何劍養(yǎng) 梁潤(rùn)英 趙石蘭
【摘要】 目的 探討肥胖對(duì)哮喘患兒規(guī)范化治療后肺功能的影響。方法 120例哮喘患兒, 以體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)≥28 kg/m2為界限, 將患兒分為肥胖組(62例)和正常體重組(58例)。兩組患兒均進(jìn)行規(guī)范化治療比較兩組治療前后用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼氣容積(FEV1)、用力呼氣25%流速(PEF25)、用力呼氣50%流速(PEF50)及1年后哮喘控制情況。結(jié)果 治療前, 兩組患兒的FVC、FEV1、PEF25水平比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05), 而兩組患兒的PEF50水平比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后, 正常體重組患兒的FVC、FEV1、PEF25、PEF50水平均高于肥胖組, 且FVC、FEV1增高幅度明顯高于肥胖組, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療1年后, 正常體重組中完全控制46例(79.31%)、部分控制11例(18.97%)、未控制1例(1.72%), 肥胖組中完全控制18例(29.03%)、部分控制33例(53.23%)、未控制11例(17.74%), 正常體重組患兒的哮喘完全控制情況明顯優(yōu)于肥胖組, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 哮喘伴肥胖患兒治療后肺功能改善及哮喘控制差于正常體重的哮喘患兒。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 哮喘;肥胖;肺功能;患兒
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2018.35.012
【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the effect of obesity on lung function in children with asthma after standardized treatment. Methods A total of 120 children with asthma were divided into obesity group (62 cases) and normal weight group (58 cases) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2 as limit. Both groups received standardized therapy Comparison were made on forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), 25% forced expiratory flow rate (PEF25), 50% forced expiratory flow rate (PEF50) before and after treatment, and asthma control after 1 year between the two groups. Results Before treatment, the levels of FVC, FEV1 and PEF25 in the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in PEF25 levels between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of FVC, FEV1, PEF25 and PEF50 in children with normal weight group were higher than those in obesity group, and the increase of FVC and FEV1 was significantly higher than that of obesity group. Their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After 1 year of treatment, normal weight group had 46 complete control cases (79.31%), 11 partial control cases (18.97%) and 1 uncontrolled case (1.72%). while the obesity group had 18 complete control cases (29.03%), 33 partial control cases (53.23%) and 11 uncontrolled cases (17.74%). Normal weight group had obviously more cases of complete control than obesity group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The improvement of lung function and asthma control in children with asthma and obesity are worse than those in children with normal weight.
【Key words】 Asthma; Obesity; Children; Lung function
支氣管哮喘是一種小兒常見(jiàn)的呼吸道疾病, 近年來(lái)關(guān)于兒童肥胖和兒童哮喘的相關(guān)性得到越來(lái)越多的醫(yī)學(xué)人員的重視。本研究旨在探討肥胖對(duì)哮喘患兒治療后肺功能的影響?,F(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取2015~2018年在本院接受治療的哮喘患兒120例, 其中男68例, 女52例;平均年齡(10.12±3.85)歲;平均病程(2.34±0.59)年。以BMI≥28 kg/m2為界限, 將患兒分為肥胖組(62例)和正常體重組(58例)。
1. 2 方法 兩組患兒均進(jìn)行規(guī)范化治療, 主要為行吸入功能鍛煉, 且給予沙美特羅替卡松粉吸入劑(商品名:舒利迭;規(guī)格:50 μg/100 μg)吸入, 早晚各1次。
1. 3 觀察指標(biāo)及判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 采用肺功能檢測(cè)儀測(cè)量?jī)山M患兒治療前后的FVC、FEV1、PEF25、PEF50水平, 并作比較。比較兩組患兒的哮喘控制情況, 參考文獻(xiàn)[1]分為完全控制、部分控制、未控制。
1. 4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS24.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差( x-±s)表示, 采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2檢驗(yàn), 等級(jí)資料比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2. 1 兩組治療前肺功能比較 治療前, 兩組患兒的FVC、FEV1、PEF25水平比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05), 而兩組患兒的PEF50水平比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2. 2 兩組治療后肺功能比較 治療后, 正常體重組患兒的FVC、FEV1、PEF25、PEF50水平均高于肥胖組, 且FVC、FEV1增高幅度明顯高于肥胖組, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2. 3 兩組哮喘控制情況比較 治療1年后, 正常體重組患兒的哮喘完全控制情況明顯優(yōu)于肥胖組, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
3 討論
目前, 肥胖作為哮喘的危險(xiǎn)因素[1]這一觀點(diǎn)已經(jīng)基本得到業(yè)內(nèi)公認(rèn), 但是小兒肥胖和哮喘之間的具體作用機(jī)制尚未明確[2]。本研究中, 肥胖哮喘患兒治療前后的FEV1均低于正常體重的哮喘患兒(P<0.05)。國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者[3]通過(guò)研究認(rèn)為肥胖增加了患兒對(duì)乙酰膽堿的敏感性, 對(duì)沙丁胺醇的反應(yīng)性呈抑制作用;規(guī)范的表面激素治療可改善非肥胖患兒的大氣道通氣功能, 對(duì)肥胖患兒的改善不明顯, 與本研究的結(jié)果相吻合。瘦素作為脂肪組織的肥胖基因表達(dá)的多肽激素, 同時(shí)也是致炎因子的核心成員[4], 能抑制食欲、調(diào)節(jié)能量代謝、促進(jìn)脂肪分解以及調(diào)節(jié)免疫, 其在哮喘發(fā)病中發(fā)揮的影響近年來(lái)已成為研究熱點(diǎn)。國(guó)外有研究提示, 瘦素分泌增加導(dǎo)致小兒哮喘發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加[5];成人和兒童哮喘者血清瘦素濃度比非哮喘者升高[6], 并且, 在哮喘輕、中、重度的急性發(fā)作中, 肥胖患兒的瘦素水平均高于正常體重患兒[7], 這可能是與肥胖因子分泌引起前炎癥環(huán)境有關(guān)。另外, 肥胖或炎癥狀態(tài)下, 組織間隙缺氧, 肥大細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞分泌大量的纖溶酶原激活物抑制劑沉積在肺組織中[8, 9], 促進(jìn)嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞積聚和活化而引起氣道高反應(yīng)性。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果顯示[10-13], 往小鼠體內(nèi)輸入脂聯(lián)素, 可導(dǎo)致血漿脂聯(lián)素呈半數(shù)以上增長(zhǎng), 激發(fā)哮喘過(guò)敏原后, 小鼠肺部是酸性細(xì)胞、Th2淋巴細(xì)胞的表達(dá)受到抑制;但是, 肥胖者體內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)的是低血漿脂聯(lián)素和高白介素的狀態(tài)。
綜上所述, 肥胖明顯影響哮喘控制水平, 影響患兒治療后肺功能改善情況, 但肥胖型哮喘的發(fā)生機(jī)制尚不明確, 需要進(jìn)一步研究。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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[收稿日期:2018-07-13]