張友來++王曉++鄧如非++賴青鴻++辛國華
摘要:目的 初步探討粉防己堿在減輕深Ⅱ°燒傷創(chuàng)面早期加深中的效果。方法 選健康新西蘭大白兔20只,體重(2.50±0.30)kg,采用銅梳燙傷法在其背腹部兩側(cè)進(jìn)行深Ⅱ°燒傷動(dòng)物造模,共4處,將4處創(chuàng)面隨時(shí)分為4組,每組20個(gè)部位,分別對(duì)4組創(chuàng)面給予5、25、50 g/L的粉防己堿與面霜基質(zhì)(對(duì)照)外用,換藥1次/d,每日觀察創(chuàng)面變化并拍照計(jì)算間隙正常皮膚的寬度,3 d后處死動(dòng)物并取創(chuàng)面組織行病理組織學(xué)檢查,統(tǒng)計(jì)Ⅲ°創(chuàng)面?zhèn)€數(shù),并對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)、分析。結(jié)果 對(duì)照組傷后24 h間隙區(qū)可見大量瘀斑,部分區(qū)域壞死,48 h壞死面積增大,72 h進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,部分與燒傷區(qū)域融合。實(shí)驗(yàn)組大致無明顯差異,傷后24 h間隙區(qū)可見少量瘀斑,48 h時(shí)瘀滯區(qū)局部壞死,72 h時(shí)較前局部擴(kuò)大,未見與燒傷區(qū)域融合情況發(fā)生。與對(duì)照組相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)各組均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),在實(shí)驗(yàn)組內(nèi),72 h時(shí)5 g/L組健康創(chuàng)面面積(39.67±4.29)mm2明顯低于25 g/L組的(48.52±1.27)mm2(P<0.05)。而72 h加深的創(chuàng)面中25g/L明顯低于5 g/L與對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 小劑量粉防己堿一定程度上能減輕深Ⅱ°燒傷創(chuàng)面早期加深。
關(guān)鍵詞:深Ⅱ°燒傷;創(chuàng)面加深;粉防己堿
中圖分類號(hào):R644 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2017)19-0056-03
Preliminary Experimental Study on the Effect of Tetrandrine on Deepening Deep Ⅱ° Burn Wounds
ZHANG You-lai,WANG Xiao,DENG Ru-fei,LAI Qing-hong,XIN Guo-hua
(Department of Burns,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330006,Jiangxi,China)
Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of tetrandrine on the deepening of deep Ⅱ° burn wounds.Methods 20 healthy New Zealand white rabbits, weight(2.50±0.30)kg,using copper comb burn method at the back of the abdomen on both sides of deep second degree burn animal model,a total of 4,4 wounds were divided into 4 groups at any time,20 parts of each group,4 groups of wounds were given 5,25,50g/L powder of tetrandrine and cream matrix(control)external use,change dressings 1 times/d,observe the wound changes every day,and take pictures to calculate the width of the normal skin of the gap,3 d after the death of animal and wound tissues were obtained for pathological examination,the statistical number of third Ⅲ° wounds,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results In the control group,24 h after injury in the gap area shows a large number of ecchymosis,necrosis in some areas,necrotic area increased at 48 h,enlarged at 72 h,and partially fused with burn area.There was no significant difference in the experimental group,and a small amount of ecchymosis was observed at 24 h after injury.The local necrosis of the stasis area at 48 h was enlarged at 72 h,and there was no fusion with the burned area.Compared with the control group,the experimental area was statistically significant (P<0.05).In the experimental group,the healthy wound area(39.67±4.29)mm2 in the 5 g/L group was significantly lower than that in the 25 g/L group (48.52±1.27)mm2(P<0.05)at 72 h.The 25g/L in 72 h deepened wound was significantly lower than that in 5 g/L and control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Low dose of tetrandrine can alleviate the deepening of deep Ⅱ° burn wounds.endprint
