鄧黎莉
閱讀量小是小學(xué)英語教學(xué)存在多年又難以治愈的痼疾。如何擴大學(xué)生的閱讀量,提高閱讀效率?英語閱讀教學(xué)能否將內(nèi)容上可比較、可參照、可串聯(lián)的兩三個語篇整合起來讀?……這些問題促使筆者對小學(xué)英語閱讀“微整合”課程進行思考。
筆者認為的閱讀課程微整合的行為與策略,主要體現(xiàn)在教師圍繞話題對教材進行重組、刪減、補充或根據(jù)自定話題選擇文本、組合文本,選編與話題同一題材的課外讀物,作為閱讀教學(xué)延伸的輔助讀物,讓課內(nèi)閱讀與課外閱讀相結(jié)合。
下面筆者結(jié)合譯林新版《英語》五(下)Unit 8 Cartoon time的教學(xué)實踐,向大家展示小學(xué)英語一節(jié)閱讀課的“微整合”的建構(gòu)過程。
【課程呈現(xiàn)】
Step 1.Leading in聚焦主題,初塑“英雄”形象
1.視頻導(dǎo)入,引出話題
T:I am your new English teacher.Iwanttoknowyou.May I know your name?What’s your hobby?
Ss:My name is...I like...
T:I like watching films.Do youlikewatchingfilms?Let’s watchafilm.Whatfilmisit about?
Ss:It’s about superman.
T:Do you like superman?Why?
S1:Yes.Superman is strong.
S2:Supermanisbrave/clever/...
T:Superman is so wonderful,I like him too.In my heart,he is a hero.
Teach“hero”.
2.聯(lián)系實際,初識“英雄”
T:Boys and girls,who is a hero in your heart?Why?
S1:Thedoctorisahero.He often helps people.
S2:Lei Feng is a hero in myheartbecausehealways helps people.
S3:In my heart,my father is a hero.He is strong,he can do everything.
課程意圖:由一段超人救人的視頻導(dǎo)入,引出談?wù)摗坝⑿邸钡脑掝};結(jié)合生活說說自己心目中的英雄,激發(fā)學(xué)生原有的對“英雄”的形象感知,為接下來進一步認識英雄作鋪墊。
Step 2.Cartoon time學(xué)習(xí)故事,認知“英雄”特質(zhì)
1.整體輸入,感知人物形象
T:Look,Bobby is here.Is Bobby a hero?
S1:Yes.
S2:No.
T:Boysandgirls,open your books,please read the cartoon fast,then try to answer the question“Is Bobby a hero?”
T:Is Bobby a real hero?
Ss:Yes.
T:Bobby is a hero in the play.But why?Let’s find it out together.
2.分圖細讀,體驗人物情感
(1) T:Dang Dang,the play isbeginning.Listen,whathappens?
S1:Agirlisaskingfor“help”.
T:Yes.Maybesheisa princess.What does Bobby do?
S2:He wants to help her.
引導(dǎo)學(xué)生有感情地讀第一幅圖。(略)
(2) T:Look,thedooris opened.Can Bobby go in?
Ss:No.
T:Howdoeshegoin?Read and find the answer.
(學(xué)生自讀,找出答案。)
S1:Bobby can find out the answer.
S2:Bobby findsthepassword.
T:Whatdoyouthinkof Bobby?
S3:He is very clever.
(3) T:Now,Bobbycan go in the room.Can he save the princess?
Ss:No.There is a pig.
T:Look,the pig is so tall and strong.Look at Bobby,he is so small and weak.If you are the pig,what will you say?If you are Bobby,what will you say?What will you do?Imagine and act it out.
(學(xué)生練習(xí)后表演展示。)
S1:I’m strong,you are so small.Ha,ha...
S2:I’m not afraid of you.I want to help the princess.
S1:Go away,little mouse.
S2:Comehere.I’llkill you,fat pig.
S1/S2 fight with each other.
(4) T:The pig runs away.Then,a cat comes out from a room.Whatwilltheprincess say?Whoistheprincess?Is she beautiful?
