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      智能接觸器準(zhǔn)臨界電流搜索自起動(dòng)控制

      2019-07-22 04:38:54莊杰榕許志紅

      莊杰榕 許志紅

      關(guān)鍵詞:數(shù)字閉環(huán);下降拐點(diǎn);自起動(dòng);準(zhǔn)臨界電流;模糊觀測(cè)

      DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2019.06.000

      中圖分類號(hào)文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1007 -449X(2019)06 -0000 -00

      Abstract:A selfstarting control strategy with quasicritical current for intelligent contactor was proposed. The forced down phenomenon of coil current was analyzed and the constraint condition for current closedloop was inferred. Based on these, the universal feedback signal of movement of contacts was established. Thus the quasicritical starting current was obtained when turning point occurred. By fuzzy observation, the starting current for contactor of different capacity was provided for the first time. A digital closedloop control method with opposite polarity voltage was designed. The high response online current search was used to approach critical starting current under the current working condition, in order to realize selfstarting process control with coordination between attraction and counterforce. The proposed control strategy which is insensitive of contactor parameters change and voltage fluctuation, can adaptively search for the quasicritical current to suppress the contact bounce. At the same time, it has the advantages of starting block fault alarm, coil overcurrent protection and so on. The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by the related simulations and experiments.

      Keywords:digital closedloop;dropping turning;selfstarting;quasicritical starting;current fuzzy observation

      0 引 言

      高性能的智能接觸器在新能源并網(wǎng)、電動(dòng)汽車等領(lǐng)域中承擔(dān)著可靠通斷電路的控制任務(wù),受到國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛認(rèn)可及研究[1-4]。文獻(xiàn)[5-7]分別采取實(shí)驗(yàn)歸納及數(shù)值仿真方法,分析交流接觸器最佳的合閘相角,設(shè)計(jì)選相控制方案,一定程度上抑制了觸頭彈跳;文獻(xiàn)[8-11]將電磁系統(tǒng)的勵(lì)磁方式由交流變換為直流,實(shí)現(xiàn)無分磁環(huán)的本體結(jié)構(gòu),顯著減小磁滯渦流損耗,開關(guān)可節(jié)能無聲運(yùn)行;文獻(xiàn)[12-16]引入電壓或電流反饋,快速調(diào)節(jié)電磁機(jī)構(gòu)勵(lì)磁狀態(tài),解決開環(huán)控制缺陷,實(shí)現(xiàn)電磁系統(tǒng)交直流通用、寬電壓運(yùn)行,觸頭系統(tǒng)彈跳抑制等;文獻(xiàn)[17-19]分別基于電磁機(jī)構(gòu)的磁路模型、電路模型及動(dòng)態(tài)仿真分析,實(shí)現(xiàn)永磁接觸器位移分段PWM控制;文獻(xiàn)[20]將模型預(yù)測(cè)融入接觸器運(yùn)動(dòng)過程仿真,改變電壓施加時(shí)間進(jìn)而調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流,顯著減小因開關(guān)投切彈跳引起的系統(tǒng)暫態(tài)涌流。總結(jié)以上文獻(xiàn),勵(lì)磁電流曲線是直接影響接觸器吸合過程吸反力配合的重要參數(shù),間接關(guān)系到觸頭彈跳和動(dòng)作穩(wěn)定性。文獻(xiàn)中大多通過離線方法獲取這一關(guān)鍵控制參量,離線方法可分為機(jī)理建模和試驗(yàn),得到的控制規(guī)律具有一定效果。然而,離線參量始終指導(dǎo)接觸器在線時(shí)變的運(yùn)行狀態(tài),局限性大:接觸器規(guī)格種類繁多,反力等特性不同;運(yùn)行工況日益復(fù)雜,以安裝于海上風(fēng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)的接觸器為例,面臨高低溫、電壓大幅波動(dòng)、機(jī)械振動(dòng)等復(fù)雜工作條件,極大地增加機(jī)理建模和試驗(yàn)調(diào)試的周期和難度;建模依賴接觸器實(shí)際參數(shù)和假設(shè)條件,即便針對(duì)固定的本體,接觸器長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行后自身特性發(fā)生改變,離線建立的模型與實(shí)際模型逐漸脫節(jié);實(shí)驗(yàn)室難以完全復(fù)現(xiàn)實(shí)際工況,離線實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)接觸器的長(zhǎng)期控制指導(dǎo)意義有限;電磁系統(tǒng)與觸頭系統(tǒng)在電氣上各自獨(dú)立,缺少機(jī)械狀態(tài)反饋?zhàn)兞渴侵萍s接觸器在線控制的重要原因。接觸器裝配緊湊,在有限的空間安裝位移等機(jī)械信號(hào)傳感器,不可避免帶來運(yùn)動(dòng)部件質(zhì)量的增加,影響接觸器運(yùn)行狀態(tài),傳感器需要頻繁承受振動(dòng)沖擊,成為機(jī)械上的薄弱點(diǎn)。