Key words:Deep Ⅱ°burns;Wound deepened;Tetrandrine
創(chuàng)面修復(fù)是燒傷治療的永恒主題[1]。燒傷深Ⅱ°創(chuàng)面在早期治療過程中普遍存在進(jìn)行性加深現(xiàn)象[2-3],創(chuàng)面加深不僅使創(chuàng)面修復(fù)時(shí)間延長、愈合后瘢痕形成機(jī)率增加,而且也是導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重?zé)齻颊咚劳龅闹匾蛑?。如何早期防止深Ⅱ°?chuàng)面加深是燒傷治療過程中必須重視、但也是目前有待進(jìn)一步深入研究解決的難題[4]。本研究擬通過動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究初步探討粉防己堿在減輕深Ⅱ°燒傷創(chuàng)面早期加深中的效果。
1 材料與方法
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的選擇
選健康新西蘭大白兔20只,由南昌大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院動(dòng)科部提供,雌雄不限,體重(2.50±0.30)kg。
1.2建模方法
實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物大白兔實(shí)驗(yàn)前給予適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)1 d,行背部脫毛等準(zhǔn)備后采用以Regas FC和Ehrlich HP[5]發(fā)明的銅梳狀燙傷法致傷,銅梳燙傷器由3個(gè)突出的梳齒組成,形成燙傷創(chuàng)面。梳齒間為2個(gè)凹型間隙(正常間隙10 mm×5 mm),燙傷時(shí)不接觸皮膚形成的區(qū)域稱為間隙區(qū)。間隙區(qū)在以往文獻(xiàn)中用來代表瘀滯區(qū)(zone of stasis)或缺血區(qū)(zone of ischemia)。按動(dòng)物體重給予40 mg/kg的1%戊巴比妥鈉腹腔注射麻醉,固定于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)上,將自制的銅梳燙傷器浸沒于預(yù)先燒開的沸水(測(cè)水溫為100 ℃)中,均勻加熱5 min,沾干。先后置于大鼠背部中線兩側(cè)旁開0.5 cm處皮膚,不施加任何壓力,按計(jì)劃保持其與皮膚相應(yīng)的接觸時(shí)間(15 s)。由此背部兩側(cè)各制得4個(gè)燙傷創(chuàng)面和它們之間8個(gè)未燙傷的間隙區(qū)。經(jīng)病理組織學(xué)檢查確定燒傷創(chuàng)面深度、后續(xù)鑒別創(chuàng)面未加深與加深均經(jīng)病理組織學(xué)檢查。
1.3分組、實(shí)驗(yàn)與觀察指標(biāo)
將4個(gè)創(chuàng)面隨時(shí)分為4組,每組20個(gè)部位,分別對(duì)4組給予5、25、50 g/L的粉防己堿、面霜基質(zhì)(對(duì)照)外用,換藥1次/d,并觀察傷后24 h、48 h與72 h創(chuàng)面情況大體瘀滯區(qū)面積,有無發(fā)生出血點(diǎn)或瘀斑等,如有,則視為壞死。數(shù)碼照相機(jī)距離創(chuàng)面20 cm垂直拍片保存,創(chuàng)面旁放置鋼尺作為參照,后用Image pro 5.0圖像分析軟件,檢測(cè)瘀滯區(qū)面積變化。傷后72 h處死大白兔并用手術(shù)刀切取創(chuàng)面組織行病理組織學(xué)檢查,統(tǒng)計(jì)創(chuàng)面深度加深的創(chuàng)面?zhèn)€數(shù)。
1.4數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包處理,計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn)比較兩組之間的差異。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1大體與組織學(xué)觀察
對(duì)照組傷后24 h間隙區(qū)可見大量瘀斑,部分區(qū)域壞死,48 h時(shí)壞死面積增大、72 h壞死范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,部分與燒傷區(qū)域融合。實(shí)驗(yàn)組大致無明顯差異,傷后24 h間隙區(qū)可見少量瘀斑,48 h時(shí)瘀滯區(qū)局部壞死、72 h時(shí)較前局部擴(kuò)大,未見與燒傷區(qū)域融合情況發(fā)生。組織上模型建立后皮膚表皮壞死,部分脫落,真皮膠原發(fā)生變性,皮膚附屬器官大部分壞死,見圖1。對(duì)照組3 d后更多呈現(xiàn)Ⅲ°改變,見圖2。
2.2各組創(chuàng)面皮膚變化的對(duì)比
與對(duì)照組相比較,實(shí)驗(yàn)各組均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),在實(shí)驗(yàn)組內(nèi),72 h時(shí)5 g/L組面積(39.67±4.29)mm2明顯低于25 g/L組(48.52±1.27)mm2(P<0.05)。而72 h加深的創(chuàng)面中25 g/L明顯低于5 g/L與對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見表1、2。
3討論
