• 
    

    
    

      99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看

      ?

      全覆膜自膨式金屬支架治療良性膽管狹窄臨床觀察

      2018-01-09 23:20:18李攀盧媛張彥張金卓
      現(xiàn)代儀器與醫(yī)療 2017年5期

      李攀 盧媛 張彥 張金卓

      [摘 要] 目的:觀察全覆膜自膨式金屬支架(Fully covered self-expandable metal stent,F(xiàn)CSEMS)治療良性膽管狹窄(Benign biliary strictures,BBS)的臨床效果,探討其應(yīng)用價值。方法:觀察2013年3月至2017年2月43例接受內(nèi)鏡下FCSEMS置入的BBS患者治療效果(癥狀、生化指標)及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況,總結(jié)治療體會。結(jié)果:43例患者FCSEMS均一次性置入成功,成功率為100.00%;術(shù)后隨訪期間3例患者支架未起效,支架有效率93.02%。有效患者隨訪期間均未見發(fā)熱、黃疸、腹痛等癥狀復(fù)發(fā),支架通暢性均良好;所有患者金屬支架均成功回收;患者術(shù)前血清TBIL為(246.80±62.65)μmol/L,術(shù)后5~7 d降至(95.92±17.65)μmol/L,術(shù)前與術(shù)后血清TBIL比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)?;颊咝g(shù)后早期并發(fā)癥以胰腺炎、高淀粉酶血癥為主,均經(jīng)對癥治療后好轉(zhuǎn),1例死亡患者死于急性腎功能不全加重繼發(fā)多臟器功能衰竭。結(jié)論:FCSEMS治療BBS安全、有效,是BBS治療的可行選擇。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] 全覆膜自膨式金屬支架;良性膽管狹窄;內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影

      中圖分類號:R575.7 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:2095-5200(2017)05-055-03

      DOI:10.11876/mimt201705023

      Clinical observation of fully covered self-expandable metal stent in the treatment of benign biliary strictures LI Pan, LU Yuan, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Jinzhuo. (Department of Gastroenterology,Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding 071000,china)

      [Abstract] Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) in the treatment of benign biliary strictures (BBS) and to explore its application values. Methods: A total sample of 43 cases of BBS patients who had accepted endoscopic FCSEMS from March 2013 to February 2017 were chosen as study objects. The treatment effectiveness (symptoms, biochemical indexes) and occurrence of complications were observed and the treatment experience was summarized. Results: FCSEMS was successfully implanted in all 43 patients at one time, with a success rate of 100%. During the follow-up period, 3 stents failed, and the stent efficiency was 93.02%. During the follow-up period of effective patients, no fever, jaundice, abdominal pain or other symptoms were recurred, and the patency of stent was good. All patients metal stents were successfully recovered. The preoperative serum TBIL was (246.80±62.65) μmol/L and the postoperative 5-7 d serum TBIL dropped to (95.92±17.65) μmol/L. The difference between preoperative and postoperative serum TBIL was statistically significant (P<0.05). The early complications of these patients were mainly pancreatitis and amylase which were all improved after symptomatic treatments. 1 patient died from acute renal insufficiency aggravation and secondary multiple organ failure. Conclusions: FCSEMS is safe and effective in the treatment of BBS and is a viable option for BBS treatment.

      [Key words] fully covered self-expandable metal stent; benign biliary strictures; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyendprint

      良性膽管狹窄(Benign biliary strictures,BBS)常繼發(fā)于膽管炎癥、慢性胰腺炎,隨著腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)手術(shù)的廣泛開展,醫(yī)源性損傷所致BBS發(fā)生率日益增多,而傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)治療BBS存在并發(fā)癥發(fā)生風(fēng)險大、復(fù)發(fā)率高的弊端,已逐漸被內(nèi)鏡治療所取代[1]。內(nèi)鏡下球囊擴張或塑料單管支架放置是既往臨床治療BBS的首選方式,但需重復(fù)多次治療,給患者帶來了較大痛苦,且2年內(nèi)支架取出后狹窄復(fù)發(fā)率超過30%[2]。全覆膜自膨式金屬支架(Fully covered self-expandalbe metal stent,F(xiàn)CSEMS)良好的支撐性能夠維持膽管的長期通暢[3]。我院將FCSEMS用于BBS患者,取得了較好的效果。