S:(略)
T:WhatwillBobbysay?How to read“What a play!”?
Ss:(用自己理解的語氣讀“What a play”,體會 Bobby 當時的情感。)
3.回顧總結(jié),提煉“英雄”品質(zhì)
T:From Picture 1,2,4,5,What do you think of Bobby?
S1:Bobbywantstohelp the princess.He is helpful.
S2:Heisclever.Hecan find out the password.
S3:From Picture 4,I know Bobby is brave.
S4:He is kind.
S5:Bobby is...
(板書 helpful/clever/brave)
T:Is Bobby a real hero in the play?
Ss:Yes!
4.朗讀表演,再造英雄形象
(1) T:Now let’s watch the cartoon,pleasewatchcarefully,it can help you act it out.
(2)T:Work in pairs of 4,try to remember the lines(臺詞).If you can add your own words and gestures,it will be better.
Ss:(Work in groups.)
(3)Show the act,and talk about how many stars they can get.
課程意圖:本片斷是教材里的內(nèi)容。整節(jié)課圍繞主問題“Is bobby a hero?Why?”引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在想象中感悟、在閱讀中明晰、在表演中體驗,目的是讓學(xué)生了解“英雄”應(yīng)有的品質(zhì),從而深入認識“英雄”。另一方面,它也不是傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)中的“孤獨一課”,而是在“hero”為主題的引領(lǐng)下,統(tǒng)整了“初談英雄、認識英雄、學(xué)做英雄”中的前面兩個部分。
Step 3.Picture book拓展閱讀,找尋“英雄”之路
1.激發(fā)興趣
T:Bobby is a hero in the play.Doyouwanttobea hero?
Ss:Yes.
T:How?Howcanwebe heroes?
Ss:...
T:Look at these two little boys,they want to be supermen.Then,they do many things.At last,they are supermen.Do you want to know how they can be supermen?
Ss:Yes.
T:TakeoutyourPicture book,read from Page 1 to Page 8,tell me why they can be supermen.
2.閱讀交流:
T:Why can they be supermen?
Ss:Theyruneveryday.They jump over the chair every day./They give the toys to the children./Theylovethedogs and cats and feed them./...
3.續(xù)寫故事
T:The little boys do many things.Whatelsedotheydo?Nowyouarelittlewriters.Please work in pairs of 4,try to write the story,and then prepare to show your story.
Ss:(Work in groups.)They...
4.回顧提升
T:Do you know how they can become supermen?
S1:Theyrunandjump everyday,so they can be strong.
S2:They do many things to help others,so they are helpful.
S3:...
Step 4.提升情感,落實“我要做英雄”
1.討論怎樣成為英雄
T:Do you think it is difficult to be a superman?
Ss:No,of course not.
T:So if you want to be a hero,what should you do?Discuss with your deskmate.
S1:I should run every day.
S2:I want to be a hero,I should help others.
S3:...
2.總結(jié)教學(xué),讀、寫詩升華主題
T:Wow I’m so proud of you,I believe each of you can be a hero.And that makes me wanttoreadapoemforyou.(讀一段)
T:Can you write a poem like this?
S1:Hero can be______,
Tobeahero,I should_________;
S2:Hero can be______,
Tobeahero,Ishould______;
T:Look,it’s a nice poem.Let’s read it together!
