安徽 單桂才
每種時態(tài)都有其相應(yīng)的時間狀語,現(xiàn)將常與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)連用的時間狀語歸納如下:
現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去的時間狀語連用, 如 already、yet、just、before、recently、lately、so far等。 例如:
My younger brother has just told me the good news.我弟弟剛剛告訴了我這個好消息。
He has already come back.他已經(jīng)回來了。
I haven't asked him yet.我還沒有問他。
【注意】already意為“已經(jīng)”,常用于肯定句中,放在助動詞have/has之后;yet常用于否定句和疑問句,用于否定句時意為“還;尚”,用于疑問句時意為“已經(jīng)”。
現(xiàn)在完成時常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如 ever、never、often、sometimes、twice等。例如:
Have you ever been to Japan?你曾經(jīng)去過日本嗎?
They have been to Shanghai twice.他們?nèi)ミ^上海兩次。
現(xiàn)在完成時可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now、up to these few days、this morning、today等。 例如:
What have you been up to these days?你最近在做些什么?
現(xiàn)在完成時可以與由for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用,表示持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)。表示持續(xù)性的動詞有 wait、know、stay、live、teach、be、learn 等。
1.for+一段時間,強(qiáng)調(diào)行為延續(xù)了多久,不可接時間點(diǎn)。例如:
I have been in the army for more than three years.我在部隊已經(jīng)待了三年多了。
Mr.Smith has taught English in China for ten years.史密斯先生在中國已經(jīng)教了十年的英語。
2.since意為“自……以來”,引導(dǎo)的時間狀語表示某個時間段。since可用作介詞,后接時間名詞或短語;也可用作連詞,后接時間狀語從句。例如:
They have lived here since 2005.自2005年以來他們就住在這里。
He has worked in this hospital since five years ago.他在這家醫(yī)院已經(jīng)工作五年了。
She has done her homework since she came home.回到家后她就做了家庭作業(yè)。
【注意】在否定句中,短暫性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。例如:
I haven't heard from him since last year.自去年以來我就沒有收到過他的來信。
1.—Lucy,is your uncle a teacher?
—Yes,he is.He _________history for nearly 20 years.A.teaches B.has taught
【2018·北京中考題】
C.is teaching D.will teach
【答案與解析】B 根據(jù)時間狀語for nearly 20 years可知,該句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選B項。
2.It is said that the number of forest parksinGuangdong _________tomore than1,000 so far.
【2018·廣東中考題】
A.increase B.increased
C.has increased D.will increase
【答案與解析】C 根據(jù)so far可知,該句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選C項。
3.—Is this your camera?
—Yes,I _________it for two weeks.
【2018·北部灣中考題】
A.bought B.had
C.have had D.have bought
【答案與解析】C 根據(jù)for two weeks可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。buy為短暫性動詞,要用表示狀態(tài)的動詞have替代。故選C項。
4.—Paris is a wonderful place.
—So it is.I_________there twice.
【2018·涼山中考題】
A.have been B.have gone
C.went D.will go
【答案與解析】A 根據(jù)twice可知該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時;表示去過,要用have/has been(to)。 故選 A 項。
Ⅰ.根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子。每空一詞。
1.我已經(jīng)考慮這個問題很久了。
I___________________________about the problem for a long time.
2.大衛(wèi)曾經(jīng)是你們樂隊的成員嗎?____________David__________________a member of your band?
3.我們從來沒有在學(xué)校附近的書店遇到過她。
We ___________________________her at the bookstores near our school.
4.李磊還沒有完成他的家庭作業(yè)。
Li Lei __________________his homework _________.
5.邁克爾不在這里,他剛出去。
Michael isn't here.He____________
_________out.
Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子。每空一詞。
1.Tom's father died five years ago.(改為同義句)Tom's father____________ _______________
_________ ____________five years.
2.Mike has already visited the Great Wall.(改為否定句)
Mike __________________the Great Wall_________.
3.She has lived in this town for more than two years.(改為同義句)___
______ _________morethantwo years _________she _________to the town.
4.Helen has already finished her homework.(改為一般疑問句)
_________Helen _________her homework _________?
5.Mr.Green has worked in Shanghai for a year.(改為同義句)
Mr.Green has worked in Shanghai_________ __________ __________.
(答案見第64頁)