      1 資料與方法

      1.1 一般資料

      43例BBS患者年齡≥18歲,于我院接受內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影(ERCP)[4]及FCSEMS置入治療且臨床資料保存完整,排除既往有膽管金屬支架置入治療史及經(jīng)皮經(jīng)肝膽管引流術(shù)治療史者。43例患者中,男24例,女19例,年齡32~81歲,平均(48.55±11.26)歲,膽管狹窄長度1.3~5.7 cm,平均(2.81±0.55)cm;病因分布:胰腺癌26例,膽管癌6例,壺腹周圍癌5例,自身免疫性胰腺炎1例,IgG4相關(guān)膽管炎1例,炎性膽管狹窄2例,病因不明2例。

      1.2 治療方案

      患者術(shù)前完善血常規(guī)、血生化、出凝血功能等相關(guān)檢查,禁食、水8 h,術(shù)前30 min靜脈注射5~10 mg地西泮、

      50 mg哌替啶及20~40 mg丁溴東莨菪堿,術(shù)前5 min口服10 mL鹽酸利多卡因凝膠,年齡較大、體質(zhì)較差或耐受度較低者,酌情減少麻醉藥物用量[5]。予面罩吸氧、心電監(jiān)護,患者取俯臥位,行ERCP檢查,明確膽道狹窄部位、長度及距乳頭距離,于膽管內(nèi)留置導(dǎo)絲,切開Oddi括約肌,根據(jù)ERCP檢查結(jié)果選擇合適長度的FCSEMS(直徑10 mm,購自波士頓科學(xué)國際有限公司),支架長度最短40 mm,最長80 mm,于導(dǎo)絲引導(dǎo)下緩慢釋放金屬支架,內(nèi)鏡及X線下明確支架位置良好后退出導(dǎo)絲及推送器[6]。術(shù)后禁食、水24 h,常規(guī)應(yīng)用抗生素3~5 d預(yù)防感染,同時給予質(zhì)子泵抑制劑靜脈輸注及補液處理。術(shù)后隨訪期間,定期復(fù)查血常規(guī)、生化及腹部B超,發(fā)生膽管梗阻或支架移位者再次入院接受支架更換治療。

      腹痛、發(fā)熱、黃疸等臨床癥狀好轉(zhuǎn),彩超顯示狹窄減輕或恢復(fù)正常,隨訪12個月未見狹窄復(fù)發(fā);肝功能好轉(zhuǎn),血清總膽紅素(TBIL)水平明顯下降為治愈[7]。

      1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析

      對本臨床研究的所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS18.0進行分析,血清TBIL以(x±s)表示,并采用t檢驗,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      43例患者FCSEMS均一次性置入成功,成功率為100.00%;支架長度40~60 mm,其中37例患者置入60 mm支架,占86.05%;術(shù)后隨訪期間3例患者支架未起效,支架有效率為93.02%。

      患者均獲得有效隨訪,隨訪時間2~15個月,中位隨訪時間8個月,支架有效患者隨訪期間均未見發(fā)熱、黃疸、腹痛等癥狀復(fù)發(fā),支架通暢性均良好;所有患者金屬支架均成功回收;患者術(shù)前血清TBIL為(246.80±62.65)μmol/L,術(shù)后5~7 d降至(95.92±17.65)μmol/L,術(shù)前與術(shù)后血清TBIL比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

      患者術(shù)后30天內(nèi)早期并發(fā)癥以胰腺炎(30.23%)、高淀粉酶血癥(9.30%)為主,均經(jīng)禁食水、抗炎、保肝、抑酸、抑制胰液分泌、抗感染等對癥治療后好轉(zhuǎn),其余為急性化膿性膽管炎(6.98%)、急性腎功能不全(4.65%)、1例死亡患者死于急性腎功能不全加重繼發(fā)多臟器功能衰竭;術(shù)后隨訪期間1例支架移位患者未出現(xiàn)梗阻性黃疸,故未行支架二次置入,3例支架堵塞患者病因均為惡性腫瘤的進展與復(fù)發(fā)。