Step 5.Homework
1.Read more stories about“Heroes”.讀更多的關(guān)于“英雄”的故事。
2.Read your Hero poem to your family.把你作的詩讀給家人聽。
課程意圖:本片斷還是以“hero”為主題,是在之前的“初談英雄、認識英雄”之后的“學(xué)做英雄”。這部分以We want to be supermen繪本為載體,借助形象的圖畫和生動的文字,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生探究“文中兩個男孩怎樣成為超人?”進一步遷移到“我們怎樣成為英雄”。在師生互動中談英雄、辨英雄、做英雄,落實核心素養(yǎng),關(guān)注學(xué)生生命成長。
【課程感悟】
在傳統(tǒng)的英語教學(xué)中,教師大都將教材置于至高無上的地位,更多關(guān)注的是知識的預(yù)設(shè)與傳授,給學(xué)生留下的思維、探索的空間極少,幾乎無視學(xué)生的自我建構(gòu)。這種過分依賴教材、就教材而實施的教學(xué)我們稱之為“教教材”。“教教材”嚴重壓制了師生參與教學(xué)的積極性和創(chuàng)造性,其結(jié)果只會導(dǎo)致教學(xué)內(nèi)容的片面和教學(xué)活動的僵化。。
而“課程”理念則要求教師轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,不再把教材作為唯一,而是把它作為教學(xué)的一種“范本”,教師以此“范本”為圓心,依據(jù)課程標準,向外延伸和拓展,做到從教材出發(fā),圍繞話題,整合可用的一切資源,為學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展服務(wù),以此而創(chuàng)生了適合學(xué)生的“課程”。
北師大肖川教授認為:“各學(xué)科的教學(xué),要為素養(yǎng)而教,不是只為學(xué)科而教?!蔽覀兝斫獾挠⒄Z課堂不僅僅包含語言能力、思維品質(zhì)、文化品格和學(xué)習(xí)能力英語學(xué)科素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng),更重要的還有人的核心素養(yǎng)的落實。
本節(jié)課基于理念,圍繞主題Hero做了三個部分的預(yù)設(shè)。明暗之中談英雄:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生說一說自己心目中的英雄,初步確立“英雄”的形象;言語之中辨英雄:在語篇的學(xué)習(xí)中通過讀、悟、演體驗文本的含義、人物的情感,逐步分辨“英雄”的本質(zhì);互動之中做英雄:在拓展閱讀中感悟,自己如何做就能成為“英雄”。
通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生浸入文本,體驗情感,理解感悟、表演運用,打造生動活潑、學(xué)生喜愛的課堂;通過“帶著問題閱讀故事、帶著想象理解故事、帶著情感表演故事、帶著理性玩味故事、帶著探究讀更多的故事”閱讀策略指導(dǎo),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自讀故事、讀系列的故事的能力;通過在師生互動中談英雄、辨英雄、做英雄落實核心素養(yǎng),關(guān)注學(xué)生生命成長。
在以學(xué)習(xí)英語為憑借的同時,筆者引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從對“英雄”的模糊感知到清晰認識,再到自我英雄夢的實現(xiàn);從課內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)到課外閱讀,從生活到書本再到生活,促使學(xué)生進行自我教育、自我發(fā)展,向課外閱讀的無限延伸,向自我內(nèi)心的無限延展,向生活實踐的無限延續(xù)……
“每個教師都是一本書?!庇捎诮處熡兄陨淼纳罱?jīng)驗和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗,其本身就是很好的課程資源。而教師的素質(zhì)往往還決定了課程資源的識別、開發(fā)與利用的程度及效益發(fā)揮的水平,因此,促使教師不斷地自主學(xué)習(xí),做一池與時俱進的活水,尤其重要。
反觀當前教師教學(xué)的狀態(tài),依然只關(guān)注“如何教”,對于“教什么”即課程設(shè)計卻是被動,使課程設(shè)計與課程實施脫節(jié)而沒有一以貫之。要改變當前弊端,教師必須轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,不僅要關(guān)注“如何教”,更要關(guān)注“教什么”。
總之,“教課”要求教師能依據(jù)課程標準,自主、創(chuàng)造性地鉆研教材,不僅能理解、處理教材,而且要能駕馭、超越教材;“教課程”要求教師能了解學(xué)生的成長特征和個性特點,立足學(xué)生的成長和發(fā)展,而不只是停留在教材提供的語言知識上,為學(xué)生選取他們喜聞樂見而又意義非凡的課程資源;“教課程”還需要教師不斷學(xué)習(xí),能根據(jù)自身的實踐和研究,擇取優(yōu)秀的資源,整合成“營養(yǎng)豐富”的課程,展現(xiàn)自身的風(fēng)格和魅力。
小學(xué)教學(xué)設(shè)計(英語)2018年2期