安徽 蔣安君
在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,同學(xué)們常遇到感嘆句引導(dǎo)詞how和what的選用問題吧?“how修飾形容詞或副詞,what修飾名詞”,這種說(shuō)法已毋庸置疑啦!但有些同學(xué)即使知道這種用法,仍會(huì)說(shuō)出類似“How interesting books they are!”的錯(cuò)句。因此,我們把what,how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句歸納為下列幾種類型:
1.What a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
2.What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
3.What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
4.How+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
以上的這幾種句式完全正確,不過實(shí)際記憶起來(lái)難度也不算小。如果同學(xué)們能遵循下列方法確定選用感嘆句用what還是how,效果會(huì)不錯(cuò)的!
首先確定句子的主語(yǔ)(句子中的be或其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的第一個(gè)名詞或代詞就是主語(yǔ)),然后看主語(yǔ)前是否有名詞。如果主語(yǔ)前有名詞,感嘆詞就用what,反之則用how。例如:
①What wonderful films they are! (主語(yǔ)they前面有名詞films,故用what。)
②How wonderful they are!(主語(yǔ)they前面沒有名詞,故用how。)
【提醒】一般情況下主語(yǔ)前面有單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),選用what,然后加a或an。主語(yǔ)前面有復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,就直接用what;如果主語(yǔ)前面沒有任何名詞而需要直接修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞,則用how。
上面句型1、2、3的主語(yǔ)前有名詞,則用感嘆詞what,而句型4的主語(yǔ)前沒有名詞,感嘆詞就用how。又如:
①How I like English songs!(主語(yǔ)I前面沒有名詞,how修飾動(dòng)詞like。)
② What an exciting story it is!(主語(yǔ)it前面是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞story,用what an。)
③What honest men they are!(主語(yǔ)they前面是復(fù)數(shù)名詞men,用what。)
【注意】many,much,few,little等表示許多或者很少的單詞,必須要用how來(lái)修飾,而不能用what。例如:
①How many foreign friends she has got!她的外國(guó)朋友真多?。?/p>
②How little money he could earn ten years ago!十年前他掙的錢太少啦!
what和how的用法口訣
這種規(guī)則在選用what或how引導(dǎo)感嘆句時(shí)比較適用?,F(xiàn)在我們就來(lái)認(rèn)真完成這幾道填空題,對(duì)此說(shuō)法做一下實(shí)際驗(yàn)證吧!
根據(jù)句意,在空白處填入what,what a(n)或how。
1._______exciting movie it is!
2._______exciting movies they are!
3._______exciting news it is!
4._______well she sings!
【答案與解析】
1.What an 主語(yǔ)是it,其前面有單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞movie。
2.What主語(yǔ)是they,其前面有復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞movies。
3.Whatit是句子的主語(yǔ),其前面有不可數(shù)名詞news。
4.How 本句的主語(yǔ)為she,在該詞之前沒有任何名詞。
【拓展】“What a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +其他!”的感嘆句,可以與“How+形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!”的感嘆句相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:
What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is!
【真題回練】
根據(jù)句意,從每題的各個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1.—Our classmates are going to Fantawild Adventure after the exam.
—______exciting idea!
【2017·白銀市中考題】
A.What B.What an
C.How an D.How
2.—______shocking news!It is reported that the UK is repeatedly under terror attack.
—So it is.We should call on the people all over the world to be against terrorism.
【2017·龍東地區(qū)中考題】
A.What an B.How
C.What
3.—Volunteers from Lantian Saving Team have saved many travelers in the mountains.
—______they are!
【2016·陜西省中考題】
A.How great a man
B.How great men
C.What a great man
D.What great men
4.—______weather it is!Shall we go for a picnic?
—I can't agree more.
【2016·煙臺(tái)市中考題】
A.What a good B.What good
C.How good the D.How good
5.—Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love.
—______excellent actor he is!
【2017·廣東省中考題】
A.What B.What a
C.What an D.How
6.—______exciting the speech about“Belt and Road”was!
—Of course!It was a really great inspiration to the world.
【2017·泰安市中考題】
A.How B.What
C.How a D.What an