      3 討論

      自20世紀90年代中期內(nèi)鏡下膽道支架置入的動物實驗獲得成功以來,該技術(shù)已成為各種原因所致膽道狹窄的首選方案,既往臨床常用的塑料支架能夠在短期內(nèi)有效解除狹窄,但管徑較小、通暢時間短、堵塞發(fā)生率高,且每隔3~6個月需再次更換支架,重復(fù)多次的內(nèi)鏡治療不僅給BBS患者帶來了較大痛苦,也使得內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)生的工作量顯著增加[8-9]。

      為克服塑料支架的堵塞問題,有學(xué)者建議將惡性膽管狹窄的FCSEMS用于BBS的治療,以期借助金屬支架管徑大、通暢時間長、無需反復(fù)更換等優(yōu)勢,提高BBS的治療成本效益[10]。與金屬裸支架相比,F(xiàn)CSEMS在金屬網(wǎng)孔表面覆蓋了一層相容性佳、可有效避免細菌粘附的有機薄膜,從而抑制組織細胞沿支架網(wǎng)孔的內(nèi)向生長,達到保證支架通暢率的目的[11]。此外,F(xiàn)CSEMS屬全覆膜支架,較裸支架、部分覆膜支架而言,內(nèi)鏡下移除更為簡便、安全,更符合BBS的治療原則[12]。

      既往部分學(xué)者就FCSEMS與傳統(tǒng)塑料支架治療BBS的安全性與有效性進行了對比,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),多塑料支架雖然能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)狹窄部位的更大擴張,但平均每例患者需接受5次ERCP操作,且支架有效率不足90%,而FCSEMS除具有可回收性外,還具有更寬的直徑以及持續(xù)性擴張?zhí)攸c,能夠在減少ERCP操作次數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步延長膽管通暢時間[13-15]。本研究結(jié)果示,F(xiàn)CSEMS治療BBS的支架有效率達到93.02%,且隨訪期間支架通暢性良好,印證了FCSEMS確切的治療效果。

      在術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的觀察中,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然患者術(shù)后胰腺炎發(fā)生率達到30.23%,但患者胰腺炎表現(xiàn)均較輕微,保守治療即可確保疾病好轉(zhuǎn);高淀粉酶血癥的發(fā)生率為9.30%,僅次于胰腺炎,但患者癥狀均為一過性,經(jīng)對癥處理后均可于72 h內(nèi)治愈。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn)BBS患者術(shù)后膽囊炎、膽管出血、膽管穿孔風(fēng)險較高,其原因與手術(shù)操作不當(dāng)及膽囊管引流受阻有關(guān)[16],但本研究43例患者術(shù)后均未見上述并發(fā)癥,說明全覆膜支架雖然可能造成肝內(nèi)膽管、膽囊管或胰管開口阻塞,但其良好的生物相容性能夠有效避免術(shù)后嚴重并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生[17]。隨訪期間有3例患者發(fā)生支架堵塞,考慮與肝內(nèi)小分支膽管堵塞有關(guān);1例患者發(fā)生支架移位,其原因為金屬支架對粘膜上皮細胞粘附功能的抑制。上述晚期并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生均可能導(dǎo)致支架失效,但對于未發(fā)生梗阻性黃疸的支架移位患者,可行保守治療,無需內(nèi)鏡再次干預(yù);需要注意的是,也有部分支架移位可導(dǎo)致疼痛甚至腸梗阻,且支架移位后取出較為困難,盡管這一現(xiàn)象臨床發(fā)生較少,也應(yīng)予以高度重視[18],可通過借助導(dǎo)管內(nèi)雙極射頻消融技術(shù)進一步改善狹窄程度,降低肝內(nèi)小分支膽管堵塞所致支架移位風(fēng)險。endprint

      綜上所述,F(xiàn)CSEMS治療BBS具有可行性,能夠避免多次內(nèi)鏡操作對患者造成的巨大痛苦,從而在縮短治療周期的同時,降低并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、保證治療效果,其臨床應(yīng)用價值值得肯定。

      參 考 文 獻

      [1] Devière J, Reddy D N, Püsp?k A, et al. Successful management of benign biliary strictures with fully covered self-expanding metal stents[J]. Gastroenterology, 2014, 147(2): 385-395.

      [2] Irani S, Baron T H, Akbar A, et al. Endoscopic treatment of benign biliary strictures using covered self-expandable metal stents (CSEMS)[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2014, 59(1): 152-160.

