagota K, Oda N, Kaisaki P J, et al. Mutations in the hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha gene in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3)[J]. Nature,1996,384(6608):455-458.
[7] Holmkvist J,Cervin C,Lyssenko V,et al.Common variants in HNF1alpha and risk of type2 diabetes[J].Diabetologia,2006,49(12):2882-2891.
[8] Urhammer S A, Moller A M, Nyholm B, et al. The effect of two frequent amino acid variants of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha gene on estimates of the pancreatic beta-cell function in Caucasian glucose-tolerant first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1998, 83(11):3992-3995.
(收稿日期:2016-12-02)