湖北 尹繼友
同學(xué)們接觸到了can,must,may,might,could等情態(tài)動詞。它們都可以用來表示“推測”,但must的可能性最大,can(could)次之,may(might)最小。
“肯不肯妹不問,媽媽肯定不否問?!边@個順口溜介紹了can(could),may(might),must表示“推測”時的用法區(qū)別??喜豢?,即can(表示推測時,往往用于否定句或疑問句)不用于肯定式;妹不問,即may(might)不用于疑問式;媽媽肯定不否問,即must僅用于肯定句,而不用于否定句和疑問句。
一、有把握的推測
表示有把握的推測時,肯定句用must,意思是“一定;準(zhǔn)是”,否定句用can't,意思是“不可能;一定沒”?!癿ust(can't)+動詞原形”,表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測?!癿ust(can't)+be+v.-ing”,表示對現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作的推測。“must(can't)+have+過去分詞”,表示對過去情況的推測。例如:
1.You must be hungry after your long walk.長途步行之后你一定餓了。
2.They must be waiting for us.Let's hurry up.他們一定在等我們,快點走。
3.You must have left your bag in the theatre.你準(zhǔn)是把你的包落在劇院了。
4.You can't be hungry.You have just had your dinner.你現(xiàn)在不可能餓,你剛剛才吃過晚飯。
5.I think his eyesight can't be getting better.我認(rèn)為他的視力不可能再好轉(zhuǎn)。
6.The woman in the hat must be a teacher.戴帽子的這位女士肯定是位老師。
二、把握不大的推測
表示把握不大的推測即有可能性時,用can(could)和may(might),常意為“也許;可能”。may(might)用于肯定句與否定句,一般不用于疑問句。could常用于疑問句和肯定句,一般不用于否定句。“may(might)+動詞原形”,表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測?!癿ay(might)+be+v.-ing”,表示對現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作的推測。“may(might)+have+過去分詞”,表示對過去情況的推測;“can(could)+主語+動詞原形”,表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測?!癱an(could)+主語+be+v.-ing”,表示對現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作的推測。“can(could)+主語+have+過去分詞”,表示對過去情況的推測。例如:
1.At the moment she may be playing with her classmates.此刻她可能正在和同學(xué)們玩。
2.Anna might not have seen Tom yesterday.安娜昨天可能沒有看見湯姆。
3.You could have started a little earlier.你本可以早一點動身的。
4.Could he have gone home?他可能到家了嗎?
5.What can they be quarreling about?他們可能在爭吵些什么呢?
6.Can she have lost the book?她也許丟失了那本書了嗎?
1.The girl in the classroom______be Sarah.She has gone to the library.【2016·青島市中考題】
A.may B.must C.can't D.needn't
【答案與解析】C may 可能;must一定;can't不可能;needn't不必。根據(jù)“She has gone to the library.”可知,她去圖書館了,現(xiàn)在還沒回來,所以在教室里的女孩不可能是Sarah。故選C項。
2.—Where are you going this month?
—We _____ go to Xiamen,but we're not sure.
【2016·呼和浩特市中考題】
A.needn't B.might
C.must D.mustn't
【答案與解析】B句意:——這個月你們將去哪里?——我們或許去廈門,但是我們還不確定。needn't不需要;might或許,表示可能性不大;must一定;必須,表示可能性很大;mustn't不可以。根據(jù)“but we're not sure”可知,這里表示不確定。故選B項。
3.—Mum,I've signed for the box.What's in it?
—I'm not sure.It______be a present from your uncle.
【2017·安徽省中考題】
A.need B.must C.may D.will
【答案與解析】C need 需要;must一定;may或許;will將要。根據(jù)句子“I'm not sure.”(我不清楚)可知,回答者對自己的推測還不夠肯定。故選C項。
4.—Sixty dollars for such a T-shirt! You______be joking!
—I'm serious.It's made of silk from Hangzhou.
【2017·荊州市中考題】
A.must B.need C.will D.can
【答案與解析】A must肯定;need需要;may可能;can能夠。根據(jù)句意“——這件T恤要60美金!你一定是在開玩笑!——我是認(rèn)真的。它是絲綢做的?!笨芍@里應(yīng)該表示肯定的推測。故選A項。
從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
1.—Is that boy in blue John?
—It______be him.He has gone to Hongkong.
A.may not B.should
C.can't D.mustn't
2.—Will Mr.Smith fly to Taiwan for a holiday?
—He______try.In fact,it depends on how much the journey costs.
A.may B.has to
C.need D.must
3.—What will the weather be like tomorrow?
—It______be rainy,cloudy or sunny.Who knows?
A.must B.might
C.should D.can't
4.—Finally,they came back.
—I think they______be hungry after such a long walk.
A.can't B.must
C.needn't D.could
5.—Excuse me,can you tell me the way to the zoo?
—Sorry,I'm new here.Please ask that policeman.He______know.
A.can B.need
C.may D.must