防止或減輕早期的創(chuàng)面加深,對(duì)于提高特重度燒傷患者救治成功率有十分積極的意義,也是目前燒傷基礎(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域亟待解決的問題之一。眾所周知,感染仍是當(dāng)前燒傷患者死亡的主要原因,也是現(xiàn)階段燒傷基礎(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域的難點(diǎn)與熱點(diǎn)[6]。適度的炎癥反應(yīng)對(duì)控制感染、促進(jìn)創(chuàng)面修復(fù)有重要作用,但當(dāng)炎癥反應(yīng)過度激活時(shí),機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)中抵御感染的炎性因子就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)而攻擊機(jī)體自身的組織[7]。臨床觀察與研究表明[8],感染是創(chuàng)面加深的重要原因,過度炎癥反應(yīng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致組織損害,而且進(jìn)一步證實(shí)加深創(chuàng)面壞死區(qū)中性粒細(xì)胞、炎癥介質(zhì)浸潤明顯。
粉防己堿是中藥防己的有效成分,目前多應(yīng)用于燒傷炎癥、創(chuàng)面愈合與瘢痕形成方面的研究[9-11],粉防己堿外用治療小鼠燙傷,不僅能降低血管通透性,減輕組織損傷,促進(jìn)創(chuàng)面愈合,抑制肉芽腫生長,減少愈合后疤痕,此外可抑制燙傷皮膚中組織胺、白細(xì)胞介素1與腫瘤壞死因子的產(chǎn)生?;诖?,筆者選用粉防己堿用于觀察減輕深Ⅱ°燒傷創(chuàng)面早期加深效果,初步結(jié)果表明,粉防己堿能一定程度上減輕創(chuàng)面早期加深,但研究表現(xiàn),具有劑量依賴性,我們推斷,隨著劑量的增加,效果可能達(dá)到一個(gè)平臺(tái)期,然后隨著劑量的進(jìn)一步增加,效果反而下降,最適劑量有待進(jìn)一步探索,這可能和高濃度的粉防己堿影響羥脯氨酸濃度、一氧化氮合酶活性等有關(guān)。早期燒傷創(chuàng)面加深的原因眾多,機(jī)理目前仍不十分清楚,至于粉防己堿通過影響何種信號(hào)通路、或作用于哪些炎癥介質(zhì)起作用,目前我們還不得而知,作者初步分析認(rèn)為可能與通過影響燒傷早期毛細(xì)血管的通透性,從而減少炎癥介素、蛋白、水分等滲入組織間隙,減輕組織水腫、改善局部氧合等有一定的關(guān)系,具體的機(jī)理仍有待進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究揭示。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]黃躍生.加強(qiáng)燒傷創(chuàng)面處理是防止并發(fā)癥的重要措施[J].中華燒傷雜志,2014,30(3):191-193.
[2]GuoSX,Jin YY,F(xiàn)ang Q,et al.Beneficial effects of hydrogen-rich saline on early burn-wound progression in rats[J].PLoS One,2015,10(4):e0124897.
[3]李利根.防治深Ⅱ度燒傷創(chuàng)面早期加深的研究進(jìn)展[J].中華臨床醫(yī)師雜志:電子版,2012,6(18):7-9.endprint
[4]Yuhua S,Ligen L,Jiake C,et al.Effect of Poloxamer 188 on deepening of deep second-degree burn wounds in the early stage[J].Burns,2012,38(1):95-101.
[5]Regas FC,Ehrlich HP.Elucidating the vascular response to burns with a new rat model[J].J Trauma,1992,32(5):557-563.
[6]Tianhong Dai,Ying-Ying Huang,Sulbha K,et al.Topical antimicrobials for burn wound infections[J].Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov,2010,5(2):124-151.
[7]Huang W,Thomas B,F(xiàn)lynn RA,et al.DDX5 and its associated lncRNA Rmrp modulate TH17 cell effector functions[J].Nature,2015,528(7583):517-522.
[8]Pei Z,Sun Q,Sun X,et al.Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin carboxymethylchitosan composite sponge as antibacterial wound dressing[J].Biomed Mater Eng,2015(26):S111-S118.
[9]劉德伍,李國輝,劉德明.粉防己堿對(duì)創(chuàng)面修復(fù)組織中一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶的影響[J].中華燒傷雜志,2005,21(2):135-136.
[10]Ning P,Peng Y,Liu DW,et al.Tetrandrine induces microRNA differential expression in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts in vitro[J].Genet Mol Res,2016,15(1):7288.
[11]張樂之,何華美,李新芳,等.粉防己堿抗炎作用的研究進(jìn)展[J].解放軍藥學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2002,18(3):172-174.
編輯/楊倩endprint