裴要男 王承武 周潔
摘要:以項(xiàng)目驅(qū)動(dòng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育為視角,對(duì)新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育實(shí)施情況進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查,采用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型(SEM)對(duì)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育體系構(gòu)建及其效果的影響因素進(jìn)行假設(shè)驗(yàn)證分析。結(jié)果表明,創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿、環(huán)境、實(shí)踐和能力顯著正向影響創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育體系實(shí)施效果,且影響程度從大到小依次為能力、實(shí)踐、環(huán)境、意愿;項(xiàng)目、課程、平臺(tái)對(duì)培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)能力的影響最為顯著。對(duì)此,提出了從建設(shè)項(xiàng)目引導(dǎo)體系、優(yōu)化課程培訓(xùn)體系和搭建平臺(tái)支撐體系3方面設(shè)立“三位一體”創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育體系的戰(zhàn)略,以期為社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供更多創(chuàng)新型人才。
關(guān)鍵詞:創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè);教育體系;結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型(SEM);三位一體
中圖分類號(hào):F406.17? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2019)09-0168-07
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.039? ? ? ? ? ?開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID):
Abstract: From the perspective of project-driven innovation and entrepreneurship education, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education for Xinjiang Agricultural University students. Structural equation model (SEM) was used to test and analyze the factors influencing the construction and effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship education system. The results show that the willingness, environment, practice and ability of innovation and entrepreneurship have significant positive impact on the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education system, and the degree of impact from large to small is ability, practice, environment, willingness; projects, courses and platforms have the most significant impact on the cultivation of College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability. In this regard, the strategy of establishing the "trinity" innovation and entrepreneurship education system from three aspects, construction project guidance system, optimization of curriculum training system and platform support system, is put forward in order to provide more innovative talents for social and economic development.
Key words: innovation and entrepreneurship; education system; structural equation model; trinity
自李克強(qiáng)總理于2014年提倡“大眾創(chuàng)新,萬眾創(chuàng)業(yè)”以來,創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)在全國(guó)范圍蓬勃興起,目前已成為穩(wěn)定和擴(kuò)大就業(yè)的重要支撐[1]。黨的十九大又把對(duì)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)型人才的培養(yǎng)提升到了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略高度[2],培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新型人才迫在眉睫。大學(xué)生是促進(jìn)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新的最主要力量,正在成為中國(guó)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)未來道路行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)的活力之源[3]。而大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育是創(chuàng)新型人才培養(yǎng)的主要途徑,大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目則是大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的重要內(nèi)容。
深化高等學(xué)校創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育改革,從管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、課程體系優(yōu)化、雙創(chuàng)項(xiàng)目建設(shè)和雙創(chuàng)平臺(tái)搭建等方面進(jìn)行體系研究,提出以創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目驅(qū)動(dòng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育,通過項(xiàng)目、課程、平臺(tái)“三位一體”的教育體系來創(chuàng)建新型大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育體系,以增強(qiáng)大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)意識(shí)和創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)能力,從而有效適應(yīng)知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)新型創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)復(fù)合型人才的迫切需求[4]。
1? 創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育
1.1? 創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育內(nèi)涵
“創(chuàng)新”一詞的提出源于美國(guó)的《經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展理論》[5]。而中國(guó)最早提出創(chuàng)新觀點(diǎn)的是著名教育學(xué)家陶行知先生,他提倡“創(chuàng)造教育”,在上海大學(xué)演講時(shí)曾指出要“打倒傳統(tǒng)教育,提倡創(chuàng)造教育”[6]?!皠?chuàng)業(yè)”教育最早出現(xiàn)于歐美國(guó)家,教育的重點(diǎn)是通過舉辦大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)競(jìng)賽等相關(guān)活動(dòng)來培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生樹立創(chuàng)業(yè)理念[7]。中國(guó)的創(chuàng)業(yè)教育起源于第一次成功舉辦的“清華大學(xué)創(chuàng)業(yè)計(jì)劃大賽”[8]。隨著創(chuàng)業(yè)比賽的全面開展與推廣,創(chuàng)業(yè)教育理論蔓延至全國(guó)各大高校,很多高校開始深入研究、探索進(jìn)而大力推廣創(chuàng)業(yè)教育。隨著現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,大學(xué)生就業(yè)形勢(shì)愈發(fā)嚴(yán)峻,創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育目前已成為全國(guó)各大高校以及整個(gè)社會(huì)培養(yǎng)新型人才的重要戰(zhàn)略舉措。