      [3] 田青, 王桂杰, 張雅敏, 等. 全覆膜自膨式金屬支架在治療肝移植術(shù)后膽道吻合口狹窄中的應(yīng)用[J]. 中華器官移植雜志, 2015, 36(4): 201-204.

      [4] Chathadi K V, Chandrasekhara V, Acosta R D, et al. The role of ERCP in benign diseases of the biliary tract[J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2015, 81(4): 795-803.

      [5] Coté G A, Slivka A, Tarnasky P, et al. Effect of covered metallic stents compared with plastic stents on benign biliary stricture resolution: a randomized clinical trial[J]. Jama, 2016, 315(12): 1250-1257.

      [6] Mangiavillano B, Manes G, Baron T H, et al. The use of double lasso, fully covered self-expandable metal stents with new “anchoring flap” system in the treatment of benign biliary diseases[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2014, 59(9): 2308-2313.

      [7] 郝杰, 李宇, 陶杰, 等. 膽道支架在內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影治療肝移植術(shù)后膽道良性狹窄中的應(yīng)用價值[J]. 中華消化外科雜志, 2017, 16(4): 385-390.

      [8] Tringali A, Blero D, Bo?koski I, et al. Difficult removal of fully covered self expandable metal stents (SEMS) for benign biliary strictures: the “SEMS in SEMS” technique[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2014, 46(6): 568-571.

      [9] Rizvi S, Eaton J E, Gores G J. Primary sclerosing cholangitis as a premalignant biliary tract disease: surveillance and management[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 13(12): 2152-2165.

      [10] Siiki A, Helminen M, Sand J, et al. Covered self-expanding metal stents may be preferable to plastic stents in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis-related biliary strictures: a systematic review comparing 2 methods of stent therapy in benign biliary strictures[J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2014, 48(7): 635-643.

      [11] 李舒丹, 金杭斌, 張筱鳳, 等. 膽囊切除術(shù)后膽管狹窄內(nèi)鏡診治120例臨床分析[J]. 中華普通外科雜志, 2015, 30(12): 953-956.

      [12] Janssen J J, van Delden O M, VAN LIENDEN K P, et al. Percutaneous balloon dilatation and long-term drainage as treatment of anastomotic and nonanastomotic benign biliary strictures[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2014, 37(6): 1559-1567.

      [13] Kaffes A, Griffin S, Vaughan R, et al. A randomized trial of a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent versus plastic stents in anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation[J]. Therap Adv Gastroenterol, 2014, 7(2): 64-71.endprint

      [14] Schmidt A, Pickartz T, Lerch M M, et al. Effective treatment of benign biliary strictures with a removable, fully covered, self-expandable metal stent: A prospective, multicenter European study[J]. United European Gastroenterol J, 2017, 5(3): 398-407.

      [15] 李攀, 張彥, 劉四方,等. 全覆膜自膨式金屬支架在膽囊切除術(shù)后良性膽管狹窄的治療體會[C]// 中國醫(yī)院藥學(xué)雜志學(xué)術(shù)年會. 2016.

      [16] Lange B, Kubiak R, Wessel L M, et al. Use of fully covered self-expandable metal stents for benign esophageal disorders in children[J]. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech, 2015, 25(4): 335-341.

      [17] Mauri G, Michelozzi C, Melchiorre F, et al. Benign biliary strictures refractory to standard bilioplasty treated using polydoxanone biodegradable biliary stents: retrospective multicentric data analysis on 107 patients[J]. Eur Radiol, 2016, 26(11): 4057-4063.

      [18] Walter D, Sarrazin C, Trojan J, et al. No distal migration in unfixed versus fixed cell structure covered self-expanding metal stents for treatment of benign biliary disease[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2015, 60(8): 2495-2501.endprint

      黔江区| 翁源县| 辉县市| 凤山市| 丽江市| 会宁县| 临清市| 平远县| 手游| 涪陵区| 法库县| 漳浦县| 陕西省| 长阳| 墨竹工卡县| 五莲县| 大理市| 香河县| 郴州市| 甘泉县| 平陆县| 彭阳县| 桂平市| 信丰县| 休宁县| 烟台市| 崇礼县| 吴江市| 二连浩特市| 长春市| 塘沽区| 清流县| 简阳市| 武川县| 长治县| 同德县| 沂源县| 秦安县| 徐闻县| 康马县| 利川市|