      為解決上述缺陷,本文提出智能接觸器準(zhǔn)臨界電流搜索自起動(dòng)的控制思路:對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)反電勢(shì)引起線圈電流強(qiáng)迫下跌現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析,推導(dǎo)得出區(qū)分電流閉環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)與電流強(qiáng)迫下跌的電壓約束條件,在此約束條件下,電流下降拐點(diǎn)與觸頭閉合時(shí)刻存在時(shí)間近似關(guān)系,間接建立起反映觸頭運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的通用反饋信號(hào),無需添加額外的機(jī)械傳感器,不依賴接觸器的具體參數(shù);采用雙極性數(shù)字電流閉環(huán)實(shí)現(xiàn)高動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)的線圈電流變換,以臺(tái)階方式進(jìn)行在線搜索,將下降拐點(diǎn)處的線圈電流定義為準(zhǔn)臨界電流,不斷逼近當(dāng)前工況下的起動(dòng)臨界電流;采用模糊觀測(cè)器建立起動(dòng)電流的通用預(yù)判模型,將人為經(jīng)驗(yàn)轉(zhuǎn)換為精確的數(shù)字量,從而預(yù)估不同容量接觸器首次起動(dòng)電流的在線搜索范圍,為搜索區(qū)間的劃分提供依據(jù)。所提控制策略無需機(jī)理建模就可自適應(yīng)地獲取準(zhǔn)臨界起動(dòng)電流,完成吸反力良好配合的自起動(dòng)過程,對(duì)電壓波動(dòng)、本體參數(shù)變化不敏感。

      4 結(jié) 論

      本文提出一種準(zhǔn)臨界電流搜索自起動(dòng)控制策略,通過仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可得出以下結(jié)論:

      1)分析線圈電流強(qiáng)迫下跌的變化規(guī)律,得出區(qū)分電流閉環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)與強(qiáng)迫下跌的約束條件,間接建立反映觸頭運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的通用反饋信號(hào);

      2)設(shè)計(jì)雙極性數(shù)字電流閉環(huán),基于觸頭狀態(tài)反饋信號(hào),進(jìn)行高動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)的電流搜索,不斷逼近當(dāng)前工況下的起動(dòng)臨界電流,實(shí)現(xiàn)吸反力良好配合的自起動(dòng)過程控制;

      3)建立模糊觀測(cè)模型,無需機(jī)理建模,以靜態(tài)電阻、電感為輸入量,為參數(shù)未知的接觸器提供自起動(dòng)預(yù)判電流初值;

      4)控制策略能夠自適應(yīng)獲取準(zhǔn)臨界起動(dòng)電流,抑制觸頭彈跳,同時(shí)具有卡澀故障警報(bào)、線圈過流保護(hù)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

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      (編輯:賈